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{{Short description|Indian American Solar Physicist}}
{{Short description|Indian American Solar Physicist}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2022}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2022}}
'''Dr Natchimuthuk “Nat” Gopalswamy''' is an Indian American Solar physicist. He is currently a staff scientist at the [[Heliophysics Science Division|Heliophysics Division]] of [[NASA]]’s [[Goddard Space Flight Center]].
'''Dr Natchimuthuk “Nat” Gopalswamy''' is an Indian American [[Solar physics|Solar physicist]]. He is currently a staff scientist at the [[Heliophysics Science Division|Heliophysics Division]] of [[NASA]]’s [[Goddard Space Flight Center]].


== Background and scientific career ==
== Background and scientific career ==
{{no refs|section|date=July 2022}}
{{no refs|section|date=July 2022}}
Gopalswamy completed a BSc and MSc in physics at the [[University of Madras]] in 1975 and 1977, respectively. These were followed by a PhD at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 1982. He took up research positions at the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], Bengaluru, working on radio observations of the Sun, followed by [[Kodaikanal Solar Observatory]]. In 1985 he moved to the [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]], working on solar radio bursts, before moving to NASA [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] in 1997, with a joint research professor position at [[Catholic University of America]]. He focused on [[coronal mass ejection]]s (CMEs) and the relation to [[Solar radio emission|solar radio bursts]].
Gopalswamy completed a BSc and MSc in physics at the [[University of Madras]] in 1975 and 1977, respectively. These were followed by a PhD at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 1982. He took up research positions at the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], Bengaluru, working on radio observations of the Sun at the [[Kodaikanal Solar Observatory]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Thejappa |first2=G. |last3=Sastry |first3=Ch. V. |title=Observations and interpretation of solar decametric absorption bursts |journal=Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy |date=September 1983 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=215–224 |doi=10.1007/BF02714909}}</ref>. In 1985 he moved to the [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]], working on solar radio bursts <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Kundu |first2=M. R. |title=Large scale structures associated with eruptive flares and radio waves |journal=Eruptive Solar Flares |date=1992 |volume=399 |pages=207–213 |doi=10.1007/3-540-55246-4_100}}</ref>, before moving to NASA [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] in 1997, with a joint research professor position at [[Catholic University of America]]. He focused on [[coronal mass ejection]]s (CMEs) and the relation to [[Solar radio emission|solar radio bursts]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Yashiro |first2=S. |last3=Temmer |first3=M. |last4=Davila |first4=J. |last5=Thompson |first5=W. T. |last6=Jones |first6=S. |last7=McAteer |first7=R. T. J. |last8=Wuelser |first8=J.-P. |last9=Freeland |first9=S. |last10=Howard |first10=R. A. |title=EUV WAVE REFLECTION FROM A CORONAL HOLE |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=1 February 2009 |volume=691 |issue=2 |pages=L123–L127 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L123}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Yashiro |first2=S. |last3=Akiyama |first3=S. |last4=Mäkelä |first4=P. |last5=Xie |first5=H. |last6=Kaiser |first6=M. L. |last7=Howard |first7=R. A. |last8=Bougeret |first8=J. L. |title=Coronal mass ejections, type II radio bursts, and solar energetic particle events in the SOHO era |journal=Annales Geophysicae |date=15 October 2008 |volume=26 |issue=10 |pages=3033–3047 |doi=10.5194/angeo-26-3033-2008}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=Nat |last2=Li |first2=Gang |last3=Hu |first3=Qiang |last4=Verkhoglyadova |first4=Olga |last5=Zank |first5=Gary P. |last6=Lin |first6=R. P. |last7=Luhmann |first7=J. |title=Type II Radio Emission and Solar Energetic Particle Events |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |date=2008 |volume=1039 |pages=196–202 |doi=10.1063/1.2982445}}</ref>.


