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| image = Ampa Gas Field (8 August 2023).jpg
| image = Ampa Gas Field (8 August 2023).jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| discovery =
| discovery =1963
| start_development =
| start_development =
| start_production =
| start_production =1965
| abandonment =
| abandonment =
| peak_year = 1973
| peak_year = 1973
| peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d =
| peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d =125796
| peak_of_production_oil_tpy =
| peak_of_production_oil_tpy =
| peak_of_production_gas_mmcuft/d =
| peak_of_production_gas_mmcuft/d =
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| recover_gas_bft =
| recover_gas_bft =
| recover_gas_bcm =
| recover_gas_bcm =
}}'''South West Ampa gas field''', also known as '''Ampa Field''' or '''Southwest Ampa''',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdul Kani Hj. Mohd. Salleh |first= |date=1985-03-01 |title=Offshore exploration in Brunei |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360544285900635 |journal=Energy |series=Proceedings of the Second EAPI/CCOP Workshop |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=487–491 |doi=10.1016/0360-5442(85)90063-5 |issn=0360-5442}}</ref> is a conventional [[gas field]] {{Convert|13|km}} off [[Kuala Belait]] managed by [[Brunei Shell Petroleum]] (BSP) Company that is situated in the shallow sea. The gas field is owned by the [[government of Brunei]] and BSP.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-11-23 |title=Oil & gas field profile: South West Ampa Conventional Gas Field, Brunei |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/data-insights/oil-gas-field-profile-south-west-ampa-conventional-gas-field-brunei/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.offshore-technology.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The field contains more than half of BSP's gas reserves,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mohd Jaini Hj Ibrahim |title=AMPA FAIRLEY RATIONALISATION PROJECT |url=http://members.igu.org/html/wgc2003/WGC_pdffiles/10558_1046224831_5657_1.pdf |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=members.igu.org |pages=3, 7-8}}</ref> with over 400 oil rim reservoirs and 380 non-associated gas reservoirs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Peacock |first=A. W. |last2=Ibrahim |first2=M. I. B. |date=1997-04-14 |title=Infill Oil Development in South West Ampa Field |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38063-MS |journal=SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition |language=en |publisher=OnePetro |doi=10.2118/38063-MS}}</ref>
|oil_production_m3/d=9500}}'''South West Ampa''' ('''SWA''') '''gas field''',<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Nur Aqilah Ahad |last2=Morteza Jami |last3=Stephen Tyson |date=2020-04-01 |title=A review of experimental studies on sand screen selection for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00826-y |journal=Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=1675–1688 |doi=10.1007/s13202-019-00826-y |issn=2190-0566}}</ref> also known as '''Ampa Field''' or '''Southwest Ampa''',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdul Kani Hj. Mohd. Salleh |first= |date=1985-03-01 |title=Offshore exploration in Brunei |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360544285900635 |journal=Energy |series=Proceedings of the Second EAPI/CCOP Workshop |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=487–491 |doi=10.1016/0360-5442(85)90063-5 |issn=0360-5442}}</ref> is a conventional [[gas field]] {{Convert|13|km}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW - Brunei |url=https://www.keyfactsenergy.com/media/country_review/Brunei.pdf |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.keyfactsenergy.com}}</ref> off [[Kuala Belait]] and near to Fairley and Gannet gas fields.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Eddy |date=2009-07-20 |title=Brunei Share: Brunei Darussalam History of Oil & Gas |url=https://www.bsp.com.bn/main/aboutbsp/about_oil_gas.asp |archive-url=http://virtual-bruneidarussalam.blogspot.com/2009/07/brunei-darussalam-history-of-oil-gas.html |archive-date=2009-07-20 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Brunei Share}}</ref> It is managed by [[Brunei Shell Petroleum]] (BSP) Company that is situated in the shallow sea. The gas field is owned by the [[government of Brunei]] and BSP.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-11-23 |title=Oil & gas field profile: South West Ampa Conventional Gas Field, Brunei |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/data-insights/oil-gas-field-profile-south-west-ampa-conventional-gas-field-brunei/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.offshore-technology.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The field contains more than half of BSP's gas reserves,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mohd Jaini Hj Ibrahim |title=AMPA FAIRLEY RATIONALISATION PROJECT |url=http://members.igu.org/html/wgc2003/WGC_pdffiles/10558_1046224831_5657_1.pdf |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=members.igu.org |pages=3, 7-8}}</ref> with over 400 oil rim reservoirs and 380 non-associated gas reservoirs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Peacock |first=A. W. |last2=Ibrahim |first2=M. I. B. |date=1997-04-14 |title=Infill Oil Development in South West Ampa Field |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38063-MS |journal=SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition |language=en |publisher=OnePetro |doi=10.2118/38063-MS}}</ref>


