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#REDIRECT [[Demographics of Zambia]]
{{short description|Racial and multi-ethnic group}}
{{Notability|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group|
| group = White people in Zambia
| image =
| caption =
| regions = [[Lusaka]] and in the copperbelt
| population = 40,000 (0.3%)
| langs = [[English language|English]], [[Afrikaans]]
| rels = [[Christianity]], [[Judaism]]
| related = [[White people in Botswana]], [[White people in Zimbabwe]], [[White South African]]s
}}
'''White people in Zambia''' or '''White Zambians''' are people from [[Zambia]] who are of [[White Africans of European ancestry|European descent]] and who do not regard themselves, or are not regarded as, being part of another [[Race (classification of humans)|racial group]]. Many are of [[British people|British]] ancestry and are descendants of people whom worked in the [[Copperbelt Province]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4etLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|title= The African Christian Diaspora: New Currents and Emerging Trends in World Christianity}}</ref> Other whites were also being recruited into the new Zambia as expatriates by the mid-1960s such as Irish people, Italians and Eastern Europeans, as well as white Americans and white Canadians.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GEuhEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT141|title= Political Power and Colonial Development in British Central Africa 1938-1960s}}</ref>

==Background==
The first Europeans to discover Zambia were the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] in the late 1700s.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WD-MDwAAQBAJ&dq=first+europeans+to+discover+zambia+portuguese&pg=PT23 | title=A Guide to Agribusiness in Zambia.: Untapped Opportunities | isbn=9781796019025 | last1=Tembo | first1=Felix | date=6 March 2019 }}</ref>

In the 1960s, White Zambians tended to favour white-minority rule in [[Rhodesia]] and the [[apartheid]] system in [[South Africa]], although small numbers prevented them from establishing a similar form of government in Zambia. At the Copperbelt mines, 6,500 expatriate workers held South African citizenship. White Zambians made up the second-largest group of immigrants moving to South Africa by 1967, fearful of the changing political climate in Zambia.<ref name="zastudy" /> The migration of White Zambians to South Africa did not stop until the late 1970s, by which point there were only about 10,000 Whites left in Zambia who held Zambian citizenship.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

Between 1964 and 1972, white Zambians were disproportionately represented in the officer corps of the [[Zambian Defence Force]].{{sfn|Fischer|Morris-Jones|2012|pp=206-207}} Upon independence, most of the senior officer corps, including the chief of staff of the Zambian Army, were [[White Zambians]].{{sfn|Fischer|Morris-Jones|2012|pp=206-207}} By 1972, sufficient numbers of qualified black Zambian personnel had been trained to replace them, and many of the white senior officers retired.<ref name="SAPES1994" /> For a number of years afterwards, white Zambians were explicitly barred from enlisting in the national military and received a blanket exemption from conscription.<ref name="SAPES1994" />

In 1966, Over half the whites lived on the Copperbelt, 18% lived in [[Lusaka]], and some 95% lived in all near the line of rail from the Copperbelt to the [[Victoria Falls]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JyHtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA355|title= Politics in Zambia|page=355}}</ref>

==Modern day==
In 2014, Zambia had a White population of European origin which numbered approximately 40,000.<ref name="Ahmed2014" /> Since independence, the community has never exceeded 1.1% of Zambia's population. Many long-term residents had voluntarily retained South African or British nationality. However, only about 40,000 hold Zambian citizenship. [[Guy Scott]], a White Zambian citizen and former Vice President, became Acting [[President of Zambia]] after the unexpected death of President [[Michael Sata]].<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/29/world/africa/zambia-white-president/index.html Zambia's Guy Scott makes history as white president in sub-Saharan Africa] CNN. 29 October 2014</ref> This made him the first head of state [[White Africans of European ancestry|of European White descent]] in Africa since [[F. W. de Klerk]] in 1989, and the first-ever under a democratically elected government.

