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Reverted to revision 615893197 by Pundit: Rv... far too much emphasis on leaflets announcing US intention to bomb, despite these leaflets not warning about atomic bombs until after Nagasaki. (TW)
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'''{{Nihongo|Hiroshima Peace Memorial|広島平和記念碑|Hiroshima heiwa kinenhi}}''', commonly called the '''Atomic Bomb Dome''' or '''{{Nihongo3|A-Bomb Dome|原爆ドーム|Genbaku Dōmu}}''', in [[Hiroshima]], [[Japan]], is part of the [[Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park]] and was designated a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1996. The ruin serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombing of Hiroshima]] on 6 August 1945 during the final stages of [[World War II]].
'''{{Nihongo|Hiroshima Peace Memorial|広島平和記念碑|Hiroshima heiwa kinenhi}}''', commonly called the '''Atomic Bomb Dome''' or '''{{Nihongo3|A-Bomb Dome|原爆ドーム|Genbaku Dōmu}}''', in [[Hiroshima]], [[Japan]], is part of the [[Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park]] and was designated a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1996. The ruin serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombing of Hiroshima]] on 6 August 1945. Over 70,000 people were killed instantly, and another 70,000 suffered fatal injuries from the radiation.<ref name="n">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) | title = 原爆ドーム | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/| accessdate = 2012-09-18 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese | trans_title = A-Bomb Dome | oclc = 153301537}}</ref>


== History of the Genbaku Dome ==
== History of the Genbaku Dome ==
The building was designed by the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[architect]] [[Jan Letzel]]. The design included a distinctive dome at the highest part of the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the ''Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition'' (HMI). It was formally opened to the public in August that year. In 1921, the name was changed to the ''Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall'', and again, in 1933, to the ''Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall''. The building was located in the large business district next to the [[Aioi Bridge]] and was primarily used for arts and educational exhibitions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Logan|first=William|title=Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with 'Difficult Heritage'|year=2008|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>
The building was designed by the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[architect]] [[Jan Letzel]]. The design included a distinctive dome at the highest part of the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the ''Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition'' (HMI).<ref name="n" /> It was formally opened to the public in August that year. In 1921, the name was changed to the ''Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall'', and again, in 1933, to the ''Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall''. The building was located in the large business district next to the [[Aioi Bridge]] and was primarily used for arts and educational exhibitions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Logan|first=William|title=Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with 'Difficult Heritage'|year=2008|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>