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
The complex [[geology]], [[faulting]], and internal reservoir cross-flow of the Ampa Field provide challenges despite its well-understood reservoirs.These problems are addressed by research employing 3D models and analytical calculations.<ref name=":2" /> Gas from the field is transported {{Convert|39|km}} kilometers to the [[Brunei LNG]] plant, accounting for more than half of Brunei's gas output and reserves. Significant oil reserves from 164 oil-producing wells are also present in the area.<ref name=":4" /> The main field, the southern region, and the 21 area are the three primary hydrocarbon-bearing areas of the field.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-26 |title=Public and private sector spearhead initiatives in Brunei Darussalam's energy sector |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/brunei-darussalam/2016-report/economy/plan-of-action-a-changing-marketplace-has-led-to-a-host-of-initiatives-spearheaded-by-both-the-government-and-the-private-sector |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=oxfordbusinessgroup.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
The Ampa Field has well-understood reservoirs, but because of its complicated [[geology]], extensive faulting, internal reservoir cross-flow, and the locations of its first connections, there are still a lot of unanswered questions. Research has been done to address these concerns and evaluate the possibilities for infill oil development, using techniques such as analytical estimations and 3D reservoir models.<ref name=":2" />

The SWA field has a history of producing sand and is made up of several thin, piled sand layers. The sand control completions were difficult because of the problems with shale stability and the many sand layers. The field saw the installation of many openhole gravel packs, all of which failed since the shale collapsed as soon as the openhole was relocated to brine. As a result, expandable sand screen (ESS) was installed in the SWA-290 well as the first sand control technique, replacing gravel packing.<ref name=":3" />


== History ==
== History ==
The South West Ampa gas field was found in July 1963 and is situated {{Convert|25|km}} west of [[Seria]] at sea depths of {{Convert|10-40|m}}.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> SWA-1 was used for the discovery, which revealed a shallow reservoir with a fluctuating condensate percentage, a relatively high solution gas–oil ratio, an [[API gravity]] of 40°, and an initial [[oil viscosity]] of 0.35 cp.<ref name=":3" /> In order to generate revenue from these deposits, Brunei had to surmount significant obstacles including vast distances to prospective markets, an untested technology for gas liquefaction, and a lack of expertise in [[LNG]] transportation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-26 |title=Brunei LNG |url=https://www.mechademy.com/lng_plant/brunei-lng/ |archive-url=https://www.bruneilng.com/ |archive-date=2018-11-26 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.mechademy.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
Technology advancements in the 1960s made offshore exploration possible, marking a milestone in offshore exploration.


The South West Ampa gas field was found in July 1963 and is located between {{Convert|10-40|m}} below the surface offshore of Brunei.<ref name=":2" /> With a peak production year of 1973, the South West Ampa recovered 99.79% of its net viable reserves.<ref name=":0" /> [[Abdul Rahman Taib|Pehin Dato Abdul Rahman]] formally inaugurated the Ampa Fairley Rationalization Project in May 2000.<ref name=":1" />
The main field's oil production began in 1965 and peaked in 1973 at {{Convert|20,000|m3/d}}. In 1968 and 1970, it reached {{Convert|9,500|m3/d}}, and the same year, LNG production started.<ref name=":5" /> With a peak production year, the South West Ampa recovered 99.79% of its net viable reserves.<ref name=":0" /> As of 1996, 161 of the 279 wells that had been drilled in the field were producing, according to BSP. {{Convert|345,109|cm3}} of gas, {{Convert|128,000,000|cm3}} of oil, and {{Convert|35,000,000|cm3}} of condensate are predicted to be the field's ultimate recoveries.<ref name=":5" />


