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* {{cite web |author = Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library (1) |year = 2021 |title = Macassa (1888, Propeller) |url = https://greatlakeships.org/2907205/data?n=1 |access-date = November 12, 2021 |publisher = [[Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library]] |location = Alpena, Michigan }} |
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Revision as of 14:03, 1 April 2024
44°51′42.98″N 80°52′48.25″W / 44.8619389°N 80.8800694°W
 Macassa before she was rebuilt in 1905
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Canada | |
| Name |
|
| Owner |
|
| Port of registry | Hamilton, Ontario |
| Ordered | 1887 |
| Builder | William Hamilton & Company of Port Glasgow, Scotland |
| Yard number | 64 |
| In service | May 2, 1888 |
| Out of service | September 15, 1928 |
| Identification | Canadian official number 93932 |
| Fate | Sank in a storm on Lake Huron |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Passenger and package freighter |
| Tonnage | |
| Length |
|
| Beam | 24.1 feet (7.3 m) |
| Depth | 16.3 feet (5.0 m) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 2 × fixed pitch propellers |
| Speed | 18 knots (20.7 mph) |
| Capacity | 1,476 long tons (1,653 short tons; 1,500 t) (post 1905) |
SS Manasoo (originally named Macassa) was a steel-hulled Canadian passenger and package freighter in service between 1888 and 1928. She was built in 1888 in Port Glasgow, Scotland, by William Hamilton & Company for the Hamilton Steamboat Company of Hamilton, Ontario. During this time, she carried passengers between Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario. Macassa was lengthened in Collingwood, Ontario, in 1905. She was sold twice before being sold to the Owen Sound Transportation Company, Ltd., and was rebuilt and renamed Manasoo; she mainly operated between Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and Owen Sound, Ontario.
On September 14, 1928, Manasoo left the Manitoulin Island port of Manitowaning, Ontario, under the command of Captain John McKay. There were seventeen crewmen, four passengers, 115 cows and one bull on board. By the time Manasoo had cleared the North Channel of Lake Huron, a sizeable storm had developed. By 2:00 a.m. the next day, Manasoo had begun to list to port. Despite efforts to correct it, the list worsened. As she was off Griffith Island, Manasoo rolled over and sank. Five crewmen and one passenger climbed on to the life raft. One of the crew later died of exposure, while the rest were rescued by the steamer Manitoba. 16 people died when Manasoo sank.
The location of Manasoo's wreck was unknown for nearly 90 years, until it was found on June 30, 2018 by Jerry Eliason and Ken Merryman of Minnesota, and Cris Kohl of Windsor, Ontario. The wreck rests intact in 210 feet (64.0 m) of water, with its stern embedded in the lake bottom.
History
Design and construction
Beginning in the mid-1840s, Canadian companies began importing iron vessels, prefabricated by shipyards in the United Kingdom. However, it would not be until 1889 that the first steel-hulled Canadian ship, Manitoba, was built on the Great Lakes.[1][2] In 1887, the Hamilton Steamboat Company, a fleet managed by Tunis Bruce Griffith of Hamilton, Ontario, placed an order for a steel steamship with William Hamilton & Company, a shipyard located on the banks of the River Clyde in Port Glasgow, Scotland.[3][4][5]
Hull number 64 was christened Macassa by E. B. Hamilton of Benclutha, Port Glasgow.[6][7] She was licenced to carry 536 passengers, and was equipped with an elegant interior consisting of carved, polished hardwood panels, velvet sofas, silk curtains and velvet carpets. She was also equipped with electric lights.[3][6][8] Her main deck was completely enclosed, while her promenade deck was almost completely open, save for a small cabin. She had a single tall mast located forward of her pilothouse.[5]
Macassa was clinker built.[4] Her hull was 155 feet (47.2 m) (one source states 154.45 feet (47.1 m)) long, while another states she had an overall length of 166 feet (50.6 m).[4][5][6][9] Her beam was 24.1 feet (7.3 m) (some sources state 24 feet (7.3 m)) wide, while her hull was 16.3 feet (5.0 m) (some sources state 16 feet (4.9 m) or 16.25 feet (5.0 m)) deep.[4][5][10][11] Macassa had a gross tonnage of 574 tons, a net tonnage of 459 tons.[5][9]
She was powered by two 410 hp (310 kW) 135 rpm triple expansion steam engines; the cylinders of the engine were 11 inches (27.9 cm), 18 inches (45.7 cm) and 29 inches (73.7 cm) in diameter, and had a stroke of 22 inches (55.9 cm).[4][5] Steam for the engine was provided by a single coal-fired, 12.6 feet (3.8 m) by 10.9 feet (3.3 m) Scotch marine boiler, which had a working pressure of150 pounds per square inch (1,000 kPa).[12] The engine was built by William Kemp of Glasgow, Scotland, while the boiler was manufactured by Burnett & Company of Govan.[4][5] Macassa had a top speed of 18 knots (20.7 mph).[3]
