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In 2023, ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'''s Benji Jones wrote the phrase "weather whiplash" had been in use for ten years or more,<ref name="Welcome to the era of weather whiplash" /> but, in a 2021 study in the ''[[International Journal of Climatology]]'', Cameron C. Lee characterized the phenomenon as then gaining prominence in both academia and the press.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Cameron C. |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Weather whiplash: Trends in rapid temperature changes in a warming climate |url=https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.7458 |journal=[[International Journal of Climatology]] |volume=42 |issue=8 |pages=4214–4222 |doi=10.1002/joc.7458 |issn=0899-8418 |via=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]}}</ref> As of 2019, there was no formal scientific definition for weather whiplash.<ref name="How Climate Change May Affect Winter Weather Whiplash">{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Chelsea |date=February 11, 2019 |title=How Climate Change May Affect Winter "Weather Whiplash" |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-climate-change-may-affect-winter-weather-whiplash/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113095339/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-climate-change-may-affect-winter-weather-whiplash/ |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Scientific American]]}}</ref> |
In 2023, ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'''s Benji Jones wrote the phrase "weather whiplash" had been in use for ten years or more,<ref name="Welcome to the era of weather whiplash" /> but, in a 2021 study in the ''[[International Journal of Climatology]]'', Cameron C. Lee characterized the phenomenon as then gaining prominence in both academia and the press.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Cameron C. |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Weather whiplash: Trends in rapid temperature changes in a warming climate |url=https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.7458 |journal=[[International Journal of Climatology]] |volume=42 |issue=8 |pages=4214–4222 |doi=10.1002/joc.7458 |issn=0899-8418 |via=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]}}</ref> As of 2019, there was no formal scientific definition for weather whiplash.<ref name="How Climate Change May Affect Winter Weather Whiplash">{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Chelsea |date=February 11, 2019 |title=How Climate Change May Affect Winter "Weather Whiplash" |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-climate-change-may-affect-winter-weather-whiplash/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113095339/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-climate-change-may-affect-winter-weather-whiplash/ |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Scientific American]]}}</ref> |
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Weather whiplash was observed amid the [[2022 European heat waves]], which parched France in one of its worst ever recorded droughts and caused the driest July for decades in England, then broke with heavy rain and flooding,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Chelsea |date=August 30, 2022 |title='Weather Whiplash' Withers, then Drowns Areas Worldwide |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weather-whiplash-withers-then-drowns-areas-worldwide/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203224001/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weather-whiplash-withers-then-drowns-areas-worldwide/ |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Scientific American]]}}</ref> and rains the same summer during the [[Southwestern North American megadrought]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=August 23, 2022 |title=Weather whiplash: Summer lurches from drought to flood |url=https://apnews.com/article/summer-weather-whiplash-6d6858c5b0b90e8ce7fd61d85d7610f4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413010738/https://apnews.com/article/summer-weather-whiplash-6d6858c5b0b90e8ce7fd61d85d7610f4 |archive-date=April 13, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> In late 2022 and early 2023, the phenomenon again struck North America as |
Weather whiplash was observed amid the [[2022 European heat waves]], which parched France in one of its worst ever recorded droughts and caused the driest July for decades in England, then broke with heavy rain and flooding,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Chelsea |date=August 30, 2022 |title='Weather Whiplash' Withers, then Drowns Areas Worldwide |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weather-whiplash-withers-then-drowns-areas-worldwide/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203224001/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weather-whiplash-withers-then-drowns-areas-worldwide/ |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Scientific American]]}}</ref> and rains the same summer during the [[Southwestern North American megadrought]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=August 23, 2022 |title=Weather whiplash: Summer lurches from drought to flood |url=https://apnews.com/article/summer-weather-whiplash-6d6858c5b0b90e8ce7fd61d85d7610f4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413010738/https://apnews.com/article/summer-weather-whiplash-6d6858c5b0b90e8ce7fd61d85d7610f4 |archive-date=April 13, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> In late 2022 and early 2023, the phenomenon again struck North America as [[December 2022 North American winter storm#Cold wave|record cold around Christmas]] receded into record heat in January,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 5, 2023 |title=Weather Whiplash |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/150797/weather-whiplash |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401154223/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/150797/weather-whiplash |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |website=[[NASA Earth Observatory]]}}</ref> which in early February became [[2022-23 North American winter#Early February cold wave|even more extreme cold]] across the [[Northeastern United States]].<ref>[https://www.silive.com/weather/2023/02/arctic-blast-to-deliver-dangerously-low-temperatures-to-nyc-says-national-weather-service-forecaster.html Arctic blast to deliver dangerously-low temperatures to NYC, says National Weather Service forecaster], Silive, February 2, 2023</ref> In the US state of [[California]] swung from an extreme drought to flooding caused by [[atmospheric river]]s.<ref name="Welcome to the era of weather whiplash" /> |