[[Abdul Rahman Taib|Pehin Dato Abdul Rahman]] formally inaugurated the Ampa Fairley Rationalization Project in May 2000.<ref name=":1" /> BSP granted a three-year contract to [[McDermott International]] to transport and build pipelines and umbilicals for the [[Champion oil field|Champion]] and Ampa Fields offshore Brunei.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell Searancke |first= |date=2017-05-31 |title=McDermott starts Brunei pipeline installation job |url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/weekly/mcdermott-starts-brunei-pipeline-installation-job/2-1-91444 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=upstreamonline.com |language=en}}</ref> The work is expected to be completed by 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OE Staff |date=2014-11-11 |title=McDermott gets Brunei Shell subsea work |url=https://www.oedigital.com/news/454165-mcdermott-gets-brunei-shell-subsea-work |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Offshore Engineer Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Production will go on until the field hits its economic limit in 2027, according to economic projections. As of 2021, the field produces around 2% of the nation's daily output.<ref name=":0" />
Production will go on until the field hits its economic limit in 2027, according to economic projections. As of 2021, the field produces around 2% of the nation's daily output.<ref name=":0" />


== Platforms ==
== Platforms ==
The Ampa-6 and Ampa-9 complexes underwent major offshore upgrades in 2001. These included the installation of two new pipelines, a centralised crude stabilisation facility, and an upgraded distributed control system—all of which had negligible impact on the delivery of oil and gas.<ref name=":0" />
The Ampa-6 and Ampa-9 complexes underwent major offshore upgrades in 2001. These included the installation of two new pipelines, a centralised crude stabilisation facility, and an upgraded distributed control system—all of which had negligible impact on the delivery of oil and gas.<ref name=":0" /> Several disused buildings, including SWA-7, SWA-8, SWA-9, SWA-18, SWA-35, SWA-150, AMVJ-2, and AMPP-2, were dismantled in June 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dr. Brian Twomey |date=June 2012 |title=Artificial Reefs |url=http://www.ccop.or.th/eppm/projects/40/docs/6%20Artifical%20reefs%2014June12%20BT%20issued.pdf |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.ccop.or.th}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:16, 22 May 2024

South West Ampa
CountryBrunei
RegionBelait
Offshore/onshoreOffshore
OperatorBrunei Shell Petroleum
Owner
Field history
Discovery1963
Start of production1965
Peak year1973
Production
Current production of oil9,500 m3/d (60,000 bbl/d)
Peak of production (oil)125,796 barrels per day (~6.268×10^6 t/a)

South West Ampa (SWA) gas field,[1] also known as Ampa Field or Southwest Ampa,[2] is a conventional gas field 13 kilometres (8.1 mi)[3] off Kuala Belait and near to Fairley and Gannet gas fields.[4] It is managed by Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) Company that is situated in the shallow sea. The gas field is owned by the government of Brunei and BSP.[5] The field contains more than half of BSP's gas reserves,[6] with over 400 oil rim reservoirs and 380 non-associated gas reservoirs.[7]

Overview

The complex geology, faulting, and internal reservoir cross-flow of the Ampa Field provide challenges despite its well-understood reservoirs.These problems are addressed by research employing 3D models and analytical calculations.[7] Gas from the field is transported 39 kilometres (24 mi) kilometers to the Brunei LNG plant, accounting for more than half of Brunei's gas output and reserves. Significant oil reserves from 164 oil-producing wells are also present in the area.[4] The main field, the southern region, and the 21 area are the three primary hydrocarbon-bearing areas of the field.[8]

The SWA field has a history of producing sand and is made up of several thin, piled sand layers. The sand control completions were difficult because of the problems with shale stability and the many sand layers. The field saw the installation of many openhole gravel packs, all of which failed since the shale collapsed as soon as the openhole was relocated to brine. As a result, expandable sand screen (ESS) was installed in the SWA-290 well as the first sand control technique, replacing gravel packing.[1]

History

The South West Ampa gas field was found in July 1963 and is situated 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Seria at sea depths of 10–40 metres (33–131 ft).[8][7] SWA-1 was used for the discovery, which revealed a shallow reservoir with a fluctuating condensate percentage, a relatively high solution gas–oil ratio, an API gravity of 40°, and an initial oil viscosity of 0.35 cp.[1] In order to generate revenue from these deposits, Brunei had to surmount significant obstacles including vast distances to prospective markets, an untested technology for gas liquefaction, and a lack of expertise in LNG transportation.[9]

