Syngonosaurus: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 7 templates: del empty params (4×); |
→History: Passages about Acanthopholis horridus are irrelevant because this article deals only with Syngonosaurus |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
==History== |
==History== |
||
[[File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (14155120849).jpg|thumb|250px|left|Sacral vertebra seen from two different angles; drawn in 1879 by Seeley himself<ref name=Seeley1879 />]] |
[[File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (14155120849).jpg|thumb|250px|left|Sacral vertebra seen from two different angles; drawn in 1879 by Seeley himself<ref name=Seeley1879 />]] |
||
Around 1865 commercial fossil collector [[John Griffiths (fossil collector)|John Griffiths]] found some dinosaurian remains, including [[osteoderm]]s, at the shoreline near [[Folkestone]] in [[Kent]], which he sold to the [[metallurgist]] Dr. [[John Percy (metallurgist)|John Percy]]. Percy brought them to the attention of [[Thomas Henry Huxley]], who paid Griffiths to dig up all fossils he could find at the site. Despite being hampered by the fact that it was located between the tidemarks, he managed to uncover several additional bones and parts of the body armour. |
|||
The [[type specimen]], which consists of several [[vertebra]]e and a single [[osteoderm]] (?), was found in the [[Chalk Group]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ethbridge|first=R.|date=1867|title=V.—On the Stratigraphical Position of Acanthopholis Horridus (Huxley)|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=4|issue=32|pages=67–69|doi=10.1017/S0016756800171031|issn=0016-7568|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2225947}}</ref> a formation itself dating to the [[Albian]] to [[Cenomanian]] [[faunal stage|stages]] around 105-100 million years ago (although the Chalk Group continued to be deposited until the [[Maastrichtian]], around 66 million years ago). |
|||
In 1869 [[Harry Govier Seeley]] named several new species of ''[[Acanthopholis]]'' based on remains from the [[Cambridge Greensand]]: ''Acanthopholis macrocercus'', based on specimens '''CAMSM B55570-55609'''; ''Acanthopholis platypus'' ('''CAMSM B55454-55461''');<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Seeley|first=H.G.|date=1871|title=XXXVII.— On Acanthopholis platypus (Seeley), a Pachypod from the Cambridge Upper Greensand|journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History|volume=8|issue=47|pages=305–318|doi=10.1080/00222937108696494|issn=0374-5481|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1665643}}</ref> and ''Acanthopholis stereocercus'' (CAMSM B55558 55569).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Seeley|first=H.G.|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Index_to_the_fossil_remains_of_aves_orni/o-YGAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=acanthopholis|title=Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia from the Secondary Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge|publisher=Deighton, Bell and Company|year=1869|pages=xvii}}</ref> Later, Seeley split the material of ''Acanthopholis stereocercus'' and based a new species of ''[[Anoplosaurus]]'' on part of it: ''Anoplosaurus major''. He also described a new species, ''Acanthopholis eucercus'', on the basis of six caudal vertebrae ('''CAMSM 55552-55557''').<ref name=Seeley1879>{{Cite journal|last=Seeley|first=H.G.|date=1879|title=On the Dinosauria of the Cambridge Greensand|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society|volume=35|issue=1–4|pages=591–636|doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.42|s2cid=129277596|issn=0370-291X|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2210518}}</ref> In 1902 however [[Franz Nopcsa]] changed it into another species of ''Acanthopholis'': ''Acanthopholis major''. Nopcsa at the same time renamed ''Anoplosaurus curtonotus'' into ''Acanthopholis curtonotus''. In 1879 Seeley named the genus ''Syngonosaurus'' based on part of the type material of ''A. macrocercus''.<ref name=Seeley1879 /> In 1956 [[Friedrich von Huene]] renamed ''A. platypus'' into ''[[Macrurosaurus]] platypus''.<ref>von Huene, F. (1956) "[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Palaeontologie_und_Phylogenie_der_nieder.html?id=0qklvwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Palaeontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden]"</ref> |
In 1869 [[Harry Govier Seeley]] named several new species of ''[[Acanthopholis]]'' based on remains from the [[Cambridge Greensand]]: ''Acanthopholis macrocercus'', based on specimens '''CAMSM B55570-55609'''; ''Acanthopholis platypus'' ('''CAMSM B55454-55461''');<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Seeley|first=H.G.|date=1871|title=XXXVII.— On Acanthopholis platypus (Seeley), a Pachypod from the Cambridge Upper Greensand|journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History|volume=8|issue=47|pages=305–318|doi=10.1080/00222937108696494|issn=0374-5481|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1665643}}</ref> and ''Acanthopholis stereocercus'' (CAMSM B55558 55569).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Seeley|first=H.G.