The building was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|last=UNESCO|title=Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/775}}</ref> Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed metal dome framework at its apex, the structure was scheduled to be demolished with the rest of the ruins, but the majority of the building was intact, delaying the demolition plans. The Dome became a subject of controversy, with some locals wanting it torn down, while others wanted to preserve it as a memorial of the bombing and a symbol of peace.<ref>Hiroshima Peace Museum</ref> Ultimately, when the reconstruction of Hiroshima began, the skeletal remains of the building were preserved.<ref name="UNESCO" />
The building was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|last=UNESCO|title=Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/775}}</ref> Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed metal dome framework at its apex, the structure was scheduled to be demolished with the rest of the ruins, but the majority of the building was intact, delaying the demolition plans. The Dome became a subject of controversy, with some locals wanting it torn down, while others wanted to preserve it as a memorial of the bombing and a symbol of peace.<ref>Hiroshima Peace Museum</ref> Ultimately, when the reconstruction of Hiroshima began, the skeletal remains of the building were preserved.<ref name="UNESCO" />
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[[File:Hiroshima Dome 1945.gif|thumb|upright|The Genbaku Dome amidst the devastation in October 1945. Photograph by [[Shigeo Hayashi]], one of two photographers attached to the academic survey teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/virtual/VirtualMuseum_e/exhibit_e/exh0702_e/exh070201_e.html#01 |title=Let's look at the Special Exhibit : Hiroshima on October 5, 1945 |publisher=Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum |accessdate=15 August 2010}}</ref>]]
[[File:Hiroshima Dome 1945.gif|thumb|upright|The Genbaku Dome amidst the devastation in October 1945. Photograph by [[Shigeo Hayashi]], one of two photographers attached to the academic survey teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/virtual/VirtualMuseum_e/exhibit_e/exh0702_e/exh070201_e.html#01 |title=Let's look at the Special Exhibit : Hiroshima on October 5, 1945 |publisher=Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum |accessdate=15 August 2010}}</ref>]]
At 8:15&nbsp;a.m. on 6 August 1945, [[Little Boy]]&nbsp;— the first [[atomic bomb]] to be used in [[combat]]&nbsp;— was dropped by the [[Enola Gay]], a [[B-29]] [[bomber]] of the [[United States Army Air Forces]]. The force of the atomic bomb effectively obliterated the city of Hiroshima.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schofield|first1=John|title=A Fearsome Heritage: Diverse Legacies of the Cold War|year=2009|publisher=Left Coast Press|author2=Owen Beazley|authorlink=A Paradox of Peace: The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) as World Heritage}}</ref>
At 8:15&nbsp;a.m. on 6 August 1945, [[Little Boy]]&nbsp;— the first [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Hiroshima|atomic bomb]] to be used in war&nbsp;— was dropped by the [[United States Army Air Forces]] from the [[Enola Gay]], a [[B-29]] [[bomber]]. The force of the atomic bomb effectively obliterated the city of [[Hiroshima]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schofield|first1=John|title=A Fearsome Heritage: Diverse Legacies of the Cold War|year=2009|publisher=Left Coast Press|author2=Owen Beazley|authorlink=A Paradox of Peace: The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) as World Heritage}}</ref>


On 25 July 1945, [[General (United States)|General]] [[Carl Spaatz]], commander of the [[United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific]], received orders to deliver a "special bomb" attack on selected cities in Japan.<ref name="Van Rhyn">{{cite web|last=Van Rhyn|first=Mark E. |title=Hiroshima, Bombing of |url=http://www.pbs.org/thewar/detail_5234.htm|publisher=PBS|accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> The first target city chosen was Hiroshima, which had an important port of [[embarkation]] in southern [[Honshu]] and was headquarters of the [[Second General Army (Japan)|Second General Army]] and [[5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Fifth Division]] with 40,000 [[military personnel]] stationed in the city.<ref name="Van Rhyn"/> On 1 August 1945, five days before the bomb was delivered to Hiroshima, the United States Army Air Forces dropped one million [[Airborne leaflet propaganda|leaflets]] on 35 Japanese cities, including Hiroshima and [[Nagasaki]], warning civilians of [[strategic bombing|air raids]] within a few days and urged them to evacuate the targeted cities immediately.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no3/article07.html The Information War in the Pacific, 1945]</ref> Unfortunately, most Japanese residents, even if the read the leaflets, ignored the warning. Japanese citizens were instructed to turn such leaflets without reading the contents to their local police station or risk being subjected to harsh penalties.<ref>{{cite book |last= Bradley |first= F.J. |title=No Strategic Targets Left |year=1999 |page=103 |publisher=Turner Publishing Company |isbn=1-5631-1483-6}}</ref>
On 25 July 1945, General [[Carl Spaatz]], commander of the [[United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific]], received orders to deliver a "special bomb" attack on selected cities in [[Japan]].<ref name="Van Rhyn">{{cite web|last=Van Rhyn|first=Mark E. |title=Hiroshima, Bombing of |url=http://www.pbs.org/thewar/detail_5234.htm|publisher=PBS|accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> The first target city chosen was [[Hiroshima]], which had an important port on southern [[Honshu]] and was headquarters of the [[Second General Army (Japan)|Japanese Second General Army]] with 40,000 [[military personnel]] in the city.<ref name="Van Rhyn"/> The [[atomic bomb|bomb]] was assembled in secrecy and loaded on the [[Enola Gay]]. It consisted of a [[uranium]] isotope 235 core shielded by hundreds of kilograms of [[lead]]. [[Little Boy]] possessed a force equivalent to 12,500 tons of [[TNT]]. The plane dropped the [[atomic bomb|bomb]] over the city at 8:15:17&nbsp;a.m. local time on 6 August 1945. Within 43 seconds of being dropped, the [[Little Boy|bomb]] detonated over the city and missed its target by {{convert|240|m|abbr=on}}. Intended for the [[Aioi Bridge]], the [[atomic bomb|bomb]] instead exploded directly over the [[Shima Hospital]], which was very near to the Genbaku Dome. Because the [[bomb|atomic bomb]] exploded almost directly overhead, the building was able to retain its shape.<ref name="Ide 2007 12–23">{{cite journal|last=Ide|first=Kanako|title=A Symbol of Peace and Peace Education: The Genbaku Dome in Hiroshima|journal=Journal of Aesthetic Education|date=Winter 2007|volume=41|series=4|pages=12–23 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jae/summary/v041/41.4ide.html |deadurl=no |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> The building's vertical columns were able to resist the nearly vertical downward force of the blast, and parts of the concrete and brick outer walls remained intact. The center of the blast was displaced {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} horizontally and {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}} vertically from the Dome, having slightly missed the original target, the distinctive "T"-shaped Aioi Bridge. The Dome was 160 meters from the hypocenter of the [[Nuclear weapon|atomic]] blast.<ref name="Ide 2007 12–23"/> Everyone inside the building was killed instantly.<ref>Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall Memorial Plaque</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 =Milam | first1 =Michael C. |date=July–August 2010 | title = Hiroshima and Nagasaki | journal = Humanist | volume = 70 | issue =4 | pages = 32–35 | location = Buffalo, N.Y. | publisher = American Humanist Association and the American Ethical Union}}</ref>

