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{{climate chart
{{climate chart
| Daugavpils
| Daugavpils
|-7.0|-1.8|40.3
|-13.5|-6.3|40.3
|-7.7|-1.1|38.7
|-13.7|-5.1|38.7
|-4.3|4.0|35.5
|-6.8|2.5|35.5
|1.1|12.2|34.6
|1.1|12.2|34.6
|5.7|18.1|61.6
|5.7|18.1|61.6
|9.7|21.4|74.2
|10.7|22.4|74.2
|12.1|23.7|72.9
|13.1|24.7|72.9
|11.0|22.5|71.7
|12.0|23.5|71.7
|7.0|17.0|56.1
|7.0|17.0|56.1
|2.7|9.9|58.6
|2.7|9.9|58.6
|-0.8|3.6|48.4
|-4.3|0.1|48.4
|-4.5|-0.2|42.8
|-10.5|-5.2|42.8
|float =
|float =
|clear =
|clear =
Line 1,819: Line 1,819:
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 11.1
|Jan record high C = 9.1
|Feb record high C = 13.1
|Feb record high C = 11.1
|Mar record high C = 18.4
|Mar record high C = 18.4
|Apr record high C = 27.4
|Apr record high C = 27.4
|May record high C = 31.8
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C = 33.1
|Jun record high C = 34.1
|Jul record high C = 35.1
|Jul record high C = 36.1
|Aug record high C = 33.5
|Aug record high C = 34.5
|Sep record high C = 31.3
|Sep record high C = 31.3
|Oct record high C = 23.6
|Oct record high C = 23.6
|Nov record high C = 16.3
|Nov record high C = 16.3
|Dec record high C = 10.6
|Dec record high C = 8.6
|year record high C =
|year record high C =
|Jan avg record high C = 4.6
|Jan avg record high C = 0.1
|Feb avg record high C = 5.1
|Feb avg record high C = 1.1
|Mar avg record high C = 12.1
|Mar avg record high C = 10.6
|Apr avg record high C = 22.1
|Apr avg record high C = 22.1
|May avg record high C = 26.4
|May avg record high C = 26.4
|Jun avg record high C = 28.1
|Jun avg record high C = 29.1
|Jul avg record high C = 30.2
|Jul avg record high C = 31.2
|Aug avg record high C = 29.3
|Aug avg record high C = 30.3
|Sep avg record high C = 24.4
|Sep avg record high C = 24.4
|Oct avg record high C = 17.8
|Oct avg record high C = 17.8
|Nov avg record high C = 10.4
|Nov avg record high C = 6.9
|Dec avg record high C = 6.2
|Dec avg record high C = 1.2
|year avg record high C = 31.4
|year avg record high C = 32.4
|Jan high C = -1.8
|Jan high C = -6.3
|Feb high C = -1.1
|Feb high C = -5.1
|Mar high C = 4.0
|Mar high C = 2.5
|Apr high C = 12.2
|Apr high C = 12.2
|May high C = 18.1
|May high C = 18.1
|Jun high C = 21.4
|Jun high C = 22.4
|Jul high C = 23.7
|Jul high C = 24.7
|Aug high C = 22.5
|Aug high C = 23.5
|Sep high C = 17.0
|Sep high C = 17.0
|Oct high C = 9.9
|Oct high C = 9.9
|Nov high C = 3.6
|Nov high C = 0.1
|Dec high C = -0.2
|Dec high C = -5.2
|year high C =
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -4.1
|Jan mean C = -9.6
|Feb mean C = -4.1
|Feb mean C = -9.1
|Mar mean C = 0.0
|Mar mean C = -2.0
|Apr mean C = 6.7
|Apr mean C = 6.7
|May mean C = 12.2
|May mean C = 12.2
|Jun mean C = 15.8
|Jun mean C = 16.8
|Jul mean C = 18.1
|Jul mean C = 19.1
|Aug mean C = 16.8
|Aug mean C = 17.8
|Sep mean C = 11.9
|Sep mean C = 11.9
|Oct mean C = 6.3
|Oct mean C = 6.3
|Nov mean C = 1.5
|Nov mean C = -2.0
|Dec mean C = -2.2
|Dec mean C = -7.7
|year mean C =
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -7.0
|Jan low C = -13.5
|Feb low C = -7.7
|Feb low C = -13.7
|Mar low C = -4.3
|Mar low C = -6.8
|Apr low C = 1.1
|Apr low C = 1.1
|May low C = 5.7
|May low C = 5.7
|Jun low C = 9.7
|Jun low C = 10.7
|Jul low C = 12.1
|Jul low C = 13.1
|Aug low C = 11.0
|Aug low C = 12.0
|Sep low C = 7.0
|Sep low C = 7.0
|Oct low C = 2.7
|Oct low C = 2.7
|Nov low C = -0.8
|Nov low C = -4.3
|Dec low C = -4.5
|Dec low C = -10.5
|year low C =
|year low C =
|Jan avg record low C = -21.7
|Jan avg record low C = -28.2
|Feb avg record low C = -21.0
|Feb avg record low C = -27.0
|Mar avg record low C = -13.9
|Mar avg record low C = -16.4
|Apr avg record low C = -5.9
|Apr avg record low C = -5.9
|May avg record low C = -1.6
|May avg record low C = -1.6
|Jun avg record low C = 3.4
|Jun avg record low C = 4.4
|Jul avg record low C = 6.9
|Jul avg record low C = 7.9
|Aug avg record low C = 4.8
|Aug avg record low C = 5.8
|Sep avg record low C = -0.4
|Sep avg record low C = -0.4
|Oct avg record low C = -5.1
|Oct avg record low C = -5.1
|Nov avg record low C = -10.0
|Nov avg record low C = -13.5
|Dec avg record low C = -14.9
|Dec avg record low C = -20.9
|year avg record low C = -25.7
|year avg record low C = -32.2
|Jan record low C = -42.7
|Jan record low C = -49.2
|Feb record low C = -43.2
|Feb record low C = -49.2
|Mar record low C = -32.0
|Mar record low C = -34.5
|Apr record low C = -18.6
|Apr record low C = -18.6
|May record low C = -5.5
|May record low C = -5.5
|Jun record low C = -1.3
|Jun record low C = -0.3
|Jul record low C = 2.1
|Jul record low C = 3.1
|Aug record low C = -1.5
|Aug record low C = -0.5
|Sep record low C = -5.0
|Sep record low C = -5.0
|Oct record low C = -14.7
|Oct record low C = -14.7
|Nov record low C = -24.1
|Nov record low C = -27.6
|Dec record low C = -38.7
|Dec record low C = -44.7
|year record low C =
|year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|precipitation colour = green
Line 1,938: Line 1,938:
|Dec precipitation days = 11.9
|Dec precipitation days = 11.9
|year precipitation days = 119.0
|year precipitation days = 119.0
|Jan sun = 35.1
|Jan sun = 42.1
|Feb sun = 62.2
|Feb sun = 74.6
|Mar sun = 133.4
|Mar sun = 160.1
|Apr sun = 195.1
|Apr sun = 234.1
|May sun = 270.2
|May sun = 324.2
|Jun sun = 271.9
|Jun sun = 326.3
|Jul sun = 277.2
|Jul sun = 332.6
|Aug sun = 244.5
|Aug sun = 293.4
|Sep sun = 156.4
|Sep sun = 187.7
|Oct sun = 87.9
|Oct sun = 105.5
|Nov sun = 30.5
|Nov sun = 36.6
|Dec sun = 24.9
|Dec sun = 29.9
|year sun =
|year sun =
|source 1 = LVĢMC<ref>{{cite web
|source 1 = LVĢMC<ref>{{cite web