|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Index_to_the_fossil_remains_of_aves_orni/o-YGAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=acanthopholis|title=Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia from the Secondary Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge|publisher=Deighton, Bell and Company|year=1869|pages=xvii}}</ref> Later, Seeley split the material of ''Acanthopholis stereocercus'' and based a new species of ''[[Anoplosaurus]]'' on part of it: ''Anoplosaurus major''. He also described a new species, ''Acanthopholis eucercus'', on the basis of six caudal vertebrae ('''CAMSM 55552-55557''').<ref name=Seeley1879>{{Cite journal|last=Seeley|first=H.G.|date=1879|title=On the Dinosauria of the Cambridge Greensand|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society|volume=35|issue=1–4|pages=591–636|doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.42|s2cid=129277596|issn=0370-291X|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2210518}}</ref> In 1902 however [[Franz Nopcsa]] changed it into another species of ''Acanthopholis'': ''Acanthopholis major''. Nopcsa at the same time renamed ''Anoplosaurus curtonotus'' into ''Acanthopholis curtonotus''. In 1879 Seeley named the genus ''Syngonosaurus'' based on part of the type material of ''A. macrocercus''.<ref name=Seeley1879 /> In 1956 [[Friedrich von Huene]] renamed ''A. platypus'' into ''[[Macrurosaurus]] platypus''.<ref>von Huene, F. (1956) "[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Palaeontologie_und_Phylogenie_der_nieder.html?id=0qklvwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Palaeontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden]"</ref> |
||
Revision as of 03:41, 30 January 2021
| Syngonosaurus Temporal range: late Albian
~ | |
|---|---|
| |
| Vertebra seen from two different angles | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Superorder: | |
| Order: | |
| Suborder: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Genus: | †Syngonosaurus Seeley, 1879
|
| Binomial name | |
| †Syngonosaurus macrocercus Seeley, 1879
| |
Syngonosaurus is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodontian discovered in England[1] and was first described in 1879. The type species, S. macrocercus, was described by British paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1879[2] and it was later synonymised with Acanthopholis, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.[3]
History
.jpg)
In 1869 Harry Govier Seeley named several new species of Acanthopholis based on remains from the Cambridge Greensand: Acanthopholis macrocercus, based on specimens CAMSM B55570-55609; Acanthopholis platypus (CAMSM B55454-55461);[4] and Acanthopholis stereocercus (CAMSM B55558 55569).[5] Later, Seeley split the material of Acanthopholis stereocercus and based a new species of Anoplosaurus on part of it: Anoplosaurus major. He also described a new species, Acanthopholis eucercus, on the basis of six caudal vertebrae (CAMSM 55552-55557).[2] In 1902 however Franz Nopcsa changed it into another species of Acanthopholis: Acanthopholis major. Nopcsa at the same time renamed Anoplosaurus curtonotus into Acanthopholis curtonotus. In 1879 Seeley named the genus Syngonosaurus based on part of the type material of A. macrocercus.[2] In 1956 Friedrich von Huene renamed A. platypus into Macrurosaurus platypus.[6]
In 1999 Xabier Pereda-Superbiola and Paul M. Barrett reviewed all Acanthopholis material. They concluded that all species were nomina dubia whose syntype specimens were composites of non-diagnostic ankylosaur and ornithopod remains; including Syngonosaurus.[7] Syngonosaurus was seen as an ankylosaur in both a 2001 publication[1] and a 2004 publication.[8] Syngonosaurus was synonymised with Acanthopholis in 1999, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.[3]
References
- ^ a b Carpenter, Kenneth (2001). "Phylogenetic Analysis of Ankylosauria". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.). The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press. pp. 455–480. ISBN 0-253-33964-2.
- ^ a b c d Seeley, H.G. (1879). "On the Dinosauria of the Cambridge Greensand". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 35 (1–4): 591–636. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.42. ISSN 0370-291X. S2CID 129277596.
- ^ a b Barrett, Paul M.; Bonsor, Joseph A. (2020). "A revision of the non-avian dinosaurs Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus and Syngonosaurus macrocercus from the Cambridge Greensand, UK". Cretaceous Research. 118: 104638. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104638.
- ^ Seeley, H.G. (1871). "XXXVII.— On Acanthopholis platypus (Seeley), a Pachypod from the Cambridge Upper Greensand". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (47): 305–318. doi:10.1080/00222937108696494. ISSN 0374-5481.
- ^ Seeley, H.G. (1869). Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia from the Secondary Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell and Company. pp. xvii.
- ^ von Huene, F. (1956) "Palaeontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden"
- ^ Superbiola, X.P.; Barrett, P.M. (1999). "A systematic review of ankylosaurian dinosaur remains from the Albian-Cenomanian of England". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 60: 177–208.
- ^ M. K. Vickaryous, T. Maryanska, and D. B. Weishampel. 2004. Ankylosauria. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 363-392