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== History ==
== History ==
Bhakti Marga means "Path of Devotion".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Hindu spiritual group moves into former West Elmira Catholic Church |url=https://www.mytwintiers.com/news-cat/local-news/hindu-spiritual-group-moves-into-former-west-elmira-catholic-church/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=WETM - MyTwinTiers.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hinduism - Karma, Samsara, Moksha {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/Karma-samsara-and-moksha |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Bhakti Marga devotees follow a modern disciplic line called Hari Bhakta Sampradaya. ''[[Hari]]'' means 'God', more specifically [[Vishnu]]. ''[[Bhakti|Bhakta]]'' means 'lovers' and ''[[Sampradaya]]'' means 'lineage of teachings'. The sampradaya has been viewed as a combination of the teachings of various [[Vedanta|vedantic]] saints, mainly [[Mahavatar Babaji]], [[Ramanuja|Ramanujacharya]] and [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].
Bhakti Marga means "Path of Devotion".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Hindu spiritual group moves into former West Elmira Catholic Church |url=https://www.mytwintiers.com/news-cat/local-news/hindu-spiritual-group-moves-into-former-west-elmira-catholic-church/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=WETM - MyTwinTiers.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hinduism - Karma, Samsara, Moksha {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/Karma-samsara-and-moksha |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Bhakti Marga devotees follow a modern disciplic line called Hari Bhakta Sampradaya. [[Hari]] means 'God', more specifically [[Vishnu]]. [[Bhakti|Bhakta]] means 'lovers' and [[Sampradaya]] means 'lineage of teachings'. The sampradaya has been viewed as a combination of the teachings of various [[Vedanta|vedantic]] saints, mainly [[Mahavatar Babaji]], [[Ramanuja|Ramanujacharya]] and [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].


Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda arrived in the West in the year of 2004 and settled in a house in Steffenshof, Germany with a small group of followers. He later established the organsiation in 13 June 2005 at the age of 27. He began the movement by travelling the world to give ''[[Darshan (Indian religions)|darshans]]'', lead pilgrimages, build communities, and to initiate monks into the Bhakti Marga spiritual lineage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-23 |title=Meet Paramahamsa Vishwananda, Revolutionary Guru Who Is Travelling All Around World Giving Darshans Since Age of 15 Years {{!}} 🌎 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/world/meet-paramahamsa-vishwananda-revolutionary-guru-who-is-travelling-all-around-world-giving-darshans-since-age-of-15-years-4875172.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=Darshan with Sri Swami Vishwananda in Guwahati |url=https://assamtimes.org/node/8993 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Assam Times |language=en}}</ref> The first Bhakti Marga commune, Shree Peetha Nilaya, opened to the public in 2013 in Heidenrod, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Paramahamsa Vishwananda’s enlightenment and his early years |url=https://www.apnnews.com/paramahamsa-vishwanandas-enlightenment-and-his-early-years/ |website=APN News}}</ref> Following Paramahamsa Vishwananda’s lead, additional ''ashrams'' have been built by the organization's swamis around the world such as ''ashrams'' in India (Vrindavan)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kriya Yoga And Spiritual Guru Paramahamsa Vishwananda To Visit India, Here’s How You Can Seek His Blessings |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/kriya-yoga-and-spiritual-guru-paramahamsa-vishwananda-to-visit-india-heres-how-you-can-seek-his-blessings |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>, Latvia (Riga) and Russia (Moscow). By the end of 2022 Bhakti Marga had around 10,000 followers<ref name="focus">{{cite news |author=''Focus-Online'' staff |date=19 August 2023 |title=Mitten im Taunus baut Hindu-Guru via Tiktok seine Sekte auf |trans-title=In the middle of the Taunus, the Hindu guru is building up his sect via Tiktok |newspaper=Focus-Online |url=https://www.focus.de/panorama/welt/sass-schon-wegen-reliquien-klau-im-knast-mitten-im-taunus-baut-hindu-guru-via-tiktok-seine-sekte-auf_id_202150086.html |access-date=August 27, 2023}}</ref> and between 30 and 50 ashrams worldwide.<ref name="faz">{{cite news |last=Maus |first=Robert |date=10 September 2018 |title=Der Ashram im Taunus |language=de |trans-title=Ashram in Taunus |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/hindu-tempel-der-bhakti-marga-hat-hauptsitz-in-hessen-15779772.html}}</ref>
Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda arrived in the West in the year of 2004 and settled in a house in Steffenshof, Germany with a small group of followers. He later established the organsiation in 13 June 2005 at the age of 27. He began the movement by travelling the world to give ''[[Darshan (Indian religions)|darshans]]'', lead pilgrimages, build communities, and to initiate monks into the Bhakti Marga spiritual lineage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-23 |title=Meet Paramahamsa Vishwananda, Revolutionary Guru Who Is Travelling All Around World Giving Darshans Since Age of 15 Years {{!}} 🌎 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/world/meet-paramahamsa-vishwananda-revolutionary-guru-who-is-travelling-all-around-world-giving-darshans-since-age-of-15-years-4875172.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=Darshan with Sri Swami Vishwananda in Guwahati |url=https://assamtimes.org/node/8993 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Assam Times |language=en}}</ref> The first Bhakti Marga commune, Shree Peetha Nilaya, opened to the public in 2013 in Heidenrod, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Paramahamsa Vishwananda’s enlightenment and his early years |url=https://www.apnnews.com/paramahamsa-vishwanandas-enlightenment-and-his-early-years/ |website=APN News}}</ref> Following Paramahamsa Vishwananda’s lead, additional ''ashrams'' have been built by the organization's swamis around the world such as ''ashrams'' in India (Vrindavan)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kriya Yoga And Spiritual Guru Paramahamsa Vishwananda To Visit India, Here’s How You Can Seek His Blessings |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/kriya-yoga-and-spiritual-guru-paramahamsa-vishwananda-to-visit-india-heres-how-you-can-seek-his-blessings |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>, Latvia (Riga) and Russia (Moscow). By the end of 2022 Bhakti Marga had around 10,000 followers<ref name="focus">{{cite news |author=''Focus-Online'' staff |date=19 August 2023 |title=Mitten im Taunus baut Hindu-Guru via Tiktok seine Sekte auf |trans-title=In the middle of the Taunus, the Hindu guru is building up his sect via Tiktok |newspaper=Focus-Online |url=https://www.focus.de/panorama/welt/sass-schon-wegen-reliquien-klau-im-knast-mitten-im-taunus-baut-hindu-guru-via-tiktok-seine-sekte-auf_id_202150086.html |access-date=August 27, 2023}}</ref> and between 30 and 50 ashrams worldwide.<ref name="faz">{{cite news |last=Maus |first=Robert |date=10 September 2018 |title=Der Ashram im Taunus |language=de |trans-title=Ashram in Taunus |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/hindu-tempel-der-bhakti-marga-hat-hauptsitz-in-hessen-15779772.html}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:37, 22 November 2023