Revision as of 00:40, 13 March 2024

Denmark

Copenhagen

Copenhagen
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
55
 
 
−1
−7
 
 
36
 
 
0
−7
 
 
33
 
 
5
−2
 
 
30
 
 
13
4
 
 
52
 
 
19
10
 
 
64
 
 
23
14
 
 
71
 
 
25
16
 
 
96
 
 
25
16
 
 
52
 
 
20
12
 
 
64
 
 
13
7
 
 
67
 
 
4
0
 
 
65
 
 
−1
−6
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.2
 
 
30
19
 
 
1.4
 
 
31
20
 
 
1.3
 
 
41
29
 
 
1.2
 
 
55
40
 
 
2
 
 
66
49
 
 
2.5
 
 
73
57
 
 
2.8
 
 
77
61
 
 
3.8
 
 
77
61
 
 
2
 
 
67
53
 
 
2.5
 
 
55
45
 
 
2.6
 
 
39
32
 
 
2.6
 
 
31
22
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Copenhagen, Denmark (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1768–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		20.8
(69.4) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		34.7
(94.5) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.8
(96.4) 		30.8
(87.4) 		23.2
(73.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		10.8
(51.4) 		35.8
(96.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		5.0
(41.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		18.7
(65.7) 		22.6
(72.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		19.5
(67.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		11.9
(53.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		1.5
(34.7) 		8.2
(46.8) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.2
(68.4) 		15.4
(59.7) 		9.8
(49.6) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		8.2
(46.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.3
(18.9) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		9.6
(49.3) 		13.9
(57.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		4.8
(40.6)
Record low °C (°F) −32.8
(−27.0) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−21.0
(−5.8) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		3.0
(37.4) 		2.7
(36.9) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−18.7
(−1.7) 		−22.0
(−7.6) 		−32.3
(−26.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 55
(2.2) 		36
(1.4) 		33
(1.3) 		30
(1.2) 		52
(2.0) 		64
(2.5) 		71
(2.8) 		96
(3.8) 		52
(2.0) 		64
(2.5) 		67
(2.6) 		65
(2.6) 		685
(26.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 14.9 11.4 13.5 11.5 10.8 12.0 12.4 12.0 13.6 14.5 15.4 15.4 157.4
Average snowy days 11.9 8.4 5.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.7 12.9 44.5
Average relative humidity (%) 86 84 82 76 72 72 73 75 78 83 84 85 79
Mean monthly sunshine hours 56 77 178 254 292 286 292 233 199 126 54 41 2,088
Percent possible sunshine 24 31 48 58 60 56 56 50 50 37 24 20 43
Average ultraviolet index 0 1 2 3 5 6 6 5 3 1 1 0 3
Source: DMI (precipitation days and snowy days 1971–2000, humidity 1961–1990),[1][2][3] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[4] and Weather Atlas[5]

Odense

Odense
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
49
 
 
−1
−8
 
 
30
 
 
−1
−7
 
 
40
 
 
5
−2
 
 
32
 
 
13
4
 
 
41
 
 
18
9
 
 
51
 
 
22
13
 
 
50
 
 
24
15
 
 
53
 
 
24
15
 
 
57
 
 
19
11
 
 
58
 
 
12
6
 
 
53
 
 
4
−1
 
 
48
 
 
−1
−6
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.9
 
 
29
18
 
 
1.2
 
 
31
19
 
 
1.6
 
 
40
28
 
 
1.3
 
 
55
38
 
 
1.6
 
 
64
48
 
 
2
 
 
72
55
 
 
2
 
 
76
58
 
 
2.1
 
 
76
58
 
 
2.2
 
 
66
52
 
 
2.3
 
 
54
42
 
 
2.1
 
 
39
30
 
 
1.9
 
 
31
22
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Odense (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		18.5
(65.3) 		27.4
(81.3) 		29.8
(85.6) 		33.6
(92.5) 		35.4
(95.7) 		35.6
(96.1) 		28.7
(83.7) 		23.0
(73.4) 		15.8
(60.4) 		10.4
(50.7) 		35.6
(96.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		18.0
(64.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.3
(75.7) 		24.4
(75.9) 		18.9
(66.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		11.6
(52.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.5
(23.9) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.5
(67.1) 		15.0
(59.0) 		9.2
(48.6) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		7.8
(46.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.0
(17.6) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		3.5
(38.3) 		8.7
(47.7) 		12.9
(55.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		3.8
(38.9)
Record low °C (°F) −28.1
(−18.6) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		6.2
(43.2) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−19.7
(−3.5) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−28.1
(−18.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.5
(1.91) 		30.1
(1.19) 		39.6
(1.56) 		32.4
(1.28) 		41.1
(1.62) 		50.6
(1.99) 		50.0
(1.97) 		52.7
(2.07) 		56.7
(2.23) 		58.1
(2.29) 		53.3
(2.10) 		47.7
(1.88) 		560.9
(22.08)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 16.4 12.7 14.7 11.8 11.0 12.4 12.4 12.7 14.8 15.8 16.7 16.5 168.0
Average snowy days 13.0 9.4 5.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.6 13.3 47.5
Average relative humidity (%) 88 87 84 76 73 74 74 74 80 83 87 88 81
Mean monthly sunshine hours 48 73 149 215 310 318 307 269 210 121 53 34 2,107
Source: Danish Meteorological Institute (humidity 1961–1990, sun 1931–1960)[2][3][1]