== Research interests ==
== Research interests ==
Gopalswamy's primary research interest is solar eruptive phenomenon and their relation to radio bursts and energetic particles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Nat Gopalswamy {{!}} CPAESS - Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science |url=https://cpaess.ucar.edu/jack-eddy-host/dr-nat-gopalswamy |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=cpaess.ucar.edu}}</ref> His scientific publications have attracted more than 20,000 citations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Nat Gopalswamy |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9Ij22FkAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> His early work focussed on multi-wavelength observations of CMEs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gopalswamy |first=N. |date=2005 |title=Type II radio bursts and energetic solar eruptions |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005JA011158 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |language=en |volume=110 |issue=A12 |pages=A12S07 |doi=10.1029/2005JA011158 |bibcode=2005JGRA..11012S07G |issn=0148-0227|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/367614/meta |language=en |doi=10.1086/367614|title=Prominence Eruptions and Coronal Mass Ejection: A Statistical Study Using Microwave Observations |year=2003 |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Shimojo |first2=M. |last3=Lu |first3=W. |last4=Yashiro |first4=S. |last5=Shibasaki |first5=K. |last6=Howard |first6=R. A. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=586 |issue=1 |pages=562–578 |bibcode=2003ApJ...586..562G |s2cid=119654267 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio 'screams' from the Sun warn of radiation storms |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Radio_screams_from_the_Sun_warn_of_radiation_storms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> More recently, his work with the [[Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph|Large-angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph]] (LASCO) aboard the [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory]] (SOHO) spacecraft is of particular note.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Phillips |first1=Dr Tony |last2=NASA |title=Carrington-class CME narrowly misses Earth |url=https://phys.org/news/2014-05-carrington-class-cme-narrowly-earth.html |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> He maintains the widely used catalogue of LASCO-observed CMEs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOHO LASCO CME CATALOG - CDAW DATA CENTER |url=https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/ |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Activity And Space Weather - SpaceRef |url=http://spaceref.com/space-weather-2/solar-activity-and-space-weather.html |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=spaceref.com|date=10 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-07 |title=La Tierra esquivó en 2012 una tormenta solar catastrófica |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/ciencia/201405/07/tierra-esquivo-2012-tormenta-20140507145316-rc.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2F |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=El Correo |language=es-ES}}</ref> This long-term dataset has allowed the link between the approximately 11-year [[solar cycle]] and CMEs to be better understood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-11-24 |title=Sun 'sheds its skin like a snake' |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3226844.stm |access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-17 |title=Petrified tree rings tell ancient tale of sun's behavior |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/petrified-tree-rings-tell-ancient-tale-suns-behavior |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=Science News |language=en-US}}</ref> During the [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|2017 solar eclipse]], he led a team making [[Spectroscopy|spectroscopic]] measurements of the [[Stellar corona|solar corona]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barry |first=Rebecca |date=2018-08-21 |title=What we learned about the sun from the 2017 solar eclipse |url=https://www.news4jax.com/weather/2018/08/21/what-we-learned-about-the-sun-from-the-2017-solar-eclipse/ |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=WJXT |language=en}}</ref>
Gopalswamy's primary research interest is solar eruptive phenomenon and their relation to radio bursts and energetic particles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Nat Gopalswamy {{!}} CPAESS - Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science |url=https://cpaess.ucar.edu/jack-eddy-host/dr-nat-gopalswamy |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=cpaess.ucar.edu}}</ref> His scientific publications have attracted more than 20,000 citations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Nat Gopalswamy |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9Ij22FkAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> His early work focussed on multi-wavelength observations of CMEs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gopalswamy |first=N. |date=2005 |title=Type II radio bursts and energetic solar eruptions |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005JA011158 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |language=en |volume=110 |issue=A12 |pages=A12S07 |doi=10.1029/2005JA011158 |bibcode=2005JGRA..11012S07G |issn=0148-0227|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/367614/meta |language=en |doi=10.1086/367614|title=Prominence Eruptions and Coronal Mass Ejection: A Statistical Study Using Microwave Observations |year=2003 |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Shimojo |first2=M. |last3=Lu |first3=W. |last4=Yashiro |first4=S. |last5=Shibasaki |first5=K. |last6=Howard |first6=R. A. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=586 |issue=1 |pages=562–578 |bibcode=2003ApJ...586..562G |s2cid=119654267 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio 'screams' from the Sun warn of radiation storms |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Radio_screams_from_the_Sun_warn_of_radiation_storms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> More recently, his work with the [[Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph|Large-angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph]] (LASCO) aboard the [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory]] (SOHO) spacecraft is of particular note.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Phillips |first1=Dr Tony |last2=NASA |title=Carrington-class CME narrowly misses Earth |url=https://phys.org/news/2014-05-carrington-class-cme-narrowly-earth.html |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> He maintains the widely used catalogue of LASCO-observed CMEs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOHO LASCO CME CATALOG - CDAW DATA CENTER |url=https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/ |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Activity And Space Weather - SpaceRef |url=http://spaceref.com/space-weather-2/solar-activity-and-space-weather.html |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=spaceref.com|date=10 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-07 |title=La Tierra esquivó en 2012 una tormenta solar catastrófica |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/ciencia/201405/07/tierra-esquivo-2012-tormenta-20140507145316-rc.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2F |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=El Correo |language=es-ES}}</ref> This long-term dataset has allowed the link between the approximately 11-year [[solar cycle]] and CMEs to be better understood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-11-24 |title=Sun 'sheds its skin like a snake' |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3226844.stm |access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-17 |title=Petrified tree rings tell ancient tale of sun's behavior |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/petrified-tree-rings-tell-ancient-tale-suns-behavior |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=Science News |language=en-US}}</ref> During the [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|2017 solar eclipse]], he led a team making [[Spectroscopy|spectroscopic]] measurements of the [[Stellar corona|solar corona]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barry |first=Rebecca |date=2018-08-21 |title=What we learned about the sun from the 2017 solar eclipse |url=https://www.news4jax.com/weather/2018/08/21/what-we-learned-about-the-sun-from-the-2017-solar-eclipse/ |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=WJXT |language=en}}</ref>
He is the PI of The Balloon-Borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Newmark |first2=J. |last3=Yashiro |first3=S. |last4=Mäkelä |first4=P. |last5=Reginald |first5=N. |last6=Thakur |first6=N. |last7=Gong |first7=Q. |last8=Kim |first8=Y.-H. |last9=Cho |first9=K.-S. |last10=Choi |first10=S.-H. |last11=Baek |first11=J.-H. |last12=Bong |first12=S.-C. |last13=Yang |first13=H.-S. |last14=Park |first14=J.-Y. |last15=Kim |first15=J.-H. |last16=Park |first16=Y.-D. |last17=Lee |first17=J.-O. |last18=Kim |first18=R.-S. |last19=Lim |first19=E.-K. |title=The Balloon-Borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE): Mission Description and Preliminary Results |journal=Solar Physics |date=January 2021 |volume=296 |issue=1 |page=1 |pages=15 |doi=10.1007/s11207-020-01751-8 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SoPh..296...15G/exportcitation}}</ref>. He is also the Co-I of [[STEREO|STEREO WAVES, STEREO/SECCHI/COR1]] instruments.
He is the PI of The Balloon-Borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalswamy |first1=N. |last2=Newmark |first2=J. |last3=Yashiro |first3=S. |last4=Mäkelä |first4=P. |last5=Reginald |first5=N. |last6=Thakur |first6=N. |last7=Gong |first7=Q. |last8=Kim |first8=Y.-H. |last9=Cho |first9=K.-S. |last10=Choi |first10=S.-H. |last11=Baek |first11=J.-H. |last12=Bong |first12=S.-C. |last13=Yang |first13=H.-S. |last14=Park |first14=J.-Y. |last15=Kim |first15=J.-H. |last16=Park |first16=Y.-D. |last17=Lee |first17=J.-O. |last18=Kim |first18=R.-S. |last19=Lim |first19=E.-K. |title=The Balloon-Borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE): Mission Description and Preliminary Results |journal=Solar Physics |date=January 2021 |volume=296 |issue=1 |page=1 |pages=15 |doi=10.1007/s11207-020-01751-8 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SoPh..296...15G/exportcitation}}</ref>. He is also the Co-I of [[STEREO| Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory
(STEREO) WAVES, and Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) white-light coronagraph COR1]] instruments.