== Population chart ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''White Population of Zambia, 1911–2015'''
!Government
!Year
!Whites
!Change
!Natives
!Percentage of Whites
|-
! rowspan="3" |British South
Africa Company

(1891–1924)
|1911
|1,497
| -
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1923
|3,750
| +2,253
|1,753,000{{sfn|Morier-Genoud|2012|p=196}}
|0.2%
|-
|1924
|4,000
| +250
|n/a
|n/a
|-
! rowspan="10" |British
Protectorate of

Northern

Rhodesia

(1924–1953)
|1925
|4,624
| +624
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1931
|13,846
| +9,222
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1932
|10,553
| -3,293
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1933
|11,278
| +725
|n/s
|n/a
|-
|1935
|10,000
| -1,278
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1940
|15,188
| +5,188
|2,099,000{{sfn|Morier-Genoud|2012|p=196}}
|0.7%
|-
|1943
|18,745
| +3,537
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1945
|21,371
| +2,626
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1946
|21,919
| +548
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1951
|37,221
| +15,302
|n/a
|n/a
|-
! rowspan="5" |Federation of
Rhodesia and

Nyasaland

(1953–1963)
|1954
|60,000
| +22,779
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1956
|64,800
| +4,800
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1960
|76,000
| +11,200
|3,082,627
|0.2%
|-
|1961
|75,000
| -1,000
|3,269,151
|0.2%
|-
|1963
|74,000
| -1,000
|3,368,961
|0.2%
|-
! rowspan="6" |Republic of
Zambia

(1964–present)
|1964
|70,000<ref name="BBC1964" />
| -4,000
|3,472,843
|0.2%
|-
|1966
|25,000
| -35,000
|3,692,409
|0.2%
|-
|1977
|10,000<ref name="Ahmed2014" />
| -15,000
|5,288,891
|0.01%
|-
|2014
|40,000<ref name="Ahmed2014" />
| +35,000
|14,950,544
|0.2%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Zambia|Europe}}
*[[White Angolans]]
*[[White Zimbabweans]]
*[[History of the Jews in Zambia]]
*[[White Africans of European ancestry]]

==References==
{{Commons category|White people of Zambia}}
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="SAPES1994">{{cite book|title=Southern Africa Political & Economic Monthly|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=bVNBAQAAIAAJ|text=white Zambians}}|year=1994|publisher=Southern African Political Economy Series (SAPES) Publications Project}}</ref>

<ref name="zastudy">{{cite book|last=Kaplan|first=Irving|title=South Africa: A Country Study|pages=846}}</ref>

<ref name="Ahmed2014">{{Cite web | title = An African Country That's 0.3 Percent White Now Has A White President | last = Ahmed | first = Beenish | work = thinkprogress.org | date = 29 October 2014 | access-date = 2018-04-25 | url = https://thinkprogress.org/an-african-country-thats-0-3-percent-white-now-has-a-white-president-9db75c750200/ }}</ref>

<ref name="BBC1964">{{Cite news|title = 1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|newspaper = BBC|date = 25 October 1964|access-date = 2015-09-02}}</ref>

<!-- Not in use
<ref name="Ethnologue">{{webarchive|title = Ethnologue 15 report for Zambia|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205344/http://archive.ethnologue.com/15/show_country.asp?name=ZM|date = March 4, 2016|}}</ref>
Not in use-->

}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Fischer|first1=Georges |last2=Morris-Jones|first2=W. H. |title=Decolonisation and After: The British French Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3zso3tOBy8C|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-27788-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Morier-Genoud|first=Eric |title=Sure Road? Nationalisms in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=sT_Snk-gvyEC|page=196|keywords=zambia population 1941}}|year=2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-22261-8}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|editor-last=Tordoff|editor-first=William |last1=Molteno|first1=Robert|display-authors=etal |title=Politics in Zambia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jyNfbUVSS9QC|year=1974|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02593-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=David |title=Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hIEYAAAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Oryx Press|isbn=978-1-57356-019-1}}
{{refend}}

{{Ethnic groups in Zambia}}
{{White people}}
{{Zambia topics}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Zambia]]
[[Category:History of Zambia]]
[[Category:Zambian people of European descent| ]]
[[Category:European diaspora in Africa|Zambia]]

Revision as of 05:54, 18 January 2024

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