Aalborg

Aalborg
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
46
 
 
−1
−10
 
 
30
 
 
0
−9
 
 
38
 
 
5
−5
 
 
31
 
 
11
1
 
 
42
 
 
17
7
 
 
56
 
 
22
11
 
 
51
 
 
24
13
 
 
58
 
 
23
12
 
 
71
 
 
18
9
 
 
66
 
 
13
4
 
 
56
 
 
4
−3
 
 
53
 
 
0
−8
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.8
 
 
30
14
 
 
1.2
 
 
31
15
 
 
1.5
 
 
41
24
 
 
1.2
 
 
52
34
 
 
1.7
 
 
63
44
 
 
2.2
 
 
71
51
 
 
2
 
 
75
55
 
 
2.3
 
 
74
54
 
 
2.8
 
 
64
48
 
 
2.6
 
 
55
39
 
 
2.2
 
 
40
27
 
 
2.1
 
 
31
18
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Aalborg (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		32.9
(91.2) 		37.1
(98.8) 		36.4
(97.5) 		26.3
(79.3) 		22.3
(72.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		11.2
(52.2) 		35.1
(95.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		4.8
(40.6) 		11.0
(51.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.6
(70.9) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.4
(74.1) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.5
(54.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		11.2
(52.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		0.1
(32.2) 		5.9
(42.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		17.7
(63.9) 		13.2
(55.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		6.5
(43.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.9
(14.2) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		0.9
(33.6) 		6.8
(44.2) 		10.8
(51.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		12.4
(54.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		1.8
(35.3)
Record low °C (°F) −33.7
(−28.7) 		−27.4
(−17.3) 		−30.6
(−23.1) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		4.2
(39.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−21.9
(−7.4) 		−31.0
(−23.8) 		−33.7
(−28.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 45.8
(1.80) 		29.6
(1.17) 		37.8
(1.49) 		30.8
(1.21) 		42.3
(1.67) 		55.5
(2.19) 		51.4
(2.02) 		58.1
(2.29) 		71.3
(2.81) 		66.4
(2.61) 		56.3
(2.22) 		52.8
(2.08) 		600.1
(23.63)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 16.5 12.8 14.9 11.5 11.1 12.0 11.5 12.6 15.3 16.2 17.7 17.3 169.3
Average snowy days 15.0 11.2 7.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 8.0 15.8 61.4
Average relative humidity (%) 89 87 84 76 73 75 74 76 80 84 87 89 81
Source: Danish Meteorological Institute (humidity 1961–1990)[2][3]

Esbjerg

Esbjerg
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
120
 
 
4
0
 
 
82
 
 
4
−1
 
 
96
 
 
6
1
 
 
80
 
 
11
4
 
 
94
 
 
16
9
 
 
110
 
 
19
12
 
 
120
 
 
20
14
 
 
144
 
 
21
14
 
 
164
 
 
18
12
 
 
188
 
 
14
8
 
 
176
 
 
9
4
 
 
144
 
 
5
1
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
4.7
 
 
38
31
 
 
3.2
 
 
39
31
 
 
3.8
 
 
43
34
 
 
3.1
 
 
51
39
 
 
3.7
 
 
61
47
 
 
4.3
 
 
67
54
 
 
4.7
 
 
68
57
 
 
5.7
 
 
69
57
 
 
6.5
 
 
64
53
 
 
7.4
 
 
56
47
 
 
6.9
 
 
47
40
 
 
5.7
 
 
41
34
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Esbjerg (Sædenstrand) 1961–1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		17.3
(63.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		29.1
(84.4) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		35.2
(95.4) 		29.8
(85.6) 		22.0
(71.6) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.4
(50.7) 		35.2
(95.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		3.7
(38.7) 		6.1
(43.0) 		10.5
(50.9) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.2
(66.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.8
(69.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.6
(47.5) 		5.2
(41.4) 		12.1
(53.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.1
(44.8) 		12.1
(53.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		16.9
(62.4) 		16.1
(61.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		11.0
(51.8) 		6.6
(43.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		9.2
(48.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		1.3
(34.3) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.5
(47.3) 		12.2
(54.0) 		13.9
(57.0) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		8.4
(47.1) 		4.4
(39.9) 		1.3
(34.3) 		6.5
(43.8)
Record low °C (°F) −16.6
(2.1) 		−16.6
(2.1) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		2.7
(36.9) 		5.6
(42.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−16.0
(3.2) 		−16.6
(2.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 120
(4.7) 		82
(3.2) 		96
(3.8) 		80
(3.1) 		94
(3.7) 		110
(4.3) 		120
(4.7) 		144
(5.7) 		164
(6.5) 		188
(7.4) 		176
(6.9) 		144
(5.7) 		1,518
(59.7)
Average snowy days 8.9 6.7 5.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.8 7.4 33.8
Source: Danish Meteorological Institute[2][3]