The main field's oil production began in 1965 and peaked in 1973 at 20,000 cubic metres per day (710,000 cu ft/d). In 1968 and 1970, it reached 9,500 cubic metres per day (340,000 cu ft/d), and the same year, LNG production started.[8] With a peak production year, the South West Ampa recovered 99.79% of its net viable reserves.[5] As of 1996, 161 of the 279 wells that had been drilled in the field were producing, according to BSP. 345,109 cubic centimetres (21,059.8 cu in) of gas, 128,000,000 cubic centimetres (7,800,000 cu in) of oil, and 35,000,000 cubic centimetres (2,100,000 cu in) of condensate are predicted to be the field's ultimate recoveries.[8]

Pehin Dato Abdul Rahman formally inaugurated the Ampa Fairley Rationalization Project in May 2000.[6] BSP granted a three-year contract to McDermott International to transport and build pipelines and umbilicals for the Champion and Ampa Fields offshore Brunei.[10] The work is expected to be completed by 2017.[11] Production will go on until the field hits its economic limit in 2027, according to economic projections. As of 2021, the field produces around 2% of the nation's daily output.[5]

Platforms

The Ampa-6 and Ampa-9 complexes underwent major offshore upgrades in 2001. These included the installation of two new pipelines, a centralised crude stabilisation facility, and an upgraded distributed control system—all of which had negligible impact on the delivery of oil and gas.[5] Several disused buildings, including SWA-7, SWA-8, SWA-9, SWA-18, SWA-35, SWA-150, AMVJ-2, and AMPP-2, were dismantled in June 2012.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c Nur Aqilah Ahad; Morteza Jami; Stephen Tyson (2020-04-01). "A review of experimental studies on sand screen selection for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology. 10 (4): 1675–1688. doi:10.1007/s13202-019-00826-y. ISSN 2190-0566.
  2. ^ Abdul Kani Hj. Mohd. Salleh (1985-03-01). "Offshore exploration in Brunei". Energy. Proceedings of the Second EAPI/CCOP Workshop. 10 (3): 487–491. doi:10.1016/0360-5442(85)90063-5. ISSN 0360-5442.
  3. ^ "ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW - Brunei" (PDF). www.keyfactsenergy.com. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  4. ^ a b Swan, Eddy (2009-07-20). "Brunei Share: Brunei Darussalam History of Oil & Gas". Brunei Share. Archived from the original on 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  5. ^ a b c d "Oil & gas field profile: South West Ampa Conventional Gas Field, Brunei". www.offshore-technology.com. 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  6. ^ a b Mohd Jaini Hj Ibrahim. "AMPA FAIRLEY RATIONALISATION PROJECT" (PDF). members.igu.org. pp. 3, 7–8. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  7. ^ a b c Peacock, A. W.; Ibrahim, M. I. B. (1997-04-14). "Infill Oil Development in South West Ampa Field". SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. OnePetro. doi:10.2118/38063-MS.
  8. ^ a b c d "Public and private sector spearhead initiatives in Brunei Darussalam's energy sector". oxfordbusinessgroup.com. 2016-06-26. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  9. ^ "Brunei LNG". www.mechademy.com. 2018-11-26. Archived from the original on 2018-11-26. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  10. ^ Russell Searancke (2017-05-31). "McDermott starts Brunei pipeline installation job". upstreamonline.com. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  11. ^ OE Staff (2014-11-11). "McDermott gets Brunei Shell subsea work". Offshore Engineer Magazine. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  12. ^ Dr. Brian Twomey (June 2012). "Artificial Reefs" (PDF). www.ccop.or.th. Retrieved 2024-05-22.

Further reading

  • Brunei Shell Petroleum, 1988, The Billionth Barrel Seria Oilfield
  • Sandal, S. T. (eds.), 1996, The Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam.
  • "History of Oil and Gas". Brunei Shell Petroleum Company. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  • Drilling Uphill Geo ExPro, Vol 7 No 3, Paul Wood, 2010


Category:Belait District Category:Natural gas fields in Brunei

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