Hypersonic weapon: Difference between revisions
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* [[Fattah (missile)|Fattah]] - On February 25, 2023 the [[Islamic Revolution Guards Corps]] Aerospace Commander Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh claimed that home-made hypersonic ballistic missiles can fly at Mach 12-13 and enjoy advanced technologies to penetrate all types of air defense shields.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IRGC Aerospace Commander: Iran's Hypersonic Ballistic Missile Moves at Mach 12-13 {{!}} Farsnews Agency |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/en/news/14011206000134/IRGC-Aerspace-Cmmander-Iran%27s-Hypersnic-Ballisic-Missile-Mves-a-Mach |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=www.farsnews.ir}}</ref> It was unveiled in 6 June.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=سپاه پاسداران در مراسمی با حضور ابراهیم رئیسی از «موشک هایپرسونیک فتاح» رونمایی کرد |url=https://www.iranintl.com/202306069264 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=ایران اینترنشنال |language=fa}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 15:47, 6 June 2023
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A hypersonic weapon is a weapon capable of travelling at hypersonic speed, defined as between 5 and 25 times the speed of sound or about 1 to 5 miles per second (1.6 to 8.0 km/s).[1]
Below such speeds, weapons would be characterized as subsonic or supersonic, while above such speeds, the molecules of the atmosphere disassociate into a plasma which makes control and communication difficult. Directed-energy weapons such as lasers may operate at higher speeds but are considered a different class of weaponry.
There are multiple types of hypersonic weapon:
- hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV): missile warheads which maneuver and glide through the atmosphere at high speeds after an initial ballistic launch phase[2][1]
- hypersonic cruise missile: cruise missiles which use air-breathing engines such as scramjets to reach high speeds[2][1]
- hypersonic aircraft using air-breathing engines such as scramjets to reach high speeds[1]
- guns which fire cannon-launched guided projectiles. These may be developments of traditional artillery or novel technologies such as railguns.[1]
- ballistic missiles traveling at high speeds during its atmospheric reentry
History
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2023) |
The Silbervogel was the first design for a hypersonic weapon, made by German scientists in the 1930s.[3]
In the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia was seen to have fielded operational weapons and used them for combat. The Kremlin presents new hypersonic weapons as capable of overcoming "any" foreign missile-defense systems, with the "pre-nuclear deterrence" concept contained in its 2014 iteration of the official Russian Military Doctrine.[4]
By country
See also Hypersonic flight#Hypersonic weapons, National Defense Space Architecture
Plans, programs and projects for such weaponry include:
Multinational
China
Brazil
Iran
- Fattah - On February 25, 2023 the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps Aerospace Commander Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh claimed that home-made hypersonic ballistic missiles can fly at Mach 12-13 and enjoy advanced technologies to penetrate all types of air defense shields.[5] It was unveiled in 6 June.[6]
India
North Korea
Russia
France
- VMaX (Véhicule Manœuvrant Expérimental) HGV
- VMaX-2 HGV
- ASN4G (Air-Sol Nucléaire de 4e Génération) air-launched cruise missile (to succeed the ASMP in the pre-strategic deterrence role)
Germany
Japan
- Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile
- Hypersonic Cruise Missile (HCM)[10]
South Korea
- Hycore cruise missile
- Hyunmoo IV-4
- Hyunmoo V
United States
- AGM-183 ARRW – an Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon or "Arrow" (Air Force) (Cancelled)
- Boeing X-51 Waverider
- Cannon-Caliber Electromagnetic Gun launcher
- DARPA Falcon Project (Hypersonic Weapon System (HWS))
- GAM-87 Skybolt (Cancelled)
- Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile (Air Force)
- Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (Army) and Conventional Prompt Strike (Navy) boost-glide system, both will use the same Common-Hypersonic Glide Body HGV
- OpFires (DARPA)
- Hypersonic Air-Launched Offensive Anti-Surface Warfare (HALO) air-launched anti-ship missile under Offensive Anti-Surface Warfare Increment 2 (OASuW Inc 2) program (Navy)[11][12]
- Prompt Global Strike (Advanced Hypersonic Weapon)
Hypersonic missile defense
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2023) |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e John T. Watts; Christian Trotti; Mark J. Massa (August 2020), Primer on Hypersonic Weapons in the Indo-Pacific Region (PDF), Atlantic Council, ISBN 978-1-61977-111-6
- ^ a b "'National pride is at stake.' Russia, China, United States race to build hypersonic weapons". www.science.org. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ David Wright; Cameron Tracy (1 August 2021), "Overhyped: The Physics and Hype of Hypersonic Weapons", Scientific American, 325 (2): 64–71
- ^ McDermott, Roger (4 February 2022). "The Role of Hypersonic Weapons in Russian Military Strategy". The Jamestown Foundation.
- ^ "IRGC Aerospace Commander: Iran's Hypersonic Ballistic Missile Moves at Mach 12-13 | Farsnews Agency". www.farsnews.ir. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ "سپاه پاسداران در مراسمی با حضور ابراهیم رئیسی از «موشک هایپرسونیک فتاح» رونمایی کرد". ایران اینترنشنال (in Persian). 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R45811.pdf
- ^ https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/23688406/r45811.pdf
- ^ "Institute of Structures and Design".
- ^ https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/23688406/r45811.pdf
- ^ "HALO programme accelerates US Navy hypersonic capability drive". 5 September 2022.
- ^ https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/navy/2018oasuw.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155650-680
This article incorporates public domain material from Kelley M. Sayler. Hypersonic Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
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