Rønne

Rønne
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
40
 
 
−1
−7
 
 
23
 
 
−1
−7
 
 
31
 
 
4
−2
 
 
30
 
 
10
3
 
 
32
 
 
17
9
 
 
44
 
 
21
14
 
 
47
 
 
23
16
 
 
41
 
 
24
16
 
 
56
 
 
18
13
 
 
50
 
 
13
8
 
 
52
 
 
5
1
 
 
42
 
 
0
−5
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.6
 
 
31
20
 
 
0.9
 
 
31
20
 
 
1.2
 
 
39
29
 
 
1.2
 
 
50
38
 
 
1.3
 
 
62
47
 
 
1.7
 
 
70
57
 
 
1.9
 
 
74
61
 
 
1.6
 
 
74
62
 
 
2.2
 
 
65
55
 
 
2
 
 
55
46
 
 
2.1
 
 
41
33
 
 
1.7
 
 
33
24
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Bornholm (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 		7.7
(45.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		26.6
(79.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		33.7
(92.7) 		33.9
(93.0) 		34.0
(93.2) 		28.9
(84.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		9.9
(49.8) 		16.5
(61.7) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		4.8
(40.6) 		0.4
(32.7) 		11.1
(51.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.6
(25.5) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		1.1
(34.0) 		6.5
(43.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.8
(67.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		15.4
(59.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		8.1
(46.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		3.1
(37.6) 		8.6
(47.5) 		13.7
(56.7) 		16.3
(61.3) 		16.4
(61.5) 		12.5
(54.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		5.0
(40.9)
Record low °C (°F) −22.2
(−8.0) 		−23.7
(−10.7) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−7
(19) 		−2
(28) 		1.8
(35.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−13.6
(7.5) 		−20.1
(−4.2) 		−23.7
(−10.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40.2
(1.58) 		22.8
(0.90) 		30.6
(1.20) 		30.2
(1.19) 		31.9
(1.26) 		44.2
(1.74) 		47.1
(1.85) 		41.4
(1.63) 		55.5
(2.19) 		50.2
(1.98) 		52.1
(2.05) 		42.4
(1.67) 		488.7
(19.24)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 16.5 12.9 13.7 11.2 10.0 11.0 10.6 10.8 13.2 14.5 16.7 16.1 157.3
Average snowy days 12.6 10.3 7.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 11.4 48.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 42 64 134 228 341 319 331 302 186 122 55 37 2,161
Source: Danish Meteorological Institute[2]

Finland

Helsinki

Helsinki
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
54
 
 
−6
−14
 
 
41
 
 
−6
−14
 
 
34
 
 
1
−8
 
 
36
 
 
8
−1
 
 
39
 
 
16
5
 
 
64
 
 
21
11
 
 
64
 
 
24
14
 
 
78
 
 
22
13
 
 
62
 
 
16
8
 
 
79
 
 
8
2
 
 
70
 
 
0
−5
 
 
62
 
 
−5
−10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[6]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.1
 
 
21
8
 
 
1.6
 
 
21
7
 
 
1.3
 
 
33
19
 
 
1.4
 
 
47
30
 
 
1.5
 
 
61
42
 
 
2.5
 
 
69
51
 
 
2.5
 
 
74
57
 
 
3.1
 
 
71
55
 
 
2.4
 
 
60
46
 
 
3.1
 
 
46
35
 
 
2.8
 
 
32
24
 
 
2.4
 
 
24
13
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Helsinki Airport (Vantaa) 1991–2020 normals, records 1952–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		24.0
(75.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		31.4
(88.5) 		33.7
(92.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		27.7
(81.9) 		18.2
(64.8) 		11.4
(52.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		33.7
(92.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −6.3
(20.7) 		−6
(21) 		0.7
(33.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		16.0
(60.8) 		20.6
(69.1) 		23.5
(74.3) 		21.7
(71.1) 		15.7
(60.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		8.1
(46.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.8
(14.4) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		15.8
(60.4) 		18.8
(65.8) 		17.1
(62.8) 		11.6
(52.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		4.2
(39.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.6
(7.5) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		5.3
(41.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.8
(56.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−10.4
(13.3) 		0.1
(32.2)
Record low °C (°F) −42.4
(−44.3) 		−39.3
(−38.7) 		−29.7
(−21.5) 		−17.9
(−0.2) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−15.5
(4.1) 		−24.3
(−11.7) 		−38.3
(−36.9) 		−42.4
(−44.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 54
(2.1) 		41
(1.6) 		34
(1.3) 		36
(1.4) 		39
(1.5) 		64
(2.5) 		64
(2.5) 		78
(3.1) 		62
(2.4) 		79
(3.1) 		70
(2.8) 		62
(2.4) 		683
(26.7)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 24 21 16 12 12 14 13 15 15 18 21 24 205
Mean monthly sunshine hours 46 89 157 235 330 319 349 263 172 101 44 31 2,136
Percent possible sunshine 20 34 46 52 65 62 62 58 47 36 20 18 43
Source 1: FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991-2020[7]
Source 2: record highs and lows[8]

Turku

Turku
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
58
 
 
−6
−13
 
 
42
 
 
−5
−13
 
 
39
 
 
1
−7
 
 
32
 
 
8
−1
 
 
35
 
 
16
5
 
 
55
 
 
20
10
 
 
74
 
 
23
13
 
 
73
 
 
22
12
 
 
59
 
 
16
7
 
 
73
 
 
8
2
 
 
71
 
 
0
−4
 
 
73
 
 
−4
−10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[9]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.3
 
 
22
9
 
 
1.7
 
 
23
8
 
 
1.5
 
 
34
19
 
 
1.3
 
 
47
30
 
 
1.4
 
 
60
40
 
 
2.2
 
 
68
50
 
 
2.9
 
 
74
55
 
 
2.9
 
 
71
54
 
 
2.3
 
 
60
45
 
 
2.9
 
 
46
35
 
 
2.8
 
 
32
24
 
 
2.9
 
 
24
14
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Turku Airport (elevation 47 m) 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1900- present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		24.5
(76.1) 		30.0
(86.0) 		32.5
(90.5) 		36.4
(97.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		12.1
(53.8) 		9.0
(48.2) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −5.6
(21.9) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		1.1
(34.0) 		8.1
(46.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		23.1
(73.6) 		21.6
(70.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		7.8
(46.0) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		8.2
(46.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.3
(15.3) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		3.1
(37.6) 		10.0
(50.0) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		16.7
(62.1) 		11.3
(52.3) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		4.0
(39.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.0
(8.6) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.1
(53.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		0.0
(31.9)
Record low °C (°F) −42.0
(−43.6) 		−41.2
(−42.2) 		−35.3
(−31.5) 		−22.0
(−7.6) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		2.3
(36.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−16.0
(3.2) 		−24.8
(−12.6) 		−39.8
(−39.6) 		−42.0
(−43.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 58
(2.3) 		42
(1.7) 		39
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		35
(1.4) 		55
(2.2) 		74
(2.9) 		73
(2.9) 		59
(2.3) 		73
(2.9) 		71
(2.8) 		73
(2.9) 		684
(27.1)
Average precipitation days 11 9 8 7 7 8 8 10 9 11 13 12 113
Mean monthly sunshine hours 48 90 161 245 341 331 344 276 186 107 46 32 2,207
Source: Climatological statistics for the normal period 1991–2020[10]

