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Eristatakse keermestatud avaga kokku puutuvaid ja vahetult töökeskkonnaga kokku puutuvaid kruvisid. Keermestatud avaga puutuvad kokku näiteks [[kruvimehhanism|kruvi]]- ja [[ülekandemehhanism]]ide käigu- ja jõukruvid, [[mõõteriist]]ade kruvivarvad, seadekruvid ja lahtivõetavate liidete kinnituskruvid. Töökeskkonnaga puutuvad kokku [[veojõud]]u tekitavad kruvid, näiteks [[sõukruvi]]d, samuti [[pump]]ade, [[konveier]]ite ja [[segur]]ite kruvid, millega teisaldatakse või segatakse viskoosseid, tükk- ja puistematerjale.<ref name=Tehnikaleksikon/>
Eristatakse keermestatud avaga kokku puutuvaid ja vahetult töökeskkonnaga kokku puutuvaid kruvisid. Keermestatud avaga puutuvad kokku näiteks [[kruvimehhanism|kruvi]]- ja [[ülekandemehhanism]]ide käigu- ja jõukruvid, [[mõõteriist]]ade kruvivarvad, seadekruvid ja lahtivõetavate liidete kinnituskruvid. Töökeskkonnaga puutuvad kokku [[veojõud]]u tekitavad kruvid, näiteks [[sõukruvi]]d, samuti [[pump]]ade, [[konveier]]ite ja [[segur]]ite kruvid, millega teisaldatakse või segatakse viskoosseid, tükk- ja puistematerjale.<ref name=Tehnikaleksikon/>


==Kruvi tüübid==
Keermestatud kinnitusvahendeid on kahte tüüpi - terava otsaga kinniti ja lameda otsaga kinniti. Terava otsaga kinnitid on disainitud materjali läbistamiseks ja kinnitamiseks ilma eelnevalt auku puurimata, lameda otsaga kinnitid üldiselt kinnitatakse [[Mutter|mutriga]] või keeratakse ette puuritud auku.
===Kinnitid terava otsaga===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! style="width: 200px"| Nimetus !! | Kirjeldus
|-
| [[File:A screw 01.JPG|120px]] || plaadikruvi || Sarnane kipskruviga, erinevuseks on kitsam keerme osa, vastupidavam tõmbele ja nõrgem paindele. Keere on plaadikruvil asümmeetriline.
|-
| || {{visible anchor|betoonikruvi}} || [[Stainless steel|Roostevabast]] või süsinikterasest kruvi, millega kinnitatakse puitu, metalli või muud materjali betooni või müüritisse. Betoonikruvid on tavaliselt sinist värvi nii korrosiooni kaitsekihiga kui ka ilma. Tüüpiliselt peab betoonikruvile kõige pealt puurima augu ette, üldiselt lööktrelliga ning seejärel saab kinnitada sellega materjali
|-
| || põrandalaua kruvi <br />terassikruvi || Similar to drywall screw except that it has improved corrosion resistance and is generally supplied in a larger gauge. Most deck screws have a type-17 (auger type) thread cutting tip for installation into decking materials. They have bugle heads that allows the screw to depress the wood surface without breaking it.
|-
| [[File:Double screw dowel.png|15px]] || topelt keermega kruvi<br />tüüblikruvi || Similar to a wood screw but with two pointed ends and no head, used for making hidden joints between two pieces of wood.<br />A hanger bolt has wood screw threads on one end and machine threads on the other. A hanger bolt is used when it is necessary to fasten a metal part to a wood surface.
|-

| [[File:Screw.agr.jpg|120px]] || kipskruvi || Specialized screw with a bugle head that is designed to attach drywall to wood or metal studs, however it is a versatile construction fastener with many uses. The diameter of drywall screw threads is larger than the grip diameter.
|-
| [[File:Eye bolt wood thread.jpg|80px]] || konkskruvi <br /> silmuskruvi || Screw with a looped head. Larger ones are sometimes called lag eye screws. Designed to be used as attachment point, particularly for something that is hung from it.<br />A vine eye (in the UK at least) is similar to a screw eye, except that it has a proportionally longer shank and smaller looped head. As the term suggests vine eyes are often used for attaching wire lines across the surface of buildings so that climbing plants can attach themselves.
|-
| [[File:Tire-fond cropped.JPG|120px]] || kuuskant puidukruvi || Similar to a wood screw except that it is generally much larger running to lengths up to {{convert|15|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} with diameters from {{convert|0.25|–|0.5|in|mm|2|abbr=on}} in commonly available (hardware store) sizes (not counting larger mining and civil engineering lags and lag bolts) and it generally has a hexagonal drive head. Lag bolts are designed for securely fastening heavy timbers ([[Timber framing|post and beams]], timber railway trestles and bridges) to one another, or to fasten wood to masonry or concrete. The German standard is DIN 571, Hexagon head wood screws.