The bomb was assembled in secrecy and loaded on the Enola Gay. It consisted of a [[uranium]] isotope 235 core shielded by hundreds of kilograms of [[lead]]. Little Boy possessed a force equivalent to 12,500 tons of [[TNT]]. The plane dropped the bomb over the city at 8:15:17&nbsp;a.m. local time on 6 August 1945. Within 43 seconds of being dropped, the bomb detonated over the city and missed its target by {{convert|240|m|abbr=on}}. Intended for the [[Aioi Bridge]], the bomb instead exploded directly over the [[Shima Hospital]], which was very near to the Genbaku Dome. Over 70,000 people — 30,000 Japanese civilians, 20,000 Japanese military personnel, 20,000 Korean civilians, and small numbers of other nationalities — were killed, and another 70,000 were injured.<ref>Adams, S. & Crawford, A.. 2000. ''World War II.'' First edition. Printed in association with the Imperial War Museum. Eyewitness Books series. New York, Doring Kindersley Limited</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Real History of World War II: A New Look at the Past |author=Alan Axelrod |publisher=Sterling |page=350 |date=May 6, 2008}}</ref> Because the atomic bomb exploded almost directly overhead, the building was able to retain its shape.<ref name="Ide 2007 12–23">{{cite journal|last=Ide|first=Kanako|title=A Symbol of Peace and Peace Education: The Genbaku Dome in Hiroshima|journal=Journal of Aesthetic Education|date=Winter 2007|volume=41|series=4|pages=12–23 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jae/summary/v041/41.4ide.html |deadurl=no |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> The building's vertical columns were able to resist the nearly vertical downward force of the blast, and parts of the concrete and brick outer walls remained intact. The center of the blast was displaced {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} horizontally and {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}} vertically from the Dome, having slightly missed the original target, the distinctive "T"-shaped Aioi Bridge. The Dome was 160 meters from the hypocenter of the atomic blast.<ref name="Ide 2007 12–23"/> Everyone inside the building was killed instantly.<ref>Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall Memorial Plaque</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 =Milam | first1 =Michael C. |date=July–August 2010 | title = Hiroshima and Nagasaki | journal = Humanist | volume = 70 | issue =4 | pages = 32–35 | location = Buffalo, N.Y. | publisher = American Humanist Association and the American Ethical Union}}</ref>


