Jump to content

Karl Reich: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
4,975,572 edits
Altered template type. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | #UCB_CommandLine
cleanup
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|German canary breeder and aviculturist}}
{{Short description|German canary breeder and aviculturist}}
'''Ernst Karl Reich''' (1885–1970<ref name=":0" /> / 1871–1944 )<ref>Note: some sources have the dates as 1871–1944</ref> was a German businessman and aviculturist who maintained nightingales and canaries at his aviary in Bremen. Along with [[Hans Duncker]] he carried out breeding experiments on canaries. In 1910 the first commercial gramophone records of bird songs included the songs of nightingales from his aviary. He was able to get a nightingale to perch and sing right into the horn of the early recording equipment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Petri |first1=Olga |last2=Howell |first2=Philip |date=2020-03-20 |title=From the Dawn Chorus to the Canary Choir: Notes on the Unnatural History of Birdsong |url=https://humanimalia.org/article/view/9457 |journal=Humanimalia |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=163–192 |doi=10.52537/humanimalia.9457 |s2cid=243562745 |issn=2151-8645 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
'''Ernst Karl Reich''' (1885–1970<ref name=":0" />{{efn|Some sources have the dates as 1871–1944}}) was a German businessman and aviculturist who kept [[Common nightingale|nightingales]] and canaries at his aviary in [[Bremen]]. Along with [[Hans Duncker]], he carried out breeding experiments on canaries. The first commercial [[gramophone]] records of bird songs included the songs of nightingales from his aviary. He had a nightingale sing into the horn of the recording equipment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Petri |first1=Olga |last2=Howell |first2=Philip |date=2020-03-20 |title=From the Dawn Chorus to the Canary Choir: Notes on the Unnatural History of Birdsong |url=https://humanimalia.org/article/view/9457 |journal=Humanimalia |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=163–192 |doi=10.52537/humanimalia.9457 |s2cid=243562745 |issn=2151-8645 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


Reich was a businessman in [[Bremen]] and ran a hardware store. He lived on Am Wall.<ref name=":1" />
⚫
Reich was a businessman in [[Bremen]] and ran a hardware store on Fedelhörenstrasse and lived on Am Wall. He was a keen aviculturist and breeder of canaries and other birds. Along with [[Karl Gustav Hartwig]] and Carl Röben he was a founding member of the "Gesellschaft zum Schutze der heimischen Vögel" on 17 March 1914 which later became the Bremer Naturschutzgesellschaft (BNG).<ref>{{cite news |last=Reineking |first=Viviane |date=23 June 2014 |title=Politisierte Vogelschützer |newspaper=Kreiszeitung |url=https://www.kreiszeitung.de/lokales/bremen/politisierte-vogelschuetzer-3578920.html |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629031825/https://www.kreiszeitung.de/lokales/bremen/politisierte-vogelschuetzer-3578920.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


⚫
Along with [[Karl Gustav Hartwig]] and Carl Röben, he was a founding member of the "Gesellschaft zum Schutze der heimischen Vögel" ({{Literally|society for the conservation of native birds}}) on 17 March 1914. It later became the Bremer Naturschutzgesellschaft (BNG, {{Literally|Bremen Nature Conservation Society}}).<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last=Reineking |first=Viviane |date=23 June 2014 |title=Politisierte Vogelschützer |newspaper=Kreiszeitung |url=https://www.kreiszeitung.de/lokales/bremen/politisierte-vogelschuetzer-3578920.html |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629031825/https://www.kreiszeitung.de/lokales/bremen/politisierte-vogelschuetzer-3578920.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
⚫
Reich managed to extend the singing season of nightingales (''[[Luscinia megarhynchos]]'') by altering the day and light period and enchancing the spring period. Through this extended period he was able to make young canaries listen and learn nightingale songs. One of his canaries bred in 1911 that he called Bär (bear) had a very deep voice and he was able to back cross it and produce a strain of canaries that could sing nightingale songs. He believed that his "nightingale canaries" had somehow got the songs into their genes. His co-experimenter Hans Duncker saw that the explanation was that Reich had selected canaries for better song learning abilities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Birkhead |first1=Tim R. |last2=Schulze-Hagen |first2=Karl |last3=Palfner |first3=Gotz |date=2003 |title=The Colour of Birds: Hans Duncker, Pioneer Bird Geneticist |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1439-0361.2003.03018.x |journal=Journal für Ornithologie |language=en |volume=144 |issue=3 |pages=253–270 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0361.2003.03018.x |doi-broken-date=2024-03-16 |issn=0021-8375 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duncker |first=H. |date=1922 |title=Die Reich'sche Gesangeskreuzung (Nachtigall/Kanarienvogel) eine "erworbene" Eigenschaft: Vorläufige Mitteilung |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02538207 |journal=Journal für Ornithologie |language=de |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=423–430 |doi=10.1007/BF02538207 |s2cid=6708621 |issn=0021-8375}}</ref> The oldest commercially issued gramophone record of a bird song was made in 1908 with recordings of captive nightingales in the aviary of Karl Reich in Bremen. The HMV catalogue noted that "G.C.9439. Made by a captive nightingale. For the first time in the history of the Talking Machine industry, a genuine record has been obtained of a bird. The Nightingale in question is the property of Herr Carl Reich, of Berlin...."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boswall, Jeffery |year=1963 |title=Recording the voices of captive birds |url=https://archive.org/details/aviculturalmaga691963asco/page/121/mode/1up |journal=The Avicultural Magazine |volume=69 |pages=121–127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kellogg |first=P. |date=1938 |title=Hunting the Songs of Vanishing Birds with a Microphone |journal=Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=201–208 |doi=10.5594/J14702 |issn=0097-5834}}</ref>