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Gopalswamy has received several prestigious awards and honours, some of which are listed below:
Gopalswamy has received several prestigious awards and honours, some of which are listed below:


Elected as [https://council.science/about-us/fellows/ Fellow] of the International Science Council in 2022
2019 [[Doctor Honoris Causa]], [[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikonomov |first=Nikolay |title=BAS awarded the Doctor Honoris Causa honorary title to Dr. Nat Gopalswamy – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.bas.bg/?p=27704&lang=en |access-date=2022-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>
2019 [[Doctor Honoris Causa]], [[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikonomov |first=Nikolay |title=BAS awarded the Doctor Honoris Causa honorary title to Dr. Nat Gopalswamy – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.bas.bg/?p=27704&lang=en |access-date=2022-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>


Revision as of 15:51, 13 February 2023

Nat Gopal
Dr Natchimuthuk “Nat” Gopalswamy
NationalityIndian American
Alma materIndian Institute of Science (IISc)
OccupationSolar Physicist
Years active1977 - Present
OrganizationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Known forExceptional contributions in the field of solar eruptions and their space weather consequences
AwardsLifetime achievement award, Elavenil-Indian Science and Technology Association, 2021, AGU/SPA Richard Carrington Award 2019, NASA’s John C. Lindsay Memorial Award for Space Science 2017, others
Websitehttps://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/bio/natchimuthuk.gopalswamy-1


Dr Natchimuthuk “Nat” Gopalswamy is an Indian American Solar physicist. He is currently a staff scientist at the Heliophysics Division of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.

Background and scientific career

Gopalswamy completed a BSc and MSc in physics at the University of Madras in 1975 and 1977, respectively. These were followed by a PhD at the Indian Institute of Science in 1982. He took up research positions at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru, working on radio observations of the Sun at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory[1]. In 1985 he moved to the University of Maryland, working on solar radio bursts [2], before moving to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 1997, with a joint research professor position at Catholic University of America. He focused on coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the relation to solar radio bursts[3] [4] [5].

Research interests

Gopalswamy's primary research interest is solar eruptive phenomenon and their relation to radio bursts and energetic particles.[6] His scientific publications have attracted more than 20,000 citations.[7] His early work focussed on multi-wavelength observations of CMEs.[8][9][10] More recently, his work with the Large-angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft is of particular note.[11] He maintains the widely used catalogue of LASCO-observed CMEs.[12][13][14] This long-term dataset has allowed the link between the approximately 11-year solar cycle and CMEs to be better understood.[15][16] During the 2017 solar eclipse, he led a team making spectroscopic measurements of the solar corona.[17] He is the PI of The Balloon-Borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE)[18]. He is also the Co-I of Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) WAVES, and Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) white-light coronagraph COR1 instruments.


Outreach Activities

Gopalswamy has been conducting numerous outreach activities and have initiated programs to benefit researchers all across the globe. He is the Executive director of the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) since 2013. He initiated the SCOSTEP Visiting Scholar (SVS) program in 2015 while president of the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) in 2015.


Awards and honours

Gopalswamy has received several prestigious awards and honours, some of which are listed below:

Elected as Fellow of the International Science Council in 2022 2019 Doctor Honoris Causa, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[19]

2019 American Geophysical Union Richard Carrington Award[20][21]

2016 Elected American Geophysical Union Fellow[22][23][24]

2011 Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) President[25]

2010 Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) Distinguished Lecturer, 2010[26]