== Preservation ==
== Preservation ==


Weathering and deterioration of the Genbaku Dome continued in the post-war period. The Hiroshima City Council declared in 1966 that it intended to indefinitely preserve the structure, now termed "Genbaku Dome". The first popularly elected mayor of Hiroshima, [[Shinzo Hamai]] (1905&nbsp;– 1968) sought funds for the preservation effort domestically and internationally. During one trip to Tokyo, Hamai resorted to collecting funds directly on the streets of the capital. Preservation work on the Genbaku Dome was completed in 1967.<ref name="n">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) | title = 原爆ドーム | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/| accessdate = 2012-09-18 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese | trans_title = A-Bomb Dome | oclc = 153301537}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Jinmei Daijiten | title = 浜井信三 | trans_title = Shinzo Hamai | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | accessdate = 2012-10-23 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese }}</ref> The Genbaku Dome has undergone two minor preservation projects to stabilize the ruin, notably between October 1989 and March 1990.
Weathering and deterioration of the Genbaku Dome continued in the post-war period. The Hiroshima City Council declared in 1966 that it intended to indefinitely preserve the structure, now termed "Genbaku Dome". The first popularly elected mayor of Hiroshima, [[Shinzo Hamai]] (1905&nbsp;– 1968) sought funds for the preservation effort domestically and internationally. During one trip to Tokyo, Hamai resorted to collecting funds directly on the streets of the capital. Preservation work on the Genbaku Dome was completed in 1967.<ref name="n" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Jinmei Daijiten | title = 浜井信三 | trans_title = Shinzo Hamai | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | accessdate = 2012-10-23 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese }}</ref> The Genbaku Dome has undergone two minor preservation projects to stabilize the ruin, notably between October 1989 and March 1990.<ref name="n" />


The Genbaku Dome stands almost exactly as it did after the bombing on 6 August 1945. Changes to the ruins, meant to ensure the stability of the structure, have been minimal.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp |title=Japan |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=12 June 2012}}</ref>
The Genbaku Dome stands almost exactly as it did after the bombing on 6 August 1945. Changes to the ruins, meant to ensure the stability of the structure, have been minimal.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp |title=Japan |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=12 June 2012}}</ref>
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== UNESCO World Heritage Site ==
== UNESCO World Heritage Site ==


In December 1996, the Genbaku Dome was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List based on the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.<ref name="n" /> Its inclusion into the UNESCO list was based on its survival from a destructive force (atomic bomb), the first use of nuclear weapons in combat, and its representation as a symbol of peace.<ref name="UNESCO" />
In December 1996, the Genbaku Dome was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List based on the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.<ref name="n" /> Its inclusion into the UNESCO list was based on its survival from a destructive force (atomic bomb), the first use of nuclear weapons on a human population, and its representation as a symbol of peace.<ref name="UNESCO" />


Delegates to the World Heritage Committee from China and the United States had reservations regarding the confirmation of the memorial as a World Heritage Site. China cited the possibility that the monument could be used to downplay the fact that the [[Japanese war crimes|victim countries of Japan's aggression suffered the greatest losses of life during World War II]], and the United States stated that having a memorial to a war site would omit the necessary historical context. The United States dissociated itself from the decision.<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repco96x.htm#annex5 WH Committee: Report of the 20th Session, Merida 1996]</ref>
Delegates to the World Heritage Committee from China and the United States had reservations regarding the confirmation of the memorial as a World Heritage Site. China cited the possibility that the monument could be used to downplay the fact that the victim countries of Japan's aggression suffered the greatest losses of life during the war, and the United States stated that having a memorial to a war site would omit the necessary historical context. The United States dissociated itself from the decision.<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repco96x.htm#annex5 WH Committee: Report of the 20th Session, Merida 1996]</ref>
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Revision as of 09:45, 29 December 2014