⚫
Reich made young canaries listen to and learn nightingale songs. One of his canaries bred in 1911 had a very deep voice, and he was able to breed it and produce a strain of canaries that could sing nightingale songs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Birkhead |first1=Tim R. |last2=Schulze-Hagen |first2=Karl |last3=Palfner |first3=Gotz |date=2003 |title=The Colour of Birds: Hans Duncker, Pioneer Bird Geneticist |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1439-0361.2003.03018.x |journal=Journal für Ornithologie |language=en |volume=144 |issue=3 |pages=253–270 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0361.2003.03018.x |doi-broken-date=2024-03-16 |issn=0021-8375 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duncker |first=H. |date=1922 |title=Die Reich'sche Gesangeskreuzung (Nachtigall/Kanarienvogel) eine "erworbene" Eigenschaft: Vorläufige Mitteilung |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02538207 |journal=Journal für Ornithologie |language=de |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=423–430 |doi=10.1007/BF02538207 |s2cid=6708621 |issn=0021-8375}}</ref>

In 1908, the oldest commercially issued gramophone record of a bird song was made, with recordings of Reich's captive nightingales. The [[HMV]] catalogue for it is, in part, "G.C.9439. Made by a captive nightingale. For the first time in the history of the Talking Machine industry, a genuine record has been obtained of a bird. The Nightingale in question is the property of Herr Carl Reich, of Berlin..."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boswall, Jeffery |year=1963 |title=Recording the voices of captive birds |url=https://archive.org/details/aviculturalmaga691963asco/page/121/mode/1up |journal=The Avicultural Magazine |volume=69 |pages=121–127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kellogg |first=P. |date=1938 |title=Hunting the Songs of Vanishing Birds with a Microphone |journal=Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=201–208 |doi=10.5594/J14702 |issn=0097-5834}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 10: Line 17:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/78_gesang-des-kanarienvogels_karl-reich_gbia3009682a Gesang des Kanarienvogels] Electrola E.G. 576
* [https://archive.org/details/78_gesang-des-kanarienvogels_karl-reich_gbia3009682a Gesang des Kanarienvogels] Electrola (E.G. 576)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_nachtigall-kanarien-der-zucht-karl-reich_karl-reich-armandola_gbia0125913b Nachtigall-Kanarien der zucht Karl Reich] His Master's Voice (E.G. 2348)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_nachtigall-kanarien-der-zucht-karl-reich_karl-reich-armandola_gbia0125913b Nachtigall-Kanarien der zucht Karl Reich] His Master's Voice (E.G. 2348)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_waldvgel-und-nachtigall-kanarien-der-zucht-karl-reich_karl-reich-stolz-op-947-kr_gbia0125913a Waldvögel und Nachtigall-Kanarien der zucht Karl Reich] His Master's Voice (E.G. 2348)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_waldvgel-und-nachtigall-kanarien-der-zucht-karl-reich_karl-reich-stolz-op-947-kr_gbia0125913a Waldvögel und Nachtigall-Kanarien der zucht Karl Reich] His Master's Voice (E.G. 2348)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_original-nachtigall-schlag_herr-karl-reich-bremen_gbia0038335b Original-Nachtigall-Schlag] Schallplatte "Grammophon" (49572)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_original-nachtigall-schlag_herr-karl-reich-bremen_gbia0038335b Original-Nachtigall-Schlag] Schallplatte "Grammophon" (49572)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_hawaiian-memories_karl-reichs-aviary-armandola_gbia0381247a Hawaiian Waltz] Victor (V-85-A)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_hawaiian-memories_karl-reichs-aviary-armandola_gbia0381247a Hawaiian Waltz] Victor (V-85-A)
* [https://archive.org/details/kanarienvogelvolkslieder Kanarienvogel Volkslieder] Electrola EG 856
* [https://archive.org/details/kanarienvogelvolkslieder Kanarienvogel Volkslieder] Electrola (E.G. 856)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_original-drossel-sang_herr-karl-reich-bremen_gbia0038335a Original-Drossel-Sang] Schallplatte "Grammophon" (49571)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_original-drossel-sang_herr-karl-reich-bremen_gbia0038335a Original-Drossel-Sang] Schallplatte "Grammophon" (49571)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_song-of-a-sprosser_karl-reich_gbia0045552a Song of a Sprosser] Victor (45058-A)
* [https://archive.org/details/78_song-of-a-sprosser_karl-reich_gbia0045552a Song of a Sprosser] Victor (45058-A)