Lag bolts are usually used with an expanding insert called a lag in masonry or concrete walls, the lag manufactured with a hard metal jacket that bites into the sides of the drilled hole, and the inner metal in the lag being a softer alloy of lead, or zinc alloyed with soft iron. The coarse thread of a lag bolt and lag mesh and deform slightly making a secure near water tight anti-corroding mechanically strong fastening.
|-
| [[File:Mirror Screws.jpg|120px]]|| peeglikruvi || This is a flat-head wood screw with a tapped hole in the head, which receives a screw-in chrome-plated cover. It is usually used to mount a mirror.
|-
| [[File:Phillips screw.jpg|120px]] || {{visible anchor|plekikruvi}} || Has sharp threads that cut into a material such as sheet metal, plastic or wood. They are sometimes notched at the tip to aid in chip removal during thread cutting. The shank is usually threaded up to the head. Sheet metal screws make excellent fasteners for attaching metal hardware to wood because the fully threaded shank provides good retention in wood.
|-

| [[File:Screw for wood.JPG|120px]] || {{visible anchor|puidukruvi}} || A metal screw with a sharp point designed to attach two pieces of wood together. Wood screws are commonly available with flat, pan or oval-heads. A wood screw generally has a partially unthreaded shank below the head. The unthreaded portion of the shank is designed to slide through the top board (closest to the screw head) so that it can be pulled tight to the board to which it is being attached. Inch-sized wood screws in the U.S. are defined by ANSI-B18.6.1-1981(R2003), while in Germany they are defined by DIN 95 (Slotted raised countersunk (oval) head wood screws), DIN 96 (Slotted round head wood screws), and DIN 97 (Slotted countersunk (flat) head wood screws).
|-
| [[File:Securityscrew.jpg|120px]] ||turvakruvi|| These screws are use for security purposes and where vandalism and/or theft is likely. The head of this type of screw is impossible to reverse. It requires special tools or mechanisms like [[spanner]]s, tri-wings, [[torx]]es, square drivers, etc. In some screws, the head can be removed by breaking it after installing the screw.
|}



==Ajalugu<ref name="2019_11_18_History_of_the_Screwdriver">18. nov 2019, [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=R-mDqKtivuI&hd=1&hl=et&gl=EE& Robertson, Phillips, and the History of the Screwdriver]</ref>==
==Ajalugu<ref name="2019_11_18_History_of_the_Screwdriver">18. nov 2019, [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=R-mDqKtivuI&hd=1&hl=et&gl=EE& Robertson, Phillips, and the History of the Screwdriver]</ref>==

Revision as of 20:09, 19 May 2021

Valik eri suuruses ja laadis kruvisid eri otstarveteks

Kruvi on keermestatud silindriline või harvem kooniline kinnitusvahend. Kruvi keere moodustab sageli kruvipinna.[1]

Sageli on kruvi väliskeere mõeldud ühtima sellele vastava sisekeermega mutris või muus objektis, kuid see võib ka lõigata keermega ava pehmesse materjali. Eelkõige tarvitatakse kruvisid asjade ühendamiseks ja paigutamiseks. Tavaliselt on kruvidel pea: lame või kumer ots, mis jääb kruvi paigaldamisel pinnale või selle kohale ning milles võivad olla sisselõiked, mille abil kruvi keeratakse.

Kruvisid kasutatakse kruviliidetes. Need on lahtivõetavad liited, erinevalt näiteks neetliitest ja keevisliitest, mis ei ole lahtivõetavad.

Eristatakse keermestatud avaga kokku puutuvaid ja vahetult töökeskkonnaga kokku puutuvaid kruvisid. Keermestatud avaga puutuvad kokku näiteks kruvi- ja ülekandemehhanismide käigu- ja jõukruvid, mõõteriistade kruvivarvad, seadekruvid ja lahtivõetavate liidete kinnituskruvid. Töökeskkonnaga puutuvad kokku veojõudu tekitavad kruvid, näiteks sõukruvid, samuti pumpade, konveierite ja segurite kruvid, millega teisaldatakse või segatakse viskoosseid, tükk- ja puistematerjale.[1]


Kruvi tüübid

Keermestatud kinnitusvahendeid on kahte tüüpi - terava otsaga kinniti ja lameda otsaga kinniti. Terava otsaga kinnitid on disainitud materjali läbistamiseks ja kinnitamiseks ilma eelnevalt auku puurimata, lameda otsaga kinnitid üldiselt kinnitatakse mutriga või keeratakse ette puuritud auku.