Hiroshima Peace Memorial
(Genbaku Dome)
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Ruin of Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall
CriteriaCultural: vi
Reference775
Inscription1996 (20th Session)

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (広島平和記念碑, Hiroshima heiwa kinenhi), commonly called the Atomic Bomb Dome or Genbaku Dōmu (原爆ドーム, A-Bomb Dome), in Hiroshima, Japan, is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. The ruin serves as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Over 70,000 people were killed instantly, and another 70,000 suffered fatal injuries from the radiation.[1]

History of the Genbaku Dome

The building was designed by the Czech architect Jan Letzel. The design included a distinctive dome at the highest part of the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition (HMI).[1] It was formally opened to the public in August that year. In 1921, the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall, and again, in 1933, to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall. The building was located in the large business district next to the Aioi Bridge and was primarily used for arts and educational exhibitions.[2]

The building was the only structure left standing near the bomb’s hypocenter.[3] Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed metal dome framework at its apex, the structure was scheduled to be demolished with the rest of the ruins, but the majority of the building was intact, delaying the demolition plans. The Dome became a subject of controversy, with some locals wanting it torn down, while others wanted to preserve it as a memorial of the bombing and a symbol of peace.[4] Ultimately, when the reconstruction of Hiroshima began, the skeletal remains of the building were preserved.[3]

From 1950 through 1964, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was established around the Dome. The Hiroshima City Council adopted a resolution in 1966 on the permanent preservation of the Genbaku Dome, officially named the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome). The Dome continues to be the park’s primary landmark.[3]

Atomic bombing

The Genbaku Dome amidst the devastation in October 1945. Photograph by Shigeo Hayashi, one of two photographers attached to the academic survey teams.[5]

At 8:15 a.m. on 6 August 1945, Little Boy — the first atomic bomb to be used in war — was dropped by the United States Army Air Forces from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber. The force of the atomic bomb effectively obliterated the city of Hiroshima, Japan.[6]

On 25 July 1945, General Carl Spaatz, commander of the United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, received orders to deliver a "special bomb" attack on selected cities in Japan.[7] The first target city chosen was Hiroshima, which had an important port on southern Honshu and was headquarters of the Japanese Second General Army with 40,000 military personnel in the city.[7] The bomb was assembled in secrecy and loaded on the Enola Gay. It consisted of a uranium isotope 235 core shielded by hundreds of kilograms of lead. Little Boy possessed a force equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT. The plane dropped the bomb over the city at 8:15:17 a.m. local time on 6 August 1945. Within 43 seconds of being dropped, the bomb detonated over the city and missed its target by 240 m (790 ft). Intended for the Aioi Bridge, the bomb instead exploded directly over the Shima Hospital, which was very near to the Genbaku Dome. Because the atomic bomb exploded almost directly overhead, the building was able to retain its shape.[8] The building's vertical columns were able to resist the nearly vertical downward force of the blast, and parts of the concrete and brick outer walls remained intact. The center of the blast was displaced 150 m (490 ft) horizontally and 600 m (2,000 ft) vertically from the Dome, having slightly missed the original target, the distinctive "T"-shaped Aioi Bridge. The Dome was 160 meters from the hypocenter of the atomic blast.[8] Everyone inside the building was killed instantly.[9][10]

Preservation

Weathering and deterioration of the Genbaku Dome continued in the post-war period. The Hiroshima City Council declared in 1966 that it intended to indefinitely preserve the structure, now termed "Genbaku Dome". The first popularly elected mayor of Hiroshima, Shinzo Hamai (1905 – 1968) sought funds for the preservation effort domestically and internationally. During one trip to Tokyo, Hamai resorted to collecting funds directly on the streets of the capital. Preservation work on the Genbaku Dome was completed in 1967.[1][11] The Genbaku Dome has undergone two minor preservation projects to stabilize the ruin, notably between October 1989 and March 1990.[1]