Revision as of 15:12, 21 May 2024

Ernst Karl Reich (1885–1970[1][a]) was a German businessman and aviculturist who kept nightingales and canaries at his aviary in Bremen. Along with Hans Duncker, he carried out breeding experiments on canaries. The first commercial gramophone records of bird songs included the songs of nightingales from his aviary. He had a nightingale sing into the horn of the recording equipment.[2]

Reich was a businessman in Bremen and ran a hardware store. He lived on Am Wall.[3]

Along with Karl Gustav Hartwig and Carl Röben, he was a founding member of the "Gesellschaft zum Schutze der heimischen Vögel" (lit. 'society for the conservation of native birds') on 17 March 1914. It later became the Bremer Naturschutzgesellschaft (BNG, lit. 'Bremen Nature Conservation Society').[3]

Reich made young canaries listen to and learn nightingale songs. One of his canaries bred in 1911 had a very deep voice, and he was able to breed it and produce a strain of canaries that could sing nightingale songs.[1][4]

In 1908, the oldest commercially issued gramophone record of a bird song was made, with recordings of Reich's captive nightingales. The HMV catalogue for it is, in part, "G.C.9439. Made by a captive nightingale. For the first time in the history of the Talking Machine industry, a genuine record has been obtained of a bird. The Nightingale in question is the property of Herr Carl Reich, of Berlin..."[5][6]

Notes

  1. ^ Some sources have the dates as 1871–1944

References

  1. ^ a b Birkhead, Tim R.; Schulze-Hagen, Karl; Palfner, Gotz (2003). "The Colour of Birds: Hans Duncker, Pioneer Bird Geneticist". Journal für Ornithologie. 144 (3): 253–270. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0361.2003.03018.x (inactive 2024-03-16). ISSN 0021-8375.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
  2. ^ Petri, Olga; Howell, Philip (2020-03-20). "From the Dawn Chorus to the Canary Choir: Notes on the Unnatural History of Birdsong". Humanimalia. 11 (2): 163–192. doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9457. ISSN 2151-8645. S2CID 243562745.
  3. ^ a b Reineking, Viviane (23 June 2014). "Politisierte Vogelschützer". Kreiszeitung. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  4. ^ Duncker, H. (1922). "Die Reich'sche Gesangeskreuzung (Nachtigall/Kanarienvogel) eine "erworbene" Eigenschaft: Vorläufige Mitteilung". Journal für Ornithologie (in German). 70 (4): 423–430. doi:10.1007/BF02538207. ISSN 0021-8375. S2CID 6708621.
  5. ^ Boswall, Jeffery (1963). "Recording the voices of captive birds". The Avicultural Magazine. 69: 121–127.
  6. ^ Kellogg, P. (1938). "Hunting the Songs of Vanishing Birds with a Microphone". Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. 30 (2): 201–208. doi:10.5594/J14702. ISSN 0097-5834.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Reich&oldid=1224963781"