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Weather whiplash can also bring false springs, or winter warm spells that conceal a freeze following them, and freak snowstorms early in the season; both can disrupt agriculture and the electrical grid.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=S. |date=December 21, 2018 |title=Drastic Shifts in Weather Give People "Winter Weather Whiplash" |url=http://eos.org/articles/drastic-shifts-in-weather-give-people-winter-weather-whiplash |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=[[Eos (magazine)|Eos]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchfield |first=John |date=April 21, 2023 |title=Climate Friday {{!}} What are the dangers of a spring freeze for farmers? |url=https://www.wtol.com/article/weather/climate-friday/climate-change-spring-freezing-temperatures-farmers/512-70b8fec0-f51e-45a3-b014-a92fb4e108d6 |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=[[WTOL]]}}</ref> |
Weather whiplash can also bring false springs, or winter warm spells that conceal a freeze following them, and freak snowstorms early in the season; both can disrupt agriculture and the electrical grid.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=S. |date=December 21, 2018 |title=Drastic Shifts in Weather Give People "Winter Weather Whiplash" |url=http://eos.org/articles/drastic-shifts-in-weather-give-people-winter-weather-whiplash |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=[[Eos (magazine)|Eos]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchfield |first=John |date=April 21, 2023 |title=Climate Friday {{!}} What are the dangers of a spring freeze for farmers? |url=https://www.wtol.com/article/weather/climate-friday/climate-change-spring-freezing-temperatures-farmers/512-70b8fec0-f51e-45a3-b014-a92fb4e108d6 |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=[[WTOL]]}}</ref> |
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A study in 2018 found a likelihood both extremes of precipitation would increase in California, increasing the chances of very wet years following very dry years and vice versa.<ref name="How Climate Change May Affect Winter Weather Whiplash" /> |
A study in 2018 found a likelihood both extremes of precipitation would increase in California, increasing the chances of very wet years following very dry years and vice versa.<ref name="How Climate Change May Affect Winter Weather Whiplash" /> |
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== Proposed links to climate change == |
== Proposed links to climate change == |
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Revision as of 21:16, 19 May 2023
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The 2020–2023 North American drought in Los Angeles, September 2022.
Weather whiplash is the phenomenon of rapid swings between extremes in weather,[1] which some scientists argue is caused by climate change.[1][2][3]
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Occurrence
In 2023, Vox's Benji Jones wrote the phrase "weather whiplash" had been in use for ten years or more,[1] but, in a 2021 study in the International Journal of Climatology, Cameron C. Lee characterized the phenomenon as then gaining prominence in both academia and the press.[4] As of 2019, there was no formal scientific definition for weather whiplash.[5]
Weather whiplash was observed amid the 2022 European heat waves, which parched France in one of its worst ever recorded droughts and caused the driest July for decades in England, then broke with heavy rain and flooding,[6] and rains the same summer during the Southwestern North American megadrought.[3] In late 2022 and early 2023, the phenomenon again struck North America as record cold around Christmas receded into record heat in January,[7] which in early February became even more extreme cold across the Northeastern United States.[8] In the US state of California swung from an extreme drought to flooding caused by atmospheric rivers.[1]
Weather whiplash can also bring false springs, or winter warm spells that conceal a freeze following them, and freak snowstorms early in the season; both can disrupt agriculture and the electrical grid.[9][10]
A study in 2018 found a likelihood both extremes of precipitation would increase in California, increasing the chances of very wet years following very dry years and vice versa.[5]
Proposed links to climate change
The polar vortex drives fluctuations in winter temperatures in the middle latitudes. Climatologist Judah Cohen and others proposed climate change in the Arctic was causing the vortex to waver, bringing cold air south to the Midwestern United States, which was then replaced by warm tropical air. They said this would increase the frequency of such whiplash in the future.[5] Cohen acknowledged this remained a minority viewpoint as of 2023.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e Jones, Benji (January 11, 2023). "Welcome to the era of weather whiplash". Vox. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
- ^ Ramirez, Rachel (October 23, 2021). "Weather whiplash: A series of storms could ease California drought, but also unleash flood hazards". CNN. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Borenstein, Seth (August 23, 2022). "Weather whiplash: Summer lurches from drought to flood". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
- ^ Lee, Cameron C. (June 30, 2022). "Weather whiplash: Trends in rapid temperature changes in a warming climate". International Journal of Climatology. 42 (8): 4214–4222. doi:10.1002/joc.7458. ISSN 0899-8418 – via Wiley.
- ^ a b c Harvey, Chelsea (February 11, 2019). "How Climate Change May Affect Winter "Weather Whiplash"". Scientific American. Archived from the original on November 13, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
- ^ Harvey, Chelsea (August 30, 2022). "'Weather Whiplash' Withers, then Drowns Areas Worldwide". Scientific American. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
- ^ "Weather Whiplash". NASA Earth Observatory. January 5, 2023. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
- ^ Arctic blast to deliver dangerously-low temperatures to NYC, says National Weather Service forecaster, Silive, February 2, 2023
- ^ Bates, S. (December 21, 2018). "Drastic Shifts in Weather Give People "Winter Weather Whiplash"". Eos. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Burchfield, John (April 21, 2023). "Climate Friday | What are the dangers of a spring freeze for farmers?". WTOL. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)