Mount Hibok-Hibok: Difference between revisions
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In January 1871, residents of the island reported earthquakes and subterranean rumbling. There were next landslides, fissuring of land and a swarm of earthquakes. In April, the volcano spewed rocks, dust, and ashes for a week and a volcanic dome called which would later be named Mt. Vulcan began to form. The lava dome reached a height of 457 meters with a base almost 1,5000 meters after four years. Vulcan's activity has been limited to emission of steam from crevices at the top of the dome. |
In January 1871, residents of the island reported earthquakes and subterranean rumbling. There were next landslides, fissuring of land and a swarm of earthquakes. In April, the volcano spewed rocks, dust, and ashes for a week and a volcanic dome called which would later be named Mt. Vulcan began to form. The lava dome reached a height of 457 meters with a base almost 1,5000 meters after four years. Vulcan's activity has been limited to emission of steam from crevices at the top of the dome. |
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[[Image:Hibok-hibok Volcano and Mt. Vulcan.jpg|thumb|300px|Hibok-Hibok Volcano (left) and Mt. Vulcan (right), the volcanic cone created in the 1871 flank eruption.]] |
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In 1897, Hibok-Hibok emitted white sulfurous vapors which damaged farms on the island. Solfataric activity continued up to 1902. |
In 1897, Hibok-Hibok emitted white sulfurous vapors which damaged farms on the island. Solfataric activity continued up to 1902. |
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Revision as of 07:20, 29 November 2008
| Mount Hibok-Hibok | |
|---|---|
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,332 m (4,370 ft)  |
Mount Hibok-Hibok or Hibok-Hibok is an active stratovolcano on Camiguin Island in the Philippines (9°12.2'N, 124°40.5’E)[1]. It is also known as Catarman[2].
Physical Features
Volcanologists classify Hibok-Hibok as a stratovolcano[1] and dome complex[2] with an elevation of 1,332 meters and a base diameter of 1,000 meters.
It has six hot springs (Ardent Spring, Tangob, Bugong, Tagdo, Naasag and Kiyab), three crater lakes (Kanangkaan Crater, site of the 1948 eruption; Itum Crater, site of 1949 eruption, and Ilihan Crater, site of 1950 eruption). It also has a volcanic maar, Taguines Lagoon between Binone and Maac.
Its adjacent volcanic edifices are Mt. Vulcan ( 671 m high asl, NW of Hibok-Hibok ), Mt. Mambajao (center of Camiguin), Mt. Ginsiliban (581 m high asl, southernmost Camiguin), Mt. Uhay (N of Mount Ginsiliban). There are also domes and cones at Campana Hill, Minokol Hill, Tres Marias Hill, Mt. Carling, Mt. Tibane, and Piyakong Hill.
Eruptions
Hibok-Hibok erupted five times in modern history. The first recorded eruption occurred in 1827[2]. This was followed by similar activity in 1862.
In January 1871, residents of the island reported earthquakes and subterranean rumbling. There were next landslides, fissuring of land and a swarm of earthquakes. In April, the volcano spewed rocks, dust, and ashes for a week and a volcanic dome called which would later be named Mt. Vulcan began to form. The lava dome reached a height of 457 meters with a base almost 1,5000 meters after four years. Vulcan's activity has been limited to emission of steam from crevices at the top of the dome.
In 1897, Hibok-Hibok emitted white sulfurous vapors which damaged farms on the island. Solfataric activity continued up to 1902.
From 1948 to 1951, Mt. Hibok-Hibok constantly rumbled and smoked. Its minor eruption in 1948 caused little damage and loss of life. In 1949, its eruption caused 79 deaths due to landslides. In the morning of 4 December 1951, the volcano erupted again. This, time, however, it unleashed boiling lava, poisonous gases, and landslides enough to destroy nearly 19 squares kilometers of land particularly in Mambajao. All in all, over 3,000 people were killed. Before the eruption of Mt. Hibok-Hibok in 1951, the population of Camiguin had reach 69,000. After the eruption, the population was reduced to about 34,000 due to massive out-migration
Hibok-Hibok had a Peléan eruption in August 1948, with a series of earth tremors. There were also landslides and earthquakes followed by dome building and nuee ardente in September 1953. Eruption sites during the 1948-1952 eruptions were Kanangkaan Crater (1948), Itum Crater (1949) and Ilihan Crater (1950).
Volcanologists observed an eruption pattern observed during the 1948-1952 eruptions (a cycle of four phases) beginning with a short period of emission of steam from the crater and avalanches of volcanic materials, followed by explosions or steam blast with emission of heavy clouds of steam, ash and other fragmentary volcanic materials with a strong possibility of the development of nuee ardente. The third phase involves eruption of incandescent meterials, emission of ash and steam in large amounts, formation of flows and occasional minor crateral outbursts and finally a decrease in steam and other ejecta from the crater.
It is one of the 22 active volcanoes in the Philippines. The others are Babuyan Claro, Banahaw, Biliran, Bud Dajo, Mount Bulusan Cagua, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Mount Iriga, Mount Kanlaon,Makaturing, Matutum, Mayon, Musuan, Mount Parker (Cotabato), Pinatubo, Ragang, Smith, Taal. They are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.
Hiking activity
Mt. Hibok-Hibok is a popular hiking destination in Camiguin island. A permit from the DENR office in Mambajao is required. It normally takes 3-5 hours to reach the summit; the usual jump-off is Ardent Hot Springs in Mambajao. Views from the summit include the nearby White Island; Bohol (N); Eastern Mindanao (E); and Siquijor (W). The mossy crater of Camiguin's past eruption can also be seen. [3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Camiguin Profile (Hibok-hibok) on the Global Volcanism Program". National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian). Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- ^ a b c "Philippine Volcanoes". ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. 1996. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- ^ PinoyMountaineer: Mount Hibok-Hibok, 18 August 2007, retrieved 2007-10-25
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
External links
- Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) Mount Hibok-Hibok Page
- Template:VNUM
- PinoyMountaineer: Mount Hibok-Hibok, 18 August 2007, retrieved 2007-10-25
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)