Mariehamn

Mariehamn
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
53
 
 
−4
−11
 
 
35
 
 
−4
−12
 
 
38
 
 
2
−6
 
 
31
 
 
7
−1
 
 
35
 
 
13
4
 
 
53
 
 
18
9
 
 
52
 
 
21
13
 
 
76
 
 
21
12
 
 
61
 
 
16
8
 
 
70
 
 
9
3
 
 
71
 
 
2
−3
 
 
59
 
 
−3
−9
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[11]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.1
 
 
26
13
 
 
1.4
 
 
26
11
 
 
1.5
 
 
35
21
 
 
1.2
 
 
45
30
 
 
1.4
 
 
56
39
 
 
2.1
 
 
64
48
 
 
2
 
 
70
55
 
 
3
 
 
69
54
 
 
2.4
 
 
60
46
 
 
2.8
 
 
47
37
 
 
2.8
 
 
35
27
 
 
2.3
 
 
28
17
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Mariehamn Airport normals 1991-2020, extremes 1914 – present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0) 		8.5
(47.3) 		15.0
(59.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		27.1
(80.8) 		29.9
(85.8) 		31.8
(89.2) 		32.2
(90.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		9.1
(48.4) 		31.8
(89.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.5
(25.7) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		1.6
(34.9) 		7.0
(44.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.0
(64.4) 		21.3
(70.3) 		20.5
(68.9) 		15.5
(59.9) 		8.6
(47.5) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		8.2
(46.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.8
(19.8) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		2.8
(37.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.8
(56.8) 		17.3
(63.1) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.8
(53.2) 		5.8
(42.4) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		4.6
(40.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.8
(12.6) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		7.8
(46.0) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		0.6
(33.1)
Record low °C (°F) −38.8
(−37.8) 		−38.9
(−38.0) 		−27.5
(−17.5) 		−19.9
(−3.8) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		0.6
(33.1) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−34.9
(−30.8) 		−38.9
(−38.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 53
(2.1) 		35
(1.4) 		38
(1.5) 		31
(1.2) 		35
(1.4) 		53
(2.1) 		52
(2.0) 		76
(3.0) 		61
(2.4) 		70
(2.8) 		71
(2.8) 		59
(2.3) 		634
(25)
Average precipitation days 17 13 12 9 10 10 9 13 12 16 17 17 155
Mean monthly sunshine hours 47 89 156 248 356 355 374 282 196 109 49 31 2,292
Source 1: FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991–2020[7]
Source 2: record highs and lows 1961 – present[8]

FMI(record highs and lows 1914-1961)[12]

Estonia

Tallinn

Tallinn
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
56
 
 
−5
−12
 
 
40
 
 
−5
−12
 
 
37
 
 
1
−6
 
 
34
 
 
10
1
 
 
37
 
 
15
5
 
 
68
 
 
20
11
 
 
82
 
 
23
14
 
 
85
 
 
22
13
 
 
58
 
 
16
8
 
 
78
 
 
10
4
 
 
66
 
 
1
−4
 
 
59
 
 
−4
−9
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[13]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.2
 
 
23
10
 
 
1.6
 
 
23
10
 
 
1.5
 
 
34
21
 
 
1.3
 
 
49
33
 
 
1.5
 
 
60
41
 
 
2.7
 
 
68
51
 
 
3.2
 
 
74
57
 
 
3.3
 
 
72
56
 
 
2.3
 
 
61
47
 
 
3.1
 
 
49
39
 
 
2.6
 
 
33
25
 
 
2.3
 
 
25
16
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Tallinn, Estonia (normals 1991–2020 and extremes 1805–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.9
(57.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		33.6
(92.5) 		35.3
(95.5) 		35.2
(95.4) 		28.0
(82.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		9.6
(49.3) 		35.3
(95.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −5.2
(22.6) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		1.3
(34.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.2
(68.4) 		23.2
(73.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		16.1
(61.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		8.7
(47.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −8.4
(16.9) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		4.8
(40.6) 		10.2
(50.4) 		15.5
(59.9) 		18.6
(65.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		6.5
(43.7) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		4.8
(40.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −12.0
(10.4) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.2
(41.4) 		10.8
(51.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.4
(47.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		1.1
(33.9)
Record low °C (°F) −37.5
(−35.5) 		−34.7
(−30.5) 		−27.0
(−16.6) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		5.0
(41.0) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−22.3
(−8.1) 		−30.3
(−22.5) 		−37.5
(−35.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 56
(2.2) 		40
(1.6) 		37
(1.5) 		35
(1.4) 		37
(1.5) 		68
(2.7) 		82
(3.2) 		85
(3.3) 		58
(2.3) 		78
(3.1) 		66
(2.6) 		59
(2.3) 		700
(27.6)
Average rainy days 1 1 6 12 11 13 13 14 17 18 10 4 120
Average snowy days 21 20 14 5 0.2 0 0 0 0 2 12 20 94.2
Average relative humidity (%) 89 86 80 72 69 74 76 79 82 85 89 89 81
Average dew point °C (°F) −13
(9) 		−13
(9) 		−7
(19) 		0
(32) 		5
(41) 		10
(50) 		14
(57) 		14
(57) 		9
(48) 		4
(39) 		−3
(27) 		−8
(18) 		1
(34)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 35.6 70.6 178.1 260.8 367.2 353.2 374.5 306.7 194.8 106.0 34.9 24.8 2,307.2
Average ultraviolet index 0 1 1 3 4 5 5 4 3 1 0 0 2
Source 1: Estonian Weather Service[14][15][16][17][18]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (average ultraviolet index),[19] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)[20]

