California Border Protection Stations: Difference between revisions
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==Procedures== |
==Procedures== |
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Vehicles entering California |
Vehicles entering California from Oregon,<ref name="yolo"/> Nevada,<ref name="lv" /> or Arizona,<ref name="Bee"/> are profiled at CBPS' to assess their potential risk. Passenger vehicles with California [[license plate]]s, or those of bordering states, are considered low risk and are generally subject to only a cursory screening which consists of an inspector asking the vehicle's driver questions about the contents of his or her vehicle.<ref name="lv" /> Other vehicles – particularly [[recreational vehicle]]s, commercial trucks, or those carrying watercraft or livestock – are considered higher risk and may be subject to a visual inspection of cargo and contents.<ref name="lv" /> During the 2016–2017 fiscal year, one CBPS in [[Yermo, California|Yermo]] denied entry to California to 882 cross-border shipments.<ref name="lv">{{Cite news |last=Akers |first=Mick |date=August 8, 2017 |title=Designed to keep pests out, Yermo station to be replaced |work=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]] |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2017/aug/08/designed-to-keep-pests-out-yermo-station-to-be-rep/ |access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref> |
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In addition, [[apiary]] cargo is logged by inspectors and the driver required to declare a final destination in California.<ref name="apiary">{{Cite journal |
In addition, [[apiary]] cargo is logged by inspectors and the driver required to declare a final destination in California.<ref name="apiary">{{Cite journal |last=Goodrich |first=Brittney K. |last2=Williams |first2=Jeffrey C. |last3=Goodhue |first3=Rachael E. |date=October 2019 |title=The Great Bee Migration: Supply Analysis of Honey Bee Colony Shipments into California for Almond Pollination Services |journal=American Journal of Agricultural Economics |language=en |volume=101 |issue=5 |pages=1353–1372 |doi=10.1093/ajae/aaz046 |s2cid=135063582}}</ref> Logs of such shipments are then forwarded to the agricultural office of the destination [[county (United States)|county]] so that a more thorough inspection of the cargo can be made upon its arrival.<ref name="apiary" /> |
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==List of stations== |
==List of stations== |
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Revision as of 22:43, 12 October 2020
California Border Protection Stations (CBPS) are 16 checkpoints maintained by the California Department of Food and Agriculture along the state's land borders with Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona. Officials staffing CBPS' inspect vehicle traffic entering California for the presence of pests; vehicles discovered to be carrying infested cargo are denied entry to the state.
History
Background
As of 2017, approximately 13 percent of United States agriculture production occurred in California, with agribusiness directly generating $47.1 billion of economic activity in the state.[1] The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) is a state government agency with a primary mandate of protecting California "against invasion of exotic pests and diseases".[2]
California Border Protection Stations are 16 checkpoints placed at California's land borders with neighboring states and maintained by the CDFA for the purpose of monitoring vehicle traffic entering the state for the presence of cargo infested with pests.[3][4] As of 2017, an average of 27 million vehicles were stopped and inspected annually by CBPS staff.[3]
Development
Border Protection Stations were first established by California in 1920.[5] A 1968 plan to close the stations and replace them with six regional inspection hubs in the interior of the state was ultimately scuttled after opposition to the proposal was mounted by county agriculture officials.[6][5] Beginning in 1970, inspectors were issued blue uniforms to, according to the Sacramento Bee, "help present a 'Welcome to California' image".[7]
Efficacy
According to the California Department of Food and Agriculture, every dollar spent on maintaining the CBPS' saves $14 in economic losses that would be incurred by the introduction of pests.[3]
Legality
In the 1980 case of People v. Dickinson, in which a motorist was arrested after 200 pounds of marijuana was discovered in his vehicle at a California Border Protection Station, the California Court of Appeal ruled that "quarantine officers may stop motorists at the inspection stations and request to look into the trunk of the vehicle. This is in accord with United States v. Ortiz and United States v. Martinez-Fuerte. If the motorist voluntarily opens the trunk of the vehicle, the quarantine officer may look therein and, as here, remove any plant materials in plain view for further inspection".[8]
Procedures
Vehicles entering California from Oregon,[3] Nevada,[4] or Arizona,[6] are profiled at CBPS' to assess their potential risk. Passenger vehicles with California license plates, or those of bordering states, are considered low risk and are generally subject to only a cursory screening which consists of an inspector asking the vehicle's driver questions about the contents of his or her vehicle.[4] Other vehicles – particularly recreational vehicles, commercial trucks, or those carrying watercraft or livestock – are considered higher risk and may be subject to a visual inspection of cargo and contents.[4] During the 2016–2017 fiscal year, one CBPS in Yermo denied entry to California to 882 cross-border shipments.[4]
In addition, apiary cargo is logged by inspectors and the driver required to declare a final destination in California.[9] Logs of such shipments are then forwarded to the agricultural office of the destination county so that a more thorough inspection of the cargo can be made upon its arrival.[9]
List of stations
US 101 – Smith River
US 199 – O'Brien (Redwood)
I-5 – Hornbrook
US 97 – Dorris
SR 139 – Tulelake
US 395 / SR 299 – Alturas- US 395 – Chilcoot (Long Valley)
I-80 – Truckee
US 50 – Meyers- US 395 – Topaz
US 6 – Benton
I-15 – Mountain Pass
I-40 – Needles
SR 62 – Vidal
I-10 / US 95 – Blythe
I-8 – Winterhaven
- Source: [10]
Other checkpoints in California
In addition to state-maintained CBPS', the United States Department of Homeland Security maintains 20 checkpoints at California's airports and seaports, and that portion of the Mexico-United States border contiguous with California's southern frontier.[11]
See also
References
- ^ Manley, Todd. "California Agriculture – A State of Abundance". norcalwater.org. Northern California Water Association. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ "The Battle Against Invasive Pests and Disease". cdfa.ca.gov. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Daniel, Ann (Spring 2015). "Road Block Ahead: Help Stop those Invasive Pests & Diseases" (PDF). The Yolo Gardener. University of California. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Akers, Mick (August 8, 2017). "Designed to keep pests out, Yermo station to be replaced". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "A Border Opens". Salt Lake Tribune. November 24, 1968. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Plan to Close Border Stations is Criticized". Sacramento Bee. October 25, 1968. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Tracy, Richard (June 12, 1970). "Border Stations Guard California's Crops". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "No. 84-902" (PDF). oag.ca.gov/. Attorney-General of California. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ a b Goodrich, Brittney K.; Williams, Jeffrey C.; Goodhue, Rachael E. (October 2019). "The Great Bee Migration: Supply Analysis of Honey Bee Colony Shipments into California for Almond Pollination Services". American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 101 (5): 1353–1372. doi:10.1093/ajae/aaz046. S2CID 135063582.
- ^ "California Border Protection Stations (BPS)". cdfa.ca.gov. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ Alexander, Janice M. "Firewood Movement in California". ucanr.edu. University of California. Retrieved September 17, 2020.