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Coordinates: 23°14′13″N 76°01′08″E / 23.237°N 76.0189°E / 23.237; 76.0189
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'''Kaytha''' or '''Kayatha''' is a village and an archaeological site in the [[Ujjain district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], in the [[Tarana (Madhya Pradesh)|Tarana]] [[tehsil]], near the city of Ujjain, on the banks of Choti-Kali Sindh river. It is an archeologically and mythologically important village where several excavations have revealed cultures dating back to more than 4000 years,<ref name="Dhavalikar & Ansari">{{cite book|authors=MK Dhawalikar & ZD Ansari|title=Excavations at Kayatha|year=1975|publisher=Lokasangraha Press|location=Pune|language=en}}</ref>
'''Kaytha''' or '''Kayatha''' is a village and an archaeological site in the [[Ujjain district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], in the [[Tarana (Madhya Pradesh)|Tarana]] [[tehsil]], near the city of Ujjain, on the banks of Choti-Kali Sindh river. It is an archeologically and mythologically important village where several excavations have revealed cultures dating back to more than 4000 years,<ref name="Dhavalikar & Ansari">{{cite book|authors=MK Dhawalikar & ZD Ansari|title=Excavations at Kayatha|year=1975|publisher=Lokasangraha Press|location=Pune|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Sharma & Mishra">{{cite book|authors=RK Sharma & OP Misra|title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publication|location=New Delhi|language=en}}</ref> also said to be the birthplace of [[Chitragupt]], a Hindu deity, in Southern scriptures and of [[Varahamihira]], a ancient Indian astronomer.<ref name=Sahay>{{cite book|last=Sahay|first=Uday|title=Kayasth Encyclopedia|publisher=SAUV communications|year=2021|isbn=978-81-941122-3-5|location=Delhi|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Sharma & Mishra">{{cite book|authors=RK Sharma & OP Misra|title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publication|location=New Delhi|language=en}}</ref> also said to be the birthplace of [[Chitragupt]], a Hindu deity, in Southern scriptures and of [[Varahamihira]], a ancient Indian astronomer.<ref name=Sahay>{{cite book|last=Sahay|first=Uday|title=Kayasth Encyclopedia|publisher=SAUV communications|year=2021|isbn=978-81-941122-3-5|location=Delhi|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Sharma & Misra">{{cite book|authors=RK Sharma & OP Misra|title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh|year=2003|isbn=81-7099-874-3|publisher=Mittal Publication|location=New Delhi|language=en}}</ref> The archeologically important '''Kayatha culture''' was discovered by V.S. Wakankar in 1964
<ref name="Sharma & Misra">{{cite book|authors=RK Sharma & OP Misra|title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh|year=2003|isbn=81-7099-874-3|publisher=Mittal Publication|location=New Delhi|language=en}}</ref> The archeologically important '''Kayatha culture''' was discovered by [[V. S. Wakankar]] in 1964
<ref name="ICAR">{{cite book|author=Mohinder Singh Randhawa|title=A History of Agriculture in India: Beginning to 12th century|year=1980|publisher=Indian Council of Agricultural Research|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ICAR">{{cite book|author=Mohinder Singh Randhawa|title=A History of Agriculture in India: Beginning to 12th century|year=1980|publisher=Indian Council of Agricultural Research|language=en}}</ref>


Revision as of 15:37, 1 August 2021

Kaytha
Kayatha
village
Kaytha is located in Madhya Pradesh
Kaytha
Kaytha
Coordinates: 23°14′13″N 76°01′08″E / 23.237°N 76.0189°E / 23.237; 76.0189
CountryIndia
StateMadhya Pradesh
DistrictUjjain
TehsilTarana
Elevation
495 m (1,624 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total8,040
Language
 • OfficialHindi[1]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeMP-IN
Census code471803

Kaytha or Kayatha is a village and an archaeological site in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh, India, in the Tarana tehsil, near the city of Ujjain, on the banks of Choti-Kali Sindh river. It is an archeologically and mythologically important village where several excavations have revealed cultures dating back to more than 4000 years,[2] [3] also said to be the birthplace of Chitragupt, a Hindu deity, in Southern scriptures and of Varahamihira, a ancient Indian astronomer.[4] [5] The archeologically important Kayatha culture was discovered by V. S. Wakankar in 1964 [6]

Archaeology

Several Chalcolithic sites, with four occupational phases,[7] have been discovered in the Malwa region of central India. The site at Kayatha, situated on the right bank of the Choti Kali Sindh river (a tributary of Chambal river), is the type site of this culture, known as "Kayatha culture".[8]

Excavations conducted by V. S. Wakankar (1965–66), and by M. K. Dhavalikar and Z. D. Ansari (1968) revealed layers from five different periods:[8]

  1. Kayatha culture
  2. Ahar culture
  3. Malwa culture
  4. Early historical culture
  5. Sunga-Kushan-Gupta culture

The Kayatha culture represents the earliest known agriculture settlement in the present-day Malwa region. It also featured advanced copper metallurgy and stone blade industry. Using calibrated radiocarbon, Dhavalikar dated this culture to a period spanning from 2400 BCE to 2000 BCE. However, calibrated dates by Gregory Possehl place it between 2200 BCE and 2000 BCE.[9]

Excavation at Kayatha in 1964-65, revealed the Kayatha culture dates much earlier than the Malwa culture.[10] An interesting aspect is that the earliest occupants used triangular terracota cake-like objects, stone weights, buff ware etc.[11] Depictions of bull, deer, panther and elephants have been discovered later.[2] Interestingly, a clay figure of horse has also been discovered.[6]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kaytha has a population of 8040, including 4143 males and 3897 females. The sex ratio of the village is 955. The effective literacy rate (excluding children below 6) is 70.5%.[12]

References

  1. ^ "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  2. ^ a b Excavations at Kayatha. Pune: Lokasangraha Press. 1975. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. New Delhi: Mittal Publication. 2003. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Sahay, Uday (2021). Kayasth Encyclopedia. Delhi: SAUV communications. ISBN 978-81-941122-3-5.
  5. ^ Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. New Delhi: Mittal Publication. 2003. ISBN 81-7099-874-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  6. ^ a b Mohinder Singh Randhawa (1980). A History of Agriculture in India: Beginning to 12th century. Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
  7. ^ K Roy (2009). Historical Dictionary of Ancient India. Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-5366-3.
  8. ^ a b Ranjit Pratap Singh (2008). Vinod Chandra Srivastava (ed.). History of Agriculture in India, Up to C. 1200 A.D. Concept. p. 310. ISBN 9788180695216.
  9. ^ P. K. Basant (2012). The City and the Country in Early India: A Study of Malwa. Primus. pp. 78–81. ISBN 9789380607153.
  10. ^ RA Sharma (1991). Technology and Material Life of Central India: From Chalcolithic Period to Mauryan Period. Agam Kala Prakashan.
  11. ^ Archaeological Survey of India (1993). Indian Archaeology. Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India.
  12. ^ "District Census Handbook: Ujjain" (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
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