Latvia

Riga

Riga
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
47
 
 
−4
−11
 
 
40
 
 
−4
−11
 
 
34
 
 
3
−4
 
 
35
 
 
12
3
 
 
48
 
 
18
8
 
 
65
 
 
22
13
 
 
80
 
 
25
16
 
 
78
 
 
24
15
 
 
67
 
 
17
10
 
 
76
 
 
11
5
 
 
56
 
 
1
−2
 
 
50
 
 
−4
−8
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[21]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.8
 
 
25
13
 
 
1.6
 
 
25
13
 
 
1.3
 
 
38
24
 
 
1.4
 
 
53
37
 
 
1.9
 
 
64
47
 
 
2.6
 
 
72
56
 
 
3.1
 
 
77
61
 
 
3.1
 
 
75
59
 
 
2.6
 
 
63
50
 
 
3
 
 
51
41
 
 
2.2
 
 
34
28
 
 
2
 
 
26
17
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Riga (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1885-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		11.6
(52.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		27.9
(82.2) 		30.5
(86.9) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		34.9
(94.8) 		29.4
(84.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		35.5
(95.9)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5) 		2.1
(35.8) 		11.2
(52.2) 		21.5
(70.7) 		26.3
(79.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.4
(86.7) 		23.9
(75.0) 		17.3
(63.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		1.7
(35.1) 		32.4
(90.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		3.3
(37.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		22.3
(72.1) 		24.8
(76.6) 		23.7
(74.7) 		17.3
(63.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		10.1
(50.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.1
(19.2) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.3
(68.5) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.4
(56.1) 		7.5
(45.5) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		6.4
(43.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.5
(13.1) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		2.9
(37.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.1
(59.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		4.9
(40.8) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		2.8
(37.1)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −22.9
(−9.2) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−12.9
(8.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		0.2
(32.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		10.3
(50.5) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		−26.8
(−16.2)
Record low °C (°F) −46.2
(−51.2) 		−46.9
(−52.4) 		−35.3
(−31.5) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−27.5
(−17.5) 		−43.9
(−47.0) 		−46.9
(−52.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.5
(1.83) 		40.1
(1.58) 		34.1
(1.34) 		35.0
(1.38) 		47.5
(1.87) 		65.0
(2.56) 		79.5
(3.13) 		77.9
(3.07) 		67.1
(2.64) 		75.6
(2.98) 		56.3
(2.22) 		50.2
(1.98) 		674.8
(26.58)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 45.0
(17.7) 		43.6
(17.2) 		25.7
(10.1) 		5.2
(2.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.2
(0.5) 		27.0
(10.6) 		52.0
(20.5) 		199.7
(78.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0mm) 9.4 7.0 8.2 8.0 7.7 8.9 11.2 10.9 12.3 11.6 12.5 12.2 119.9
Average relative humidity (%) 87.9 85.2 79.4 69.7 67.7 72.0 74.2 76.7 81.1 85.1 90.2 89.4 79.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 43.9 77.0 169.4 244.3 344.0 338.6 349.4 300.5 200.0 114.6 43.3 29.3 2,254.3
Average ultraviolet index 0 1 2 3 5 6 5 5 3 1 0 0 3
Source 1: Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency (temperature, precipitation and sunshine)[22][18]
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1961-1990),[23] Weather Atlas,[24] and World Weather Online (snowfall)[25]

Ventspils

Ventspils
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
59
 
 
−3
−9
 
 
46
 
 
−3
−9
 
 
39
 
 
2
−4
 
 
32
 
 
9
3
 
 
37
 
 
14
7
 
 
50
 
 
19
13
 
 
64
 
 
22
16
 
 
76
 
 
22
16
 
 
64
 
 
17
11
 
 
85
 
 
11
6
 
 
71
 
 
3
−1
 
 
71
 
 
−2
−7
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[21]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.3
 
 
26
16
 
 
1.8
 
 
27
15
 
 
1.5
 
 
36
26
 
 
1.2
 
 
48
37
 
 
1.4
 
 
57
45
 
 
2
 
 
66
55
 
 
2.5
 
 
71
60
 
 
3
 
 
72
60
 
 
2.5
 
 
62
51
 
 
3.3
 
 
52
43
 
 
2.8
 
 
37
30
 
 
2.8
 
 
29
20
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Ventspils (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1873−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		18.6
(65.5) 		26.1
(79.0) 		31.7
(89.1) 		34.1
(93.4) 		35.8
(96.4) 		38.8
(101.8) 		30.2
(86.4) 		22.6
(72.7) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.5
(50.9) 		39.8
(103.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		2.2
(36.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.9
(57.0) 		18.7
(65.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.1
(71.8) 		16.8
(62.2) 		11.1
(52.0) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		9.2
(48.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.0
(21.2) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		15.5
(59.9) 		18.8
(65.8) 		18.8
(65.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		8.6
(47.5) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		6.3
(43.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		7.3
(45.1) 		12.5
(54.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		10.8
(51.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		3.4
(38.1)
Record low °C (°F) −38.1
(−36.6) 		−35.5
(−31.9) 		−29.2
(−20.6) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		1.5
(34.7) 		5.2
(41.4) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−31.0
(−23.8) 		−38.1
(−36.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.3
(2.33) 		46.3
(1.82) 		38.9
(1.53) 		31.6
(1.24) 		36.8
(1.45) 		49.6
(1.95) 		63.5
(2.50) 		75.9
(2.99) 		64.4
(2.54) 		84.8
(3.34) 		70.6
(2.78) 		71.2
(2.80) 		692.9
(27.27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 13 9 10 7 7 8 8 10 10 14 14 14 124
Mean monthly sunshine hours 25.4 60.5 153.7 289.2 359.2 397.2 407.5 351.7 249.6 124.0 29.3 30.1 2,477.4
Source 1: LVĢMC[26][27]
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1981-2010),[28] infoclimat.fr (sunshine 1991-2020)[29]