Bhakti Marga is a spiritual organisation founded by Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda. It views itself standing in the tradition of the Sri Vaishnava sampradaya, into which Vishwananda has been initiated.[1] It represents the Vishishtadvaita philosophy, translated as "qualified monism". According to it, all souls are a part of God and can reflect him, but are not identical with him.[2] The followers do not adhere to one particular set of scriptures or philosophy but rather on the "personality of Paramahamsa Vishwananda".

History

Bhakti Marga means "Path of Devotion".[3][4] Bhakti Marga devotees follow a modern disciplic line called Hari Bhakta Sampradaya. Hari means 'God', more specifically Vishnu. Bhakta means 'lovers' and Sampradaya means 'lineage of teachings'. The sampradaya has been viewed as a combination of the teachings of various vedantic saints, mainly Mahavatar Babaji, Ramanujacharya and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda arrived in the West in the year of 2004 and settled in a house in Steffenshof, Germany with a small group of followers. He later established the organsiation in 13 June 2005 at the age of 27. He began the movement by travelling the world to give darshans, lead pilgrimages, build communities, and to initiate monks into the Bhakti Marga spiritual lineage.[5][6] The first Bhakti Marga commune, Shree Peetha Nilaya, opened to the public in 2013 in Heidenrod, Germany.[7] Following Paramahamsa Vishwananda’s lead, additional ashrams have been built by the organization's swamis around the world such as ashrams in India (Vrindavan)[8], Latvia (Riga) and Russia (Moscow). By the end of 2022 Bhakti Marga had around 10,000 followers[9] and between 30 and 50 ashrams worldwide.[10]