Kinnitid terava otsaga

Nimetus Kirjeldus
plaadikruvi Sarnane kipskruviga, erinevuseks on kitsam keerme osa, vastupidavam tõmbele ja nõrgem paindele. Keere on plaadikruvil asümmeetriline.
betoonikruvi Roostevabast või süsinikterasest kruvi, millega kinnitatakse puitu, metalli või muud materjali betooni või müüritisse. Betoonikruvid on tavaliselt sinist värvi nii korrosiooni kaitsekihiga kui ka ilma. Tüüpiliselt peab betoonikruvile kõige pealt puurima augu ette, üldiselt lööktrelliga ning seejärel saab kinnitada sellega materjali
põrandalaua kruvi
terassikruvi
Similar to drywall screw except that it has improved corrosion resistance and is generally supplied in a larger gauge. Most deck screws have a type-17 (auger type) thread cutting tip for installation into decking materials. They have bugle heads that allows the screw to depress the wood surface without breaking it.
topelt keermega kruvi
tüüblikruvi
Similar to a wood screw but with two pointed ends and no head, used for making hidden joints between two pieces of wood.
A hanger bolt has wood screw threads on one end and machine threads on the other. A hanger bolt is used when it is necessary to fasten a metal part to a wood surface.
kipskruvi Specialized screw with a bugle head that is designed to attach drywall to wood or metal studs, however it is a versatile construction fastener with many uses. The diameter of drywall screw threads is larger than the grip diameter.
konkskruvi
silmuskruvi
Screw with a looped head. Larger ones are sometimes called lag eye screws. Designed to be used as attachment point, particularly for something that is hung from it.
A vine eye (in the UK at least) is similar to a screw eye, except that it has a proportionally longer shank and smaller looped head. As the term suggests vine eyes are often used for attaching wire lines across the surface of buildings so that climbing plants can attach themselves.
kuuskant puidukruvi Similar to a wood screw except that it is generally much larger running to lengths up to 15 in (381 mm) with diameters from 0.25–0.5 in (6.35–12.70 mm) in commonly available (hardware store) sizes (not counting larger mining and civil engineering lags and lag bolts) and it generally has a hexagonal drive head. Lag bolts are designed for securely fastening heavy timbers (post and beams, timber railway trestles and bridges) to one another, or to fasten wood to masonry or concrete. The German standard is DIN 571, Hexagon head wood screws.

Lag bolts are usually used with an expanding insert called a lag in masonry or concrete walls, the lag manufactured with a hard metal jacket that bites into the sides of the drilled hole, and the inner metal in the lag being a softer alloy of lead, or zinc alloyed with soft iron. The coarse thread of a lag bolt and lag mesh and deform slightly making a secure near water tight anti-corroding mechanically strong fastening.

peeglikruvi This is a flat-head wood screw with a tapped hole in the head, which receives a screw-in chrome-plated cover. It is usually used to mount a mirror.
plekikruvi Has sharp threads that cut into a material such as sheet metal, plastic or wood. They are sometimes notched at the tip to aid in chip removal during thread cutting. The shank is usually threaded up to the head. Sheet metal screws make excellent fasteners for attaching metal hardware to wood because the fully threaded shank provides good retention in wood.
puidukruvi A metal screw with a sharp point designed to attach two pieces of wood together. Wood screws are commonly available with flat, pan or oval-heads. A wood screw generally has a partially unthreaded shank below the head. The unthreaded portion of the shank is designed to slide through the top board (closest to the screw head) so that it can be pulled tight to the board to which it is being attached. Inch-sized wood screws in the U.S. are defined by ANSI-B18.6.1-1981(R2003), while in Germany they are defined by DIN 95 (Slotted raised countersunk (oval) head wood screws), DIN 96 (Slotted round head wood screws), and DIN 97 (Slotted countersunk (flat) head wood screws).
turvakruvi These screws are use for security purposes and where vandalism and/or theft is likely. The head of this type of screw is impossible to reverse. It requires special tools or mechanisms like spanners, tri-wings, torxes, square drivers, etc. In some screws, the head can be removed by breaking it after installing the screw.


Ajalugu[2]

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