Daugavpils

Daugavpils
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
40
 
 
−6
−14
 
 
39
 
 
−5
−14
 
 
36
 
 
3
−7
 
 
35
 
 
12
1
 
 
62
 
 
18
6
 
 
74
 
 
22
11
 
 
73
 
 
25
13
 
 
72
 
 
24
12
 
 
56
 
 
17
7
 
 
59
 
 
10
3
 
 
48
 
 
0
−4
 
 
43
 
 
−5
−11
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[30]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.6
 
 
21
8
 
 
1.5
 
 
23
7
 
 
1.4
 
 
37
20
 
 
1.4
 
 
54
34
 
 
2.4
 
 
65
42
 
 
2.9
 
 
72
51
 
 
2.9
 
 
76
56
 
 
2.8
 
 
74
54
 
 
2.2
 
 
63
45
 
 
2.3
 
 
50
37
 
 
1.9
 
 
32
24
 
 
1.7
 
 
23
13
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Daugavpils (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1891−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4) 		11.1
(52.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		27.4
(81.3) 		31.8
(89.2) 		34.1
(93.4) 		36.1
(97.0) 		34.5
(94.1) 		31.3
(88.3) 		23.6
(74.5) 		16.3
(61.3) 		8.6
(47.5) 		36.1
(97.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 0.1
(32.2) 		1.1
(34.0) 		10.6
(51.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		26.4
(79.5) 		29.1
(84.4) 		31.2
(88.2) 		30.3
(86.5) 		24.4
(75.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		6.9
(44.4) 		1.2
(34.2) 		32.4
(90.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −6.3
(20.7) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		12.2
(54.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.4
(72.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		23.5
(74.3) 		17.0
(62.6) 		9.9
(49.8) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		9.5
(49.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.6
(14.7) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		6.7
(44.1) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		11.9
(53.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−7.7
(18.1) 		5.0
(41.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.5
(7.7) 		−13.7
(7.3) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		1.1
(34.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		12.0
(53.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		0.3
(32.5)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −28.2
(−18.8) 		−27.0
(−16.6) 		−16.4
(2.5) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		4.4
(39.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		5.8
(42.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−13.5
(7.7) 		−20.9
(−5.6) 		−32.2
(−26.0)
Record low °C (°F) −49.2
(−56.6) 		−49.2
(−56.6) 		−34.5
(−30.1) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−14.7
(5.5) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−44.7
(−48.5) 		−49.2
(−56.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40.3
(1.59) 		38.7
(1.52) 		35.5
(1.40) 		34.6
(1.36) 		61.6
(2.43) 		74.2
(2.92) 		72.9
(2.87) 		71.7
(2.82) 		56.1
(2.21) 		58.6
(2.31) 		48.4
(1.91) 		42.8
(1.69) 		635.4
(25.03)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.6 7.7 8.5 8.0 9.2 9.9 11.1 10.2 11.7 9.8 11.4 11.9 119.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 42.1 74.6 160.1 234.1 324.2 326.3 332.6 293.4 187.7 105.5 36.6 29.9 2,147.1
Source 1: LVĢMC[31][32]
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1961–1990)[23] Infoclimat[33]

Lithuania

Vilnius

Vilnius
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
39
 
 
−6
−12
 
 
34
 
 
−5
−12
 
 
37
 
 
3
−5
 
 
46
 
 
13
3
 
 
52
 
 
19
9
 
 
73
 
 
24
13
 
 
79
 
 
26
16
 
 
76
 
 
25
15
 
 
65
 
 
18
10
 
 
52
 
 
10
4
 
 
52
 
 
0
−4
 
 
49
 
 
−5
−10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[34]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.5
 
 
21
10
 
 
1.4
 
 
24
11
 
 
1.5
 
 
37
23
 
 
1.8
 
 
55
37
 
 
2.1
 
 
67
47
 
 
2.9
 
 
75
56
 
 
3.1
 
 
78
60
 
 
3
 
 
77
58
 
 
2.6
 
 
65
49
 
 
2
 
 
50
39
 
 
2
 
 
32
26
 
 
1.9
 
 
22
14
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Vilnius (1991–2020 normals, sun 1961–1990, extremes 1777–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		32.8
(91.0) 		36.2
(97.2) 		38.4
(101.1) 		36.9
(98.4) 		34.1
(93.4) 		24.5
(76.1) 		14.5
(58.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		38.4
(101.1)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		1.7
(35.1) 		11.6
(52.9) 		22.4
(72.3) 		27.7
(81.9) 		30.8
(87.4) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.3
(90.1) 		26.4
(79.5) 		18.3
(64.9) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.1
(34.0) 		34.1
(93.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		2.9
(37.2) 		12.6
(54.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		23.7
(74.7) 		25.8
(78.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		10.2
(50.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.4
(15.1) 		−8.1
(17.4) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		20.7
(69.3) 		19.9
(67.8) 		14.0
(57.2) 		7.0
(44.6) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−7.7
(18.1) 		6.1
(43.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −12.4
(9.7) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		14.7
(58.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		2.1
(35.7)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −25.8
(−14.4) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		1.1
(34.0) 		6.9
(44.4) 		10.1
(50.2) 		8.8
(47.8) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−20.1
(−4.2) 		−28.5
(−19.3)
Record low °C (°F) −43.7
(−46.7) 		−41.8
(−43.2) 		−32.1
(−25.8) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		2.1
(35.8) 		5.5
(41.9) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−26.3
(−15.3) 		−36.5
(−33.7) 		−43.7
(−46.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.9
(1.53) 		34.4
(1.35) 		37.0
(1.46) 		46.2
(1.82) 		52.1
(2.05) 		72.7
(2.86) 		79.3
(3.12) 		75.8
(2.98) 		65.2
(2.57) 		51.5
(2.03) 		51.5
(2.03) 		49.2
(1.94) 		653.8
(25.74)
Average precipitation days 21.7 18.4 17.5 10.2 12.4 11.7 11.4 10.5 9.7 13.5 16.7 21.2 174.9
Average dew point °C (°F) −12
(10) 		−11
(12) 		−6
(21) 		1
(34) 		7
(45) 		12
(54) 		15
(59) 		14
(57) 		10
(50) 		4
(39) 		−4
(25) 		−9
(16) 		2
(35)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 44 84 140 198 290 277 264 260 169 112 40 30 1,908
Average ultraviolet index 0 1 2 3 5 6 6 5 3 2 1 0 3
Source: WMO (avg high and low)[35] NOAA (sun, extremes, and mean temperatures),[23] Météo Climat,[36] Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985–2015)[37] and Weather Atlas[38]

