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The Akebono satellite, also known as EXOS-D previous to its launch, is a satellite designed to study the Earth’s [[magnetosphere]] and [[aurora]] (polar lights).<ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Akebono (satellite)|date=2021-01-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akebono_(satellite)&oldid=1003895463|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-10-20}}</ref> [8] Akebono was developed by the Japanese national research organization of astrophysics: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and was first launched on February 22, 1989. The satellite operates through eight instruments on board as well as additional facilities to assist the operation of the instruments. |
The Akebono satellite, also known as EXOS-D previous to its launch, is a satellite designed to study the Earth’s [[magnetosphere]] and [[aurora]] (polar lights).<ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Akebono (satellite)|date=2021-01-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akebono_(satellite)&oldid=1003895463|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-10-20}}</ref> [8] Akebono was developed by the Japanese national research organization of astrophysics: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and was first launched on February 22, 1989. The satellite operates through eight instruments on board as well as additional facilities to assist the operation of the instruments. |
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by the M-3SII-4 launch vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center (USC).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=JAXA {{!}} Aurora Observation Satellite "AKEBONO" (EXOS-D)|url=https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/akebono/|access-date=2021-10-20|website=JAXA {{!}} Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency|language=en}}</ref> [9] |
by the M-3SII-4 launch vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center (USC).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=JAXA {{!}} Aurora Observation Satellite "AKEBONO" (EXOS-D)|url=https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/akebono/|access-date=2021-10-20|website=JAXA {{!}} Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency|language=en}}</ref> [9] |
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Revision as of 21:29, 28 October 2021
The Akebono satellite, also known as EXOS-D previous to its launch, is a satellite designed to study the Earth’s magnetosphere and aurora (polar lights).[1] [8] Akebono was developed by the Japanese national research organization of astrophysics: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and was first launched on February 22, 1989. The satellite operates through eight instruments on board as well as additional facilities to assist the operation of the instruments.
History
Origin
Termination
by the M-3SII-4 launch vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center (USC).[2] [9]
The expected target life of the satellite was a year, but remained in operation for over 26 years.[2] [9]
Akebono, meaning “the dawn”, is the fourth satellite within the EXOS series of satellites that were launched by ISAS to investigate the Earth’s upper atmosphere. [3][11] The satellite’s intention is dedicated to studying auroral particle acceleration as well as related over the polar region.[4][12] For maximum data coverage, four ground stations track Akebono’s path[3]11]:
- The Kagoshima Space Center (Japan)
- Esrange Space Center (Sweden)
- Prince Albert Satellite Station (Canada)
- Syowa station (Antarctica)
Components
The 8 instruments onboard the Akebono include:
Electric Field Detector (EFD)
Electric field detector
(measures the vector electric field through standard double probe technique as well as new ion beam technique)[5][4]
Magnetic Field Detector (MGF)
A magnetometer is a device used to measure magnetic fields. Akebono carries both triaxial [three directions] search coil and triaxial fluxgate magnetometers. Fluxgate is used for vector magnetic fields while search coils measure low frequency magnetic field fluctuations and waves. The search coil sensor is mounted on a 3-m mast and the fluxgate on a 5-m mast, both masts are extendable. [3] [13]
Very Low Frequency Plasma Wave Detectors (VLF)
Plasma Wave Detectors in High Frequency Range and Sounder (PWS)
Low Energy Particle Spectra Analyzer (LEP)
Supra Thermal Mass Spectrometer (SMS)
Thermal Electron Detectors (TED)
Auroral Television Camera (ATV)
Akebono carries both search coil and triaxial fluxgate magnetometers (a device that measures magnetic field) along with sensors mounted on the 5-m and 3-m masts, respectively. [6][3]
To improve the quality of the electric field measurement, the satellite's surface is designed conductive to decrease possible electrical disturbances surrounding Akebono.[3]
To support the operation of the instruments, the satellite contains: [subcategory]
Two sets of 60 m tip-to-tip wire antennas
One three-axial loop antenna with a 60 cm X 60cm rectangular shaped winding
5m and 3m extensible masts
A despun-mirror system
Observations
Akebono’s orbit covers a vast region of the plasmasphere. From 500 to 10,500 kilometers.[7] [1]
observed by the Akebono satellite in the altitude region around 3200–10,000 km (L= 1.5–3.4) in 1989 and 1990, which is the highest altitude where at which M/Q = 2 ion cyclotron whistlers have been observed till date. We discuss the ion concentration in the inner magnetosphere estimated from crossover frequencies of ion cyclotron whistlers observed by Akebono. [Need to work on revising this area, just have trouble with keeping it accurate]
Termination?
See Also
References
- ^ "Akebono (satellite)", Wikipedia, 2021-01-31, retrieved 2021-10-20
- ^ a b "JAXA | Aurora Observation Satellite "AKEBONO" (EXOS-D)". JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ a b c Tsuruda, K.; Oya, H. (1991). "Introduction to the EXOS-D (Akebono) Project". Geophysical Research Letters. 18 (2): 293–295. doi:10.1029/91GL00039. ISSN 1944-8007.
- ^ Miyake, W.; Miyoshi, Y.; Matsuoka, A. (2015-12-01). "An empirical modeling of spatial distribution of trapped protons from solar cell degradation of the Akebono satellite". Advances in Space Research. 56 (11): 2575–2581. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2015.10.021. ISSN 0273-1177.
- ^ Hayakawa, H.; Okada, T.; Ejiri, M.; Kadokura, A.; Kohno, Y.-I.; Maezawa, K.; Machida, S.; Matsuoka, A.; Mukai, T.; Nakamura, M.; Nishida, A. (1990). "Electric Field Measurement on the Akebono (EXOS-D) Satellite". Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity. 42 (4): 371–384. doi:10.5636/jgg.42.371.
- ^ Fukunishi, H.; Fujii, R.; Kokubun, S.; Hayashi, K.; Tohyama, T.; Tonegawa, Y.; Okano, S.; Sugiura, M.; Yumoto, K.; Aoyama, I.; Sakurai, T. (1990). "Magnetic Field Observations on the Akebono (EXOS-D) Satellite". Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity. 42 (4): 385–409. doi:10.5636/jgg.42.385.
- ^ Matsuda, Shoya; Kasahara, Yoshiya; Goto, Yoshitaka (2015). "M/Q = 2 ion distribution in the inner magnetosphere estimated from ion cyclotron whistler waves observed by the Akebono satellite". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 120 (4): 2783–2795. doi:10.1002/2014JA020972. ISSN 2169-9402.