The Genbaku Dome stands almost exactly as it did after the bombing on 6 August 1945. Changes to the ruins, meant to ensure the stability of the structure, have been minimal.[3]

UNESCO World Heritage Site

In December 1996, the Genbaku Dome was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List based on the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.[1] Its inclusion into the UNESCO list was based on its survival from a destructive force (atomic bomb), the first use of nuclear weapons on a human population, and its representation as a symbol of peace.[3]

Delegates to the World Heritage Committee from China and the United States had reservations regarding the confirmation of the memorial as a World Heritage Site. China cited the possibility that the monument could be used to downplay the fact that the victim countries of Japan's aggression suffered the greatest losses of life during the war, and the United States stated that having a memorial to a war site would omit the necessary historical context. The United States dissociated itself from the decision.[12]

Gallery

180° view of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. The Genbaku Dome can be seen in the center left of the image. The original target for the bomb was the "T"-shaped Aioi Bridge seen in the left of the image.
  • Products Exhibition Hall in its original condition (ca. 1921–1933)
    Products Exhibition Hall in its original condition (ca. 1921–1933)
  • Hall, taken from Motoyasu Bridge (ca. 1921–1933)
    Hall, taken from Motoyasu Bridge (ca. 1921–1933)
  • Nighttime photograph, 1921
    Nighttime photograph, 1921
  • Citizens of the city pass by the Hiroshima Peace Memorial on their way to a memorial ceremony on August 6, 2004
    Citizens of the city pass by the Hiroshima Peace Memorial on their way to a memorial ceremony on August 6, 2004
  • The Dome, photo taken from the southwest side
    The Dome, photo taken from the southwest side
  • Distant view of the Dome; shot is taken from the Aioi Bridge
    Distant view of the Dome; shot is taken from the Aioi Bridge
  • Side view of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial
    Side view of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial
  • Close up of the dome
    Close up of the dome
  • Dome with plaque
    Dome with plaque
  • Peace Dome, then and now
    Peace Dome, then and now
  • Genbaku Dome in 2007
    Genbaku Dome in 2007
  • Genbaku Dome at night
    Genbaku Dome at night
  • Genbaku Dome at night
    Genbaku Dome at night
  • Origami cranes
    Origami cranes
  • Hiroshima dome as seen from the memorial park
    Hiroshima dome as seen from the memorial park

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "原爆ドーム". Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 153301537. Retrieved 18 September 2012. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Logan, William (2008). Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with 'Difficult Heritage'. Routledge.
  3. ^ a b c d e UNESCO. "Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)". Cite error: The named reference "UNESCO" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ Hiroshima Peace Museum
  5. ^ "Let's look at the Special Exhibit : Hiroshima on October 5, 1945". Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
  6. ^ Schofield, John; Owen Beazley (2009). A Fearsome Heritage: Diverse Legacies of the Cold War. Left Coast Press.
  7. ^ a b Van Rhyn, Mark E. "Hiroshima, Bombing of". PBS. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  8. ^ a b Ide, Kanako (Winter 2007). "A Symbol of Peace and Peace Education: The Genbaku Dome in Hiroshima". Journal of Aesthetic Education. 4. 41: 12–23. Retrieved 10 February 2014. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall Memorial Plaque
  10. ^ Milam, Michael C. (July–August 2010). "Hiroshima and Nagasaki". Humanist. 70 (4). Buffalo, N.Y.: American Humanist Association and the American Ethical Union: 32–35.
  11. ^ "浜井信三". Nihon Jinmei Daijiten (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ WH Committee: Report of the 20th Session, Merida 1996

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome).

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