Religious practices

Bhakti Marga followers follow Sadhana or 'spiritual practice', which can be carried out in any form or sequence. However, the main practices are japa, the reciting of the holy names, meditation with Atma Kriya Yoga[11], ritualistic worship through puja, daily prayer and are encouraged to take up at least one verse of the Bhagavad Gita daily.[12] Devotional arts are also seen as ways to express bhakti towards Har, such as painting, Sri Yantra, singing, dancing and theatre plays.[13][14] Om Namo Narayanaya is described as a powerful maha-mantra which is considered that all other mantras are contained within it, which is chanted multiple rounds a day.[15]

Roles

Bhakti Marga swamis/swaminis wear orange clothing, who are seen as "spiritual advisors and emissaries of Paramahamsa Vishwananda". They are tasked with caring for the spiritual needs of the sangha (community members). The organization's rishis/rishikas wear red, and are tasked with spreading the teachings of the organisation. They are also seen as "swamis-in-training". Both the groups are personally initiated by Paramahamsa Vishwananda. The brahmacharis/brahmacharinis of the organization wear yellow. Their clothing are usually in the form of kurtas, dhotis, and saris. All are initiated devotees who take additional vows of celibacy and voluntarily take part in all the organization's activities.[14]

Some of the monks and nuns live in the ashramas. They are often taken care of by the community, which allows them to focus on supporting Paramahamsa Vishwananda and the Bhakti Marga mission. Others live in the world by maintaining jobs and supporting the sanghas in their countries.[14]

Ashrams

Every Bhakti Marga ashram has at least one temple, which in turn often contains several idols representing deities. In addition to various Hindu deities, Vaishnava and non-vaishnava, Babaji and Ramanuja are worshipped as gurus in the main temple in Springen.[10] The main deities in Sri Vaishnava are Narayana and Lakshmi,[16][17] who are also worshiped in the Bhakti Marga temples.[18] However, many other deities are also worshiped, some of which belong to the Vaishnava pantheon (Radha and Krishna), but some of them do not. This worship of non-vaishnava gurus and deities, like Shiva and Durga,[19] distinguishes Bhakti Marga from other Vaishnava religions, like Shri Vaishnava, or Gaudiya Vaishnava, which is known in western countries mainly through the Hare Krishna movement.[20]

File:Bhakti Marga Temple.jpg
The Shree Peetha Nilaya Ashram, the first temple and ashram of Bhakti Marga located in Germany

In addition, the ashram in Springen contains a Russian Orthodox chapel, in which there are also relics of Christian saints.[1] It is not uncommon in the syncretistic system of Hinduism for Christ to be viewed as the avatar of Vishnu. However, there are currently no liturgical services in the chapel. Building of the temple has cost more than one million euros. The movement claims to have between 30 and 50 centres or temples worldwide, some of them rather small.[10]

In November 2020 it became known that Bhakti Marga in Kirchheim in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district of Hesse wants to set up its Hindu Germany center in the area of the Seepark Kirchheim holiday complex, which includes its own lake.[21]

Narasimha
Narasimha, a fierce avatar of Vishnu, is prominently worshipped in Bhakti Marga ashrams

In January 2022 Bhakti Marga purchased a former Catholic Church in West Elmira, New York, the former Our Lady of Lourdes parish, to become its first ashram and temple in America.[22] According to Swami Tulsidas, Bhakti Marga's representative in North America, the main deity in the new ashram will be that of Narasimha, the Hindu man-lion, an Avatar of Vishnu.[23]

Just Love Festival

Since 2015, Bhakti Marga has held a large, multi-day festival in Germany every year, the Just Love Festival, which attracts up to 3,000 visitors. The duration of the festival varies between three and ten days. During the festival, various spiritual music bands from different countries play, mainly bhajans and kirtans, but these can be interpreted differently, so Sanskrit hymns are also being rapped. The event is usually in the summer, the focus of the festival is Guru Purnima, a Hindu festival held every year in honor of the guru, spiritual or academic, on a full moon day. As a supporting program there are exhibitions of arts and crafts, a bazaar, a vegan restaurant, and various teaching lectures and workshops by Bhakti Marga teachers.[10] "Just Love" is also the slogan of Bhakti Marga. It is meant to express the ideal of the movement, which places love at the center of life, love for God, but also love for the guru or the community.

