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| related = [[Ojibwe]], [[Cree]]
| related = [[Ojibwe]], [[Cree]]
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The '''Oji-Cree''' or Anisininew<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855</ref> are a [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] in the [[Canada|Canadian]] provinces of [[Ontario]] and [[Manitoba]], residing in a narrow band extending from the [[Missinaibi River]] region in [[Northeastern Ontario]] at the east to [[Lake Winnipeg]] at the west.
The '''Oji-Cree''' or Anisininew<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855</ref> are a [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] in the [[Canada|Canadian]] provinces of [[Ontario]] and [[Manitoba]], residing in a band extending from the [[Missinaibi River]] region in [[Northeastern Ontario]] at the east to [[Lake Winnipeg]] at the west.


The Oji-Cree people are descended from historical intermarriage between the [[Ojibwa]] and [[Cree]] cultures, but are generally considered a nation distinct from either of their ancestral groups.<ref>https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/iid/aid/brochure.pdf</ref> They are considered one of the component groups of [[Anishinaabe]], and reside primarily in a transitional zone between traditional Ojibwa lands to their south and traditional Cree lands to their north. Historically, the Oji-Cree were identified by the British and Canadian governments as "Cree." The Oji-Cree have identified with the Cree (or more specifically, the [[Swampy Cree]]) and not with the Ojibwa located to the south of them. Traditionally, they were called ''Noopiming-ininiwag'' (People in the Woods) by the Ojibwe. Oji-Cree at [[Round Lake First Nation]] were known as ''Ajijaakoons'' (little cranes), due to their chief's name, ''Ajijaak''. The Oji-Cree identify by the [[Endonym|autonym]] ''Anishinaabe'' or ''Anishinini'' (Original Human). In 2024, 22 different First Nations governments officially adopted the name Anisininew to replace the term "Oji-Cree."<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855</ref>
The Oji-Cree people are descended from historical intermarriage between the [[Ojibwa]] and [[Cree]] cultures, but are generally considered a nation distinct from either of their ancestral groups.<ref>https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/iid/aid/brochure.pdf</ref> They are considered one of the component groups of [[Anishinaabe]], and reside primarily in a transitional zone between traditional Ojibwa lands to their south and traditional Cree lands to their north. Historically, the Oji-Cree were identified by the British and Canadian governments as "Cree." The Oji-Cree have identified with the Cree (or more specifically, the [[Swampy Cree]]) and not with the Ojibwa located to the south of them. {{cn}} Traditionally, they were called ''Noopiming-ininiwag'' (People in the Woods) by the Ojibwe. Oji-Cree at [[Round Lake First Nation]] were known as ''Ajijaakoons'' (little cranes), due to their chief's name, ''Ajijaak''.{{cn}} The Oji-Cree identify by the [[Endonym|autonym]] ''Anishinaabe'' or ''Anishinini'' (Original Human). In 2024, 22 different First Nations governments officially adopted the name Anisininew to replace the term "Oji-Cree."<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855</ref>


Their language and culture also derive from mixed Ojibwa and Cree traditions. ''Anishininimowin'' (the [[Oji-Cree language]]) is more closely related to [[Ojibwa language|Ojibwa]] structurally, although its literary tradition more closely resembles that of [[Cree language|Cree]]. ''Anishinaabemowin'' has about 12,600 speakers.<ref>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928 Statistics Canada: Various languages spoken (147)]</ref>
''Anishininimowin'' (the [[Oji-Cree language]]) is more closely related to [[Ojibwa language|Ojibwa]] structurally, although its literary tradition more closely resembles that of [[Cree language|Cree]].{{cn}} The Oji-Cree language has about 13,630 speakers according to the 2016 census.<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=41&Geo=01</ref>


== Oji-Cree bands ==
== Oji-Cree bands ==

Revision as of 05:13, 28 April 2024

Oji-Cree
Anishinini
Distribution of Anishinaabe peoples; the Oji-Cree are depicted by the orange band.
Regions with significant populations
Canada (Ontario, Manitoba)
Languages
Oji-Cree, English
Related ethnic groups
Ojibwe, Cree

The Oji-Cree or Anisininew[1] are a First Nation in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba, residing in a band extending from the Missinaibi River region in Northeastern Ontario at the east to Lake Winnipeg at the west.

The Oji-Cree people are descended from historical intermarriage between the Ojibwa and Cree cultures, but are generally considered a nation distinct from either of their ancestral groups.[2] They are considered one of the component groups of Anishinaabe, and reside primarily in a transitional zone between traditional Ojibwa lands to their south and traditional Cree lands to their north. Historically, the Oji-Cree were identified by the British and Canadian governments as "Cree." The Oji-Cree have identified with the Cree (or more specifically, the Swampy Cree) and not with the Ojibwa located to the south of them. [citation needed] Traditionally, they were called Noopiming-ininiwag (People in the Woods) by the Ojibwe. Oji-Cree at Round Lake First Nation were known as Ajijaakoons (little cranes), due to their chief's name, Ajijaak.[citation needed] The Oji-Cree identify by the autonym Anishinaabe or Anishinini (Original Human). In 2024, 22 different First Nations governments officially adopted the name Anisininew to replace the term "Oji-Cree."[3]

Anishininimowin (the Oji-Cree language) is more closely related to Ojibwa structurally, although its literary tradition more closely resembles that of Cree.[citation needed] The Oji-Cree language has about 13,630 speakers according to the 2016 census.[4]

Oji-Cree bands

References

  1. ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855
  2. ^ https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/iid/aid/brochure.pdf
  3. ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anisininew-gathering-of-nations-winnipeg-1.7116855
  4. ^ https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=41&Geo=01

Further reading

  • Favel, Fred (2001). Northern Lights and Satellites: Kenina Kakekayash, Oji-Cree, Director of Radio, Wawatay Radio Network. Ottawa: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. ISBN 0-662-65945-7.
  • Long, John (2010). Treaty No. 9: Making the Agreement to Share the Land in Far Northern Ontario in 1905. Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-77353-760-6.
  • Macfie, John; Johnston, Basil (1991). Hudson Bay Watershed A Photographic Memoir of the Ojibway, Cree, and Oji-Cree. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 1-55002-088-9.
  • Rogers, Edward S.; Taylor, Garth (1978). "Northern Ojibwa". In Sturtevant, William C. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 6: Subarctic. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-160-04578-9.
  • Triggs-Raine, B. L.; Kirkpatrick, R. D.; Kelly, S. L.; Norquay, L. D.; Cattini, P. A.; Yamagata, K.; Hanley, A. J.; Zinman, B.; Harris, S. B.; Barrett, P. H.; Hegele, R. A. (2002). "HNF-1alpha G319S, a Transactivation-Deficient Mutant, Is Associated with Altered Dynamics of Diabetes Onset in an Oji-Cree Community". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (7): 4614–4619. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.4614T. doi:10.1073/pnas.062059799. PMC 123696. PMID 11904371.
  • Valentine, Lisa Philips (1995). "Making It Their Own /Severn Ojibwe Communicative Practices". Anthropological Horizons. Vol. 7. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0643-4.
  • Valentine, Lisa Philips (1990). "Work to Create the Future You Want": Contemporary Discourse in a Severn Ojibwe Community.
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