2009 Elected president of International Astronomical Union Commission 49 (interplanetary plasma and heliosphere)[27]

2007 Associate editor for Geophysical Research Letters

2006 Editorial board for Sun and Geosphere[28]

2000 Associate editor of Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)[29]

1996 Elected fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan

References

  1. ^ Gopalswamy, N.; Thejappa, G.; Sastry, Ch. V. (September 1983). "Observations and interpretation of solar decametric absorption bursts". Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 4 (3): 215–224. doi:10.1007/BF02714909.
  2. ^ Gopalswamy, N.; Kundu, M. R. (1992). "Large scale structures associated with eruptive flares and radio waves". Eruptive Solar Flares. 399: 207–213. doi:10.1007/3-540-55246-4_100.
  3. ^ Gopalswamy, N.; Yashiro, S.; Temmer, M.; Davila, J.; Thompson, W. T.; Jones, S.; McAteer, R. T. J.; Wuelser, J.-P.; Freeland, S.; Howard, R. A. (1 February 2009). "EUV WAVE REFLECTION FROM A CORONAL HOLE". The Astrophysical Journal. 691 (2): L123–L127. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L123.
  4. ^ Gopalswamy, N.; Yashiro, S.; Akiyama, S.; Mäkelä, P.; Xie, H.; Kaiser, M. L.; Howard, R. A.; Bougeret, J. L. (15 October 2008). "Coronal mass ejections, type II radio bursts, and solar energetic particle events in the SOHO era". Annales Geophysicae. 26 (10): 3033–3047. doi:10.5194/angeo-26-3033-2008.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Gopalswamy, Nat; Li, Gang; Hu, Qiang; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Zank, Gary P.; Lin, R. P.; Luhmann, J. (2008). "Type II Radio Emission and Solar Energetic Particle Events". AIP Conference Proceedings. 1039: 196–202. doi:10.1063/1.2982445.
  6. ^ "Dr. Nat Gopalswamy | CPAESS - Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science". cpaess.ucar.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  7. ^ "Dr. Nat Gopalswamy". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  8. ^ Gopalswamy, N. (2005). "Type II radio bursts and energetic solar eruptions". Journal of Geophysical Research. 110 (A12): A12S07. Bibcode:2005JGRA..11012S07G. doi:10.1029/2005JA011158. ISSN 0148-0227.
  9. ^ Gopalswamy, N.; Shimojo, M.; Lu, W.; Yashiro, S.; Shibasaki, K.; Howard, R. A. (2003). "Prominence Eruptions and Coronal Mass Ejection: A Statistical Study Using Microwave Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 586 (1): 562–578. Bibcode:2003ApJ...586..562G. doi:10.1086/367614. S2CID 119654267.
  10. ^ "Radio 'screams' from the Sun warn of radiation storms". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  11. ^ Phillips, Dr Tony; NASA. "Carrington-class CME narrowly misses Earth". phys.org. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  12. ^ "SOHO LASCO CME CATALOG - CDAW DATA CENTER". cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  13. ^ "Solar Activity And Space Weather - SpaceRef". spaceref.com. 10 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  14. ^ "La Tierra esquivó en 2012 una tormenta solar catastrófica". El Correo (in European Spanish). 2014-05-07. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  15. ^ "Sun 'sheds its skin like a snake'". 2003-11-24. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  16. ^ "Petrified tree rings tell ancient tale of sun's behavior". Science News. 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  17. ^ Barry, Rebecca (2018-08-21). "What we learned about the sun from the 2017 solar eclipse". WJXT. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  18. ^ Gopalswamy, N.; Newmark, J.; Yashiro, S.; Mäkelä, P.; Reginald, N.; Thakur, N.; Gong, Q.; Kim, Y.-H.; Cho, K.-S.; Choi, S.-H.; Baek, J.-H.; Bong, S.-C.; Yang, H.-S.; Park, J.-Y.; Kim, J.-H.; Park, Y.-D.; Lee, J.-O.; Kim, R.-S.; Lim, E.-K. (January 2021). "The Balloon-Borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the Corona (BITSE): Mission Description and Preliminary Results". Solar Physics. 296 (1): 1. doi:10.1007/s11207-020-01751-8. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  19. ^ Ikonomov, Nikolay. "BAS awarded the Doctor Honoris Causa honorary title to Dr. Nat Gopalswamy – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences". Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  20. ^ AGU (2020-09-16). "Gopalswamy Receives 2019 Space Physics and Aeronomy Richard Carrington Education and Public Outreach Award". Eos. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  21. ^ "2019 AGU Section Awardees and Named Lecturers". Eos. 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  22. ^ "Gopalswamy |". honors.agu.org. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  23. ^ Hille, Karl (2016-12-14). "Four NASA Scientists Honored as AGU Fellows". NASA. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  24. ^ "American Geophysical Union Announces 2016 Fellows". AGU Newsroom. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  25. ^ "SCOSTEP's 15th Quadrennial Solar-Terrestrial Physics Symposium (STP-15), Alibag, India February 21-25, 2022 | SolarNews". solarnews.nso.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  26. ^ "AOGS Natural Hazards distinguished lecturers".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  28. ^ "BBC SWS Regional Network SUN and GEOSPHERE". www.sungeosphere.org. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  29. ^ "Gopalswamy biography - NASA.gov".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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