Klaipėda

Klaipėda
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
73
 
 
−3
−9
 
 
51
 
 
−3
−9
 
 
47
 
 
3
−4
 
 
36
 
 
11
3
 
 
44
 
 
17
9
 
 
60
 
 
21
14
 
 
74
 
 
24
17
 
 
97
 
 
24
17
 
 
90
 
 
19
12
 
 
108
 
 
12
6
 
 
90
 
 
3
−1
 
 
80
 
 
−2
−7
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[39]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.9
 
 
26
15
 
 
2
 
 
27
16
 
 
1.9
 
 
37
26
 
 
1.4
 
 
51
38
 
 
1.7
 
 
63
47
 
 
2.4
 
 
70
56
 
 
2.9
 
 
75
62
 
 
3.8
 
 
76
62
 
 
3.5
 
 
66
53
 
 
4.3
 
 
53
43
 
 
3.5
 
 
37
30
 
 
3.1
 
 
29
20
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Klaipėda (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1929-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5) 		13.4
(56.1) 		17.6
(63.7) 		28.9
(84.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		35.8
(96.4) 		36.0
(96.8) 		38.6
(101.5) 		31.4
(88.5) 		22.9
(73.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		38.6
(101.5)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 1.6
(34.9) 		1.7
(35.1) 		9.1
(48.4) 		21.0
(69.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		29.6
(85.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		31.2
(88.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		17.5
(63.5) 		7.6
(45.7) 		2.5
(36.5) 		33.3
(91.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.2
(26.2) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		3.0
(37.4) 		10.8
(51.4) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.3
(75.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		10.5
(50.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		7.1
(44.8) 		12.8
(55.0) 		17.5
(63.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.0
(48.2) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		7.2
(45.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.4
(15.1) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		3.1
(37.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.6
(56.5) 		16.7
(62.1) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.8
(53.2) 		6.2
(43.2) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		3.9
(39.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −20.0
(−4.0) 		−18.0
(−0.4) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		1.6
(34.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		4.8
(40.6) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−22.9
(−9.2)
Record low °C (°F) −38.5
(−37.3) 		−39.4
(−38.9) 		−23.3
(−9.9) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		7.2
(45.0) 		4.9
(40.8) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−18.1
(−0.6) 		−30.1
(−22.2) 		−39.4
(−38.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 73.4
(2.89) 		50.7
(2.00) 		47.1
(1.85) 		36.2
(1.43) 		43.7
(1.72) 		59.7
(2.35) 		74.1
(2.92) 		96.8
(3.81) 		89.5
(3.52) 		108.3
(4.26) 		90.1
(3.55) 		79.9
(3.15) 		853.1
(33.59)
Average precipitation days 14.77 11.35 10.05 7.45 7.59 9.22 9.42 11.67 11.55 14.86 14.49 15.39 138.72
Average relative humidity (%) 85 84 79 76 76 78 78 76 80 82 88 87 81
Average dew point °C (°F) −11
(12) 		−10
(14) 		−5
(23) 		2
(36) 		8
(46) 		13
(55) 		17
(63) 		16
(61) 		12
(54) 		6
(43) 		−1
(30) 		−6
(21) 		3
(38)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 41 78 146 216 317 342 329 302 200 120 48 34 2,173
Source 1: Météo Climat[40]
Source 2: NOAA,[23] Time and Date (humidity and dewpoints, 2005-2015)[41]

Russia

Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
68
 
 
−3
−10
 
 
54
 
 
−2
−9
 
 
49
 
 
5
−3
 
 
38
 
 
13
3
 
 
52
 
 
19
9
 
 
69
 
 
23
13
 
 
91
 
 
26
16
 
 
91
 
 
25
15
 
 
73
 
 
19
10
 
 
86
 
 
12
5
 
 
76
 
 
3
−2
 
 
69
 
 
−2
−8
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[42]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.7
 
 
26
14
 
 
2.1
 
 
29
16
 
 
1.9
 
 
40
26
 
 
1.5
 
 
56
38
 
 
2
 
 
67
47
 
 
2.7
 
 
74
56
 
 
3.6
 
 
78
61
 
 
3.6
 
 
78
60
 
 
2.9
 
 
67
51
 
 
3.4
 
 
54
41
 
 
3
 
 
37
29
 
 
2.7
 
 
28
18
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Kaliningrad (1991–2020, extremes 1848–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3) 		14.9
(58.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		28.5
(83.3) 		31.6
(88.9) 		36.0
(96.8) 		38.3
(100.9) 		38.5
(101.3) 		34.8
(94.6) 		26.4
(79.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		11.3
(52.3) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		4.6
(40.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		12.2
(54.0) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		11.5
(52.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		0.4
(32.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		7.2
(45.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.0
(14.0) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.3
(55.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.4
(50.7) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		3.3
(38.0)
Record low °C (°F) −39.0
(−38.2) 		−39.3
(−38.7) 		−24.2
(−11.6) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		2.7
(36.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−22.2
(−8.0) 		−31.6
(−24.9) 		−39.3
(−38.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 68
(2.7) 		54
(2.1) 		49
(1.9) 		38
(1.5) 		52
(2.0) 		69
(2.7) 		91
(3.6) 		91
(3.6) 		73
(2.9) 		86
(3.4) 		76
(3.0) 		69
(2.7) 		816
(32.1)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 37
(15) 		51
(20) 		43
(17) 		4
(1.6) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		8
(3.1) 		21
(8.3) 		57
(22)
Average rainy days 4 6 11 14 14 16 15 16 17 18 12 6 149
Average snowy days 25 22 13 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 23 100
Average relative humidity (%) 85 83 78 72 71 74 75 77 81 83 86 87 79
Mean monthly sunshine hours 42 73 144 205 304 317 308 274 190 115 46 31 2,049
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[43]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[23]
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