Krotite: Difference between revisions
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Krotite was reported in 2011<ref name=AmMin>{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Chi|last2=Kampf|first2=Anthony R. |last3=Connolly Jr. |first3=Harold C. |last4=Beckett |first4=John R. |last5=Rossman |first5=George R. |last6=Sweeney Smith |first6=Stuart A. |last7=Schrader |first7=Devin L. |title = Krotite, CaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, a new refractory mineral from the NWA 1934 meteorite|journal=American Mineralogist |volume=96 |pages=709–715 |date=2011|url = http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/2011/MJ11.html |doi=10.2138/am.2011.3693 |issue=5–6|bibcode=2011AmMin..96..709M |s2cid=8236133}}</ref> in a [[calcium-aluminium-rich inclusion]] (CAI) in the [[carbonaceous chondrite]] [[meteorite]] NWA (North West Africa) 1934, which landed in [[Morocco]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kitv.com/news/27977944/detail.html|title=Honolulu, Hawaii news, sports & weather - KITV Channel 4}}</ref> The mineral name was approved by the [[International Mineralogical Association]] (IMA 2010-038)<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/CNMNC%20NEWSLETTER%205.pdf|title = New minerals approved by the IMA-CNMNC in September 2010|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|date=2010|volume=74|issue=5|pages=899–902|author=P. A. Williams|doi = 10.1180/S0026461X00056036|s2cid = 232394841|display-authors=etal}}</ref> and honors Alexander N. Krot, a researcher in [[cosmochemistry]] at the [[University of Hawaii at Manoa]] in Honolulu, Hawaii.<ref name=Cosmosparks/> |
Krotite was reported in 2011<ref name=AmMin>{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Chi|last2=Kampf|first2=Anthony R. |last3=Connolly Jr. |first3=Harold C. |last4=Beckett |first4=John R. |last5=Rossman |first5=George R. |last6=Sweeney Smith |first6=Stuart A. |last7=Schrader |first7=Devin L. |title = Krotite, CaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, a new refractory mineral from the NWA 1934 meteorite|journal=American Mineralogist |volume=96 |pages=709–715 |date=2011|url = http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/2011/MJ11.html |doi=10.2138/am.2011.3693 |issue=5–6|bibcode=2011AmMin..96..709M |s2cid=8236133}}</ref> in a [[calcium-aluminium-rich inclusion]] (CAI) in the [[carbonaceous chondrite]] [[meteorite]] NWA (North West Africa) 1934, which landed in [[Morocco]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kitv.com/news/27977944/detail.html|title=Honolulu, Hawaii news, sports & weather - KITV Channel 4}}</ref> The mineral name was approved by the [[International Mineralogical Association]] (IMA 2010-038)<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/CNMNC%20NEWSLETTER%205.pdf|title = New minerals approved by the IMA-CNMNC in September 2010|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|date=2010|volume=74|issue=5|pages=899–902|author=P. A. Williams|doi = 10.1180/S0026461X00056036|s2cid = 232394841|display-authors=etal}}</ref> and honors Alexander N. Krot, a researcher in [[cosmochemistry]] at the [[University of Hawaii at Manoa]] in Honolulu, Hawaii.<ref name=Cosmosparks/> |
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Researchers have found that the mineral, which has the same atomic arrangement as a man-made component of some types of [[concrete]], forms under low [[pressure]] at a [[temperature]] of at least {{convert|1500|C|F|abbr=on}}. These conditions of high temperature and low pressure are consistent with a hypothesis that the krotite grains found in the meteorite formed as high-temperature [[Condensation reaction|condensate]]s from the [[solar nebula]] from which the [[Solar System]] formed, approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Thus, they are likely to be among the earliest minerals formed in the solar system.<ref>{{citation|title = Paper announces discovery of 1 of earliest minerals formed in solar system|publisher = Eurekalert|date = May 6, 2011|url = http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-05/nhmo-pad050611.php}}</ref> |
Researchers have found that the mineral, which has the same atomic arrangement as a man-made component of some types of [[concrete]] (specifically, [[calcium aluminate cements]]), forms under low [[pressure]] at a [[temperature]] of at least {{convert|1500|C|F|abbr=on}}. These conditions of high temperature and low pressure are consistent with a hypothesis that the krotite grains found in the meteorite formed as high-temperature [[Condensation reaction|condensate]]s from the [[solar nebula]] from which the [[Solar System]] formed, approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Thus, they are likely to be among the earliest minerals formed in the solar system.<ref>{{citation|title = Paper announces discovery of 1 of earliest minerals formed in solar system|publisher = Eurekalert|date = May 6, 2011|url = http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-05/nhmo-pad050611.php}}</ref> |
