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William Michael Connolley (April 12, 1964 - ) is a climate modeller. Connolley is a Senior Scientific Officer in the Physical Sciences Division in the Antarctic Climate and the Earth System project at the British Antarctic Survey.

Biography

Connolley holds a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Oxford for his work on numerical analysis.^[1] Connolley has authored and co-authored many articles in the field of climatological research, and it is his view that there is a consensus in the scientific community about climate change topics such as global warming; and believes that the various reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarise this consensus[1].

Connolley has stood as a Green candidate for either South Cambridgeshire District Council or Cambridgeshire County Council in the years from 2001 to 2005.^[2]

Sea ice

One of Connolley's current research interests is sea ice, its observations and modelling, in global climate models (GCM), especially the HadCM3 GCM.

Internet activities

Connolley is a regular contributor to the global warming advocacy site RealClimate.org. Some of his activities there has led to his being criticized as a "serial denier" of climate history.[2]

Publications

Connolley, W. M. Sea ice concentrations in the Weddell Sea: A comparison of SSM/I, ULS, and GCM data. GRL 32 (7): art. no. L07501 2 April 2005; see also Sea ice: What I do in my spare time for a popular exposition
Connolley, W.M., J.M. Gregory, E. Hunke and A.J. Mclaren (2004), On The Consistent Scaling Of Terms In The Sea - Ice Dynamics Equation, J . Phys . Oceangr. 34 (7): 1776-1780 July 2004
Connolley, W. M., 2002, Long-term variation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, Connolley, W. M., doi:10.1029/2000JC000380, JGR 108(C4)

External articles

William Connolley (Personal website)
- Connolley's webpage analysing papers relevant to a modern Ice Age.
"Stoat; Taking science by the throat ..." (Connolley's personal blog)
RealClimate RealClimate
Work website

Notes

[1] British Antarctic Survey Website

[2] The Green Party South Cambs

[1]

[2]