Service history
Macassa was accepted by the Hamilton Steamboat Company after she completed her sea trials on the River Clyde.[5] She was registered in Glasgow, Scotland, on May 2, 1888, and left for Hamilton on May 16.[13] Macassa's trip across the Atlantic Ocean took 15 days, as ice had slowed her progress.[6] She arrived in Hamilton on the morning of June 7. She was given the Canadian official number 93932 when she was registered in Hamilton on June 29, 1888.[4][5] She was engaged in the passenger trade between Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario. Early in her career, she also stopped at Lorne Park, Oakville, Ontario, and Burlington Beach.[4][5][6][14]
While in Hamilton on August 12, 1892, a cook's assistant on board Macassa lent against a gangway, fell overboard and drowned.[15] She made a 39 miles (62.8 km) trip between Burlington, Ontario, and Port Dalhousie, Ontario, on April 6, 1894, in an hour and fifty minutes.[16]
In an effort to make Macassa more profitable, she was sent to the Collingwood Shipbuilding Company of Collingwood, Ontario in 1905 to be lengthened.[17] After she was lengthened, her hull became 178.4 feet (54.4 m) long, and had a gross tonnage of 529 tons, a net tonnage of 234 tons, and a carrying capacity of 1,476 long tons (1,653 short tons; 1,500 t).[4][5][9][18] The new piece was inserted between her pilothouse and funnel. Officers quarters were constructed behind the pilothouse, the cabin on the promenade deck was enlarged, her mast was moved behind the pilothouse, and a second mast was installed aft.[5][19] The lengthening significantly decreased Macassa's length to beam ratio, causing her to roll badly even in moderate weather.[5][19]
Macassa was damaged in March 1906, in Port Dalhousie.[20] On September 19, that same year, a deckhand on board Macassa lost his foot after it became entangled in a mooring line while she was in Hamilton.[21] Macassa had a new propeller fitted in Kingston, Ontario, in 1909.[22]
In 1911, the Hamilton Steamboat Company merged into the Niagara Navigation Company, a company that operated passenger ships between Toronto, and various Niagara River ports.[4][5] In 1912, the Niagara Navigation Company was absorbed into the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company, which itself was merged into the Canada Transportation Company of Montreal, Quebec, on June 11, 1913. The Canada Transportation Company was renamed Canada Steamship Lines later in 1913.[4][5]
Late in the summer of 1912, Macassa ran a special service from Coburg, Port Hope, Bowmanville, and Oshawa, Ontario, to Toronto, where she ferried passengers to and from the Canadian National Exhibition.[4][5] While with Canada Steamship Lines, Macassa frequently travelled between Grimsby, Ontario, Hamilton and Toronto.[5] She was used as the official boat for the Wrigley Marathon Swim.[5] At the end of the 1927 shipping season, Macassa was laid up in Toronto.[5]
In the winter of 1927, Macassa was sold to the Owen Sound Transportation Company of Owen Sound, Ontario, and was rebuilt in Toronto.[5][12][23] Macassa was renamed Manasoo, a combination of Manitoulin Island and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.[24] Her promenade deck was covered with passenger cabins, and her pilothouse and masts were replaced.[5] After her rebuild, she was licenced to carry 70 passengers.[12]
Manasoo left Toronto for Owen Sound on April 22, 1928.[5][25] Along the way, she stopped in Goderich, Lion's Head and Wiarton, Ontario, before arriving in Owen Sound on April 27, after which she travelled to Collingwood, where she was drydocked for an inspection.[26] After entering service in May, she mainly operated between Sault Ste. Marie and Owen Sound, via the North Channel. Manasoo carried passengers and miscellaneous freight.[5]
Final voyage
Manasoo wreck
Discovery
Manasoo today
References
- ^ Bugbee (1) (1962), p. 24.
- ^ Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library (2) (2021).
- ^ a b c Copland (1898).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library (1) (2021).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Toronto Marine Historical Society (1979).
- ^ a b c d e The British Whig (2) (1888).
- ^ Steamboat Stories (2021), p. 5.
- ^ Steamboat Stories (2021), pp. 4–5.
- ^ a b c Bowling Green State University (2021).
- ^ Bowling Green University (2021).
- ^ Swayze (2001).
- ^ a b c Maritime History of the Great Lakes (1) (1928).
- ^ The British Whig (1) (1888).
- ^ Inland Lloyd's (1902), p. 29.
- ^ The British Whig (1892).
- ^ The British Whig (1894).
- ^ Maritime History of the Great Lakes (1905).
- ^ The Marine Review (1909), p. 17.
- ^ a b Steamboat Stories (2021), p. 7.
- ^ The British Whig (1) (1906).
- ^ The British Whig (2) (1906).
- ^ The British Whig (1909).
- ^ Steamboat Stories (2021), pp. 9–10.
- ^ Gmiter (2018).
- ^ Steamboat Stories (2021), p. 10.
- ^ Steamboat Stories (2021), pp. 10–11.