Controversial activities

On December 10, 2016, Bhakti Marga carried out a group chanting at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. Critics accused Bhakti Marga of exploitation and relativization of the holocaust.[24][25]

On March 17, 2018, Bhakti Marga carried out a group chanting at the Buchenwald concentration camp, which led to protests.[24][25]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Eißler, Friedmann (January 2020). "Bhakti Marga in der Kritik" [Bhakti Marga in criticism]. Zeitschrift für Religion und Weltanschauung [Journal of Religion and Worldview] (in German).
  2. ^ Stafford, Betty (2010). "Dvaita, Advaita, and Viśiṣṭādvaita: Contrasting Views of Mokṣa". Asian Philosophy. 20 (2): 215–224. doi:10.1080/09552367.2010.484955. S2CID 144372321.
  3. ^ "Hindu spiritual group moves into former West Elmira Catholic Church". WETM - MyTwinTiers.com. 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  4. ^ "Hinduism - Karma, Samsara, Moksha | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  5. ^ "Meet Paramahamsa Vishwananda, Revolutionary Guru Who Is Travelling All Around World Giving Darshans Since Age of 15 Years | 🌎 LatestLY". LatestLY. 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  6. ^ "Darshan with Sri Swami Vishwananda in Guwahati". Assam Times. 2013-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  7. ^ "Paramahamsa Vishwananda's enlightenment and his early years". APN News. March 24, 2023.
  8. ^ "Kriya Yoga And Spiritual Guru Paramahamsa Vishwananda To Visit India, Here's How You Can Seek His Blessings". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  9. ^ Focus-Online staff (19 August 2023). "Mitten im Taunus baut Hindu-Guru via Tiktok seine Sekte auf" [In the middle of the Taunus, the Hindu guru is building up his sect via Tiktok]. Focus-Online. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  10. ^ a b c d Maus, Robert (10 September 2018). "Der Ashram im Taunus" [Ashram in Taunus]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).
  11. ^ Deep, Ajay (2023-05-22). "Parmahamsa Vishwananda says, "Atma Kriya Yoga is like a universal highway to develop your personal relationship with God". Chandigarh Metro. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  12. ^ Deep, Ajay (2023-05-22). "Parmahamsa Vishwananda says, "Atma Kriya Yoga is like a universal highway to develop your personal relationship with God". Chandigarh Metro. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  13. ^ "Paramahamsa Vishwananda says "India feels like home to me."". www.ibtimes.sg. 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  14. ^ a b c "What is the Lifestyle of a Hari Bhakta?". blog.bhaktimarga.org. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  15. ^ "Project Mantra". Bhakti Marga Mauritius. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  16. ^ Tapasyananda, Svami (1990). Bhakti Schools of Vedanta. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math. pp. 31–33. ISBN 81-7120-226-8.
  17. ^ Tapasyananda, Svami (1991). "Introduction". Sri Ramanuja Gita Bhasya. Translated by Svami Adidevanand. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math. pp. 9–40. ISBN 81-7823-290-1.
  18. ^ Shree Peetha Nilaya staff (August 2023). "Serve a deity program". Shree Peetha Nilaya. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  19. ^ Vasconcelos, Catarina Maldonado (20 April 2021). ""Ele é um avatar de amor." A comunidade hindu do Porto que adora o guru de Rui Patrício como deus" ["He is an avatar of love." The Hindu community in Porto that worships Rui Patrício's guru as a god]. TSF (in Portuguese).
  20. ^ Dimock, Edward C. Jr. (2000). "Adi Lila, Chapter 17, verses 33 ff". In Steward, Tony K. (ed.). Caitanya caritamrta of Krsnadasa Kaviraja: a translation and commentary. Harvard Oriental Series. Vol. 65. ISBN 0-674-00285-7.
  21. ^ Löwenberger, Bernd (18 November 2020). "Seepark Kirchheim verkauft: Aus für das Hotel, Hindu-Religionszentrum geplant" [Seepark Kirchheim sold: Planned out for the hotel, Hindu religious center]. Hersfelder Zeitung.
  22. ^ Aldinger, Carl (September 7, 2022). "Hindu spiritual group moves into former West Elmira Catholic Church". MyTwinTiers.com.
  23. ^ ELMIRA: New Ashram and Mandir Announcement, YouTube Video
  24. ^ a b Niewendick, Martin (3 March 2018). "Spirituelle Gruppe will KZ-Gedenkstätte mit Ritual "heilen"" [Spiritual group wants to heal concentration camp]. Die Welt (in German).
  25. ^ a b Sommer, Philipp (2 March 2018). "Dieser Kult will in Konzentrationslagern meditieren" [This cult wants to meditate at concentration camps]. Vice (in German).

Further reading

External links

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