Privilege (law): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Ferdinando III d'Asburgo – Privilegium comitatus palatinus et militiae auratae a Ferdinando Tertio, 1653 – BEIC 15136770.jpg|thumb|''Privilegium comitatus palatinus et militiae auratae a Ferdinando Tertio'', 1653. This privilege was granted by [[Ferdinand III of Habsburg]], emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to the important College of physicians of Milan, Italy.]] |
[[File:Ferdinando III d'Asburgo – Privilegium comitatus palatinus et militiae auratae a Ferdinando Tertio, 1653 – BEIC 15136770.jpg|thumb|''Privilegium comitatus palatinus et militiae auratae a Ferdinando Tertio'', 1653. This privilege was granted by [[Ferdinand III of Habsburg]], emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to the important College of physicians of Milan, Italy.]] |
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'''privilege''' is a certain entitlement to [[immunity from prosecution|immunity]] granted by the state or another authority to a restricted group, either by birth or on a conditional basis. Land-titles and [[taxi medallion]]s are examples of transferable privilege – they can be revoked in certain circumstances. In modern democratic states, a ''privilege'' is conditional and granted only after birth. By contrast, a ''[[right]]'' is an inherent, irrevocable entitlement held by all citizens or all human beings from the moment of birth. Various Examples of old [[common law]] privilege still exist – to title deeds, for example.<ref>Suzanna McNichol, ''The Law of Privilege'' (1st ed., 1992)</ref> Etymologically, a privilege (''privilegium'') means a "private law", or rule relating to a specific individual or institution. |
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The principles of conduct that members of the legal profession observe in their practice are called legal ethics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legal ethics|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/legal-ethics|access-date=2021-07-30|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> |
The principles of conduct that members of the legal profession observe in their practice are called legal ethics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legal ethics|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/legal-ethics|access-date=2021-07-30|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> |
Revision as of 05:37, 26 January 2022
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (June 2009) |
privilege is a certain entitlement to immunity granted by the state or another authority to a restricted group, either by birth or on a conditional basis. Land-titles and taxi medallions are examples of transferable privilege – they can be revoked in certain circumstances. In modern democratic states, a privilege is conditional and granted only after birth. By contrast, a right is an inherent, irrevocable entitlement held by all citizens or all human beings from the moment of birth. Various Examples of old common law privilege still exist – to title deeds, for example.[1] Etymologically, a privilege (privilegium) means a "private law", or rule relating to a specific individual or institution.
The principles of conduct that members of the legal profession observe in their practice are called legal ethics.[2]
Boniface's abbey of Fulda, to cite an early and prominent example, was granted privilegium, setting the abbot in direct contact with the pope, bypassing the jurisdiction of the local bishop.
One of the objectives of the French Revolution was the abolition of privilege. This meant the removal of separate laws for different social classes (nobility, clergy, and ordinary people), instead subjecting everyone to the same common law. Such privileges were abolished by the National Constituent Assembly on August 4, 1789.
See also
- Executive privilege
- Parliamentary privilege
- Privilege (canon law)
- Privilege (evidence)
- Privilège du blanc
- Privilege of peerage
- Privilege (social inequality)
- Szlachta's privileges
References
- ^ Suzanna McNichol, The Law of Privilege (1st ed., 1992)
- ^ "Legal ethics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-30.