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The CAI containing the krotite was said to resemble a "cracked egg" because its rim was crosscut by cracks filled with [[iron hydroxide|iron]] and [[aluminum hydroxide]]s. Researchers suggest that the mineral assemblage in the CAI was at one time surrounded by a hot [[gas]] that reacted with krotite crystals on the surface of the CAI. It is likely that cracks on this rim of the CAI were filled with hydrated oxides as a result of [[weathering]] that occurred after the meteorite landed on Earth.<ref name=Cosmosparks>{{citation|last=Martel |first=Linda|title = Discovery of New Mineral, Krotite, in a CAI|publisher = Planetary Science Research Discoveries, CosmoSparks Report|date = May 6, 2011|url = http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/CosmoSparks/May11/krotite.html}}</ref> |
The CAI containing the krotite was said to resemble a "cracked egg" because its rim was crosscut by cracks filled with [[iron hydroxide|iron]] and [[aluminum hydroxide]]s. Researchers suggest that the mineral assemblage in the CAI was at one time surrounded by a hot [[gas]] that reacted with krotite crystals on the surface of the CAI. It is likely that cracks on this rim of the CAI were filled with hydrated oxides as a result of [[weathering]] that occurred after the meteorite landed on Earth.<ref name=Cosmosparks>{{citation|last=Martel |first=Linda|title = Discovery of New Mineral, Krotite, in a CAI|publisher = Planetary Science Research Discoveries, CosmoSparks Report|date = May 6, 2011|url = http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/CosmoSparks/May11/krotite.html}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 20:23, 29 March 2023
| Krotite | |
|---|---|
| General | |
| Category | Oxide mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | CaAl2O4 |
| IMA symbol | Kro[1] |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | P21/n |
| Unit cell | a = 8.6996(3) Å b = 8.0994(3) Å c = 15.2170(11) Å β = 90.188(6)°; Z = 12 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless |
| Mohs scale hardness | 6.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent |
| Specific gravity | 2.94 |
| References | [2][3] |
Krotite is a natural mineral composed of calcium, aluminium and oxygen, with the molecular formula CaAl2O4. It is the low-pressure dimorph of CaAl2O4, of which the high-pressure dimorph is named dmitryivanovite.
Krotite was reported in 2011[3] in a calcium-aluminium-rich inclusion (CAI) in the carbonaceous chondrite meteorite NWA (North West Africa) 1934, which landed in Morocco.[4] The mineral name was approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 2010-038)[5] and honors Alexander N. Krot, a researcher in cosmochemistry at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu, Hawaii.[6]
Researchers have found that the mineral, which has the same atomic arrangement as a man-made component of some types of concrete (specifically, calcium aluminate cements), forms under low pressure at a temperature of at least 1,500 °C (2,730 °F). These conditions of high temperature and low pressure are consistent with a hypothesis that the krotite grains found in the meteorite formed as high-temperature condensates from the solar nebula from which the Solar System formed, approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Thus, they are likely to be among the earliest minerals formed in the solar system.[7]
The CAI containing the krotite was said to resemble a "cracked egg" because its rim was crosscut by cracks filled with iron and aluminum hydroxides. Researchers suggest that the mineral assemblage in the CAI was at one time surrounded by a hot gas that reacted with krotite crystals on the surface of the CAI. It is likely that cracks on this rim of the CAI were filled with hydrated oxides as a result of weathering that occurred after the meteorite landed on Earth.[6]
Associated minerals include perovskite, gehlenite, hercynite, mayenite, grossite, hibonite, spinel and diopside.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Krotite, Mindat.org
- ^ a b c Ma, Chi; Kampf, Anthony R.; Connolly Jr., Harold C.; Beckett, John R.; Rossman, George R.; Sweeney Smith, Stuart A.; Schrader, Devin L. (2011). "Krotite, CaAl2O4, a new refractory mineral from the NWA 1934 meteorite". American Mineralogist. 96 (5–6): 709–715. Bibcode:2011AmMin..96..709M. doi:10.2138/am.2011.3693. S2CID 8236133.
- ^ "Honolulu, Hawaii news, sports & weather - KITV Channel 4".
- ^ P. A. Williams; et al. (2010). "New minerals approved by the IMA-CNMNC in September 2010" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 74 (5): 899–902. doi:10.1180/S0026461X00056036. S2CID 232394841.
- ^ a b Martel, Linda (May 6, 2011), Discovery of New Mineral, Krotite, in a CAI, Planetary Science Research Discoveries, CosmoSparks Report
- ^ Paper announces discovery of 1 of earliest minerals formed in solar system, Eurekalert, May 6, 2011