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 ===Sea ice===
+One of Connolley's current research interests is [[sea ice]], its observations and modelling, in [[global climate model]]s (GCM), especially the [[HadCM3]] GCM.
-One of Connolley's current research interests is [[sea ice]], its observations and modelling, in [[global climate model]]s (GCM), especially the [[HadCM3]] GCM. Around Antarctica, direct observations of sea ice are sparse, and even the most easily observable quantity, ice fraction, is not directly available; satellite [[SSMI|Special Sensor Microwave/Imager]] (SSMI) based observations are used instead. However, different [[algorithm]]s produce somewhat different results, sufficiently so that verification of GCM output becomes difficult. Hence Connolley has studied the validation of the SSMI products against more direct observations from [[upward looking sonar]] observations in the [[Weddell Sea]] area. In his investigation, the results indicate the Bootstrap product appears to "''fit better''" than the [[NASA]] Team product, and it is believed by Connolley that the GCM results are more realistic than previous results [http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/wmc/papers/ULS-grl-2005.pdf].
 === Internet activities ===
 Connolley is a regular contributor to the global warming advocacy site RealClimate.org.  Some of his activities there has led to his being criticized as a "serial denier" of climate history.[http://debunkers.org/intro/index.php?p=73]
-Connolley has long had an interest in confronting the notion that "all scientists were predicting an ice age in the [[1970s]]" (known as [[global cooling]]).<ref>[http://www.realclimate.org/index.php?p=94 The global cooling myth]</ref><ref>[http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/iceage/]</ref> Connolley maintains a webpage analysing papers relevant to this issue. Connolley actively posts to newsgroups such as [[sci.environment]], and contributes to [[Wikipedia]].
-In 2005, the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' wrote a comparison of the relative reliability of Wikipedia and Britannica,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jim Giles|journal=Nature|title=Special Report: Internet encyclopaedias go head to head|year=2005|volume=438|pages=900-901}}</ref> in which Connolley was discussed as an example of an expert who regularly contributes to Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jim Giles|journal=Nature|title=Challenges of Being a Wikipedian|year=2005|volume=438|pages=900-901}}.</ref>  A July 2006 ''[[New Yorker magazine|New Yorker]]'' article on Wikipedia describes Connolley as "a victim of an edit war over the entry on global warming", and states "Connolley believes that Wikipedia 'gives no privilege to those who know what they’re talking about'".<ref>{{cite news|first=Stacy|last=Schiff|title=Know It All: Can Wikipedia conquer expertise?|url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact|work=The New Yorker|date=[[2006-07-31]]|accessdate=2007-01-05}}</ref>   An October 2006 Nature article on the "rival" [[Citizendium]] project quotes Connolley as saying that "some scientists have become frustrated with Wikipedia" but adds that he believes that "conflict can sometimes result in better articles".<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v443/n7111/full/443493a.html]</ref>
 == Publications ==
 * Connolley, W. M. [http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/wmc/papers/ULS-grl-2005.pdf Sea ice concentrations in the Weddell Sea: A comparison of SSM/I, ULS, and GCM data]. GRL 32 (7): art. no. L07501 [[2 April]] [[2005]]; see also [http://mustelid.blogspot.com/2005/05/sea-ice-what-i-do-in-my-spare-time.html Sea ice: What I do in my spare time] for a popular exposition
 * Connolley, W.M., J.M. Gregory, E. Hunke and A.J. Mclaren (2004), On The Consistent Scaling Of Terms In The Sea - Ice Dynamics Equation, ''J . Phys . Oceangr.'' 34 (7): 1776-1780 July [[2004]]
-* Marshall, G.J., P.A. Stott, J. Turner, W.M. Connolley, J.C. King and T.A. Lachlancope (2004), Causes Of Exceptional Atmospheric Circulation Changes In The Southern Hemisphere, ''Geophys. Res. Lett.'' 31(14): Art . No. L14205 [[July 30]] [[2004]]
-* J. C. King, J. Turner, G. J. Marshall, W. M. Connolley, and T. A. Lachlan-Cope. Antarctic Peninsula climate variability and its causes as revealed by instrumental records. ''Antarctic Research Series'' v79, pp17-30.
-* J. Turner, S. A. Harangozo, J. C. King, W. Connolley, T. Lachlan-Cope, and G. J. Marshall. 2003. An exceptional winter sea ice retreat/advance in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica. ''Atmos. Ocean'' 41 (2) 2003, 171-185.
-* D. G. Vaughan, G. J. Marshall, W. M. Connolley, C. L. Parkinson, R. Mulvaney, D. A. Hodgson, J. C. King, C. J. Pudsey, and J. Turner. Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. ''Climatic Change'', 60 (3): 243-274 October [[2003]]
-* Translation of ''Fourier 1827: MEMOIRE sur les temperatures du globe terrestre et des espaces planetaires'' [http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/]
 * Connolley, W. M., 2002, Long-term variation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, Connolley, W. M., doi:10.1029/2000JC000380, JGR 108(C4)
-* Vaughan, D.G., G.J. Marshall, W.M. Connolley, J.C. King and R. Mulvaney. 2001. Climate change - devil in the detail. ''Science'', 293, 1777-1779. Abstract: [[7 September]] [[2001]]
-* Tom A. Lachlan-Cope, William M. Connolley, and John Turner, The Role of the Non-Axisymmetric Antarctic Orography in Forcing the Observed Pattern of Variability of the Antarctic Climate, ''Geophysical Research Letters'', 2001, v28 no 21, pp 4111-4114.
-* W. M. Connolley and S. A. Harangozo, A comparison of five numerical weather prediction analysis climatologies in southern high latitudes, ''J. Climate'', v14, [[1 January]] [[2001]], pp 30-44.
-* Turner, J, W Connolley, D Cresswell and S A Harangozo (2001). The simulation of Antarctic sea ice in the Hadley Centre climate model (HadCM3). ''Ann. Glaciol.'', 33, 585-591.
 == External articles ==