Russula caerulea: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of mushroom-forming fungus}} |
{{Short description|Species of mushroom-forming fungus}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| image = |
| image = Russula caerulea 342205542.jpg |
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| taxon = Russula caerulea |
| taxon = Russula caerulea |
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| authority = [[Elias Magnus Fries|Fr.]] (1838) |
| authority = [[Elias Magnus Fries|Fr.]] (1838) |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> |
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> |
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| synonyms = *''Agaricus caeruleus'' {{small|[[Pers.]] (1801)}} |
| synonyms = *''Agaricus caeruleus'' {{small|[[Pers.]] (1801)}} |
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*''Russula |
*''Russula amara'' {{small|Kučera (1927)}} |
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}} |
}} |
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{{mycomorphbox |
{{mycomorphbox |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] is {{convert|3|–|10|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is dark purplish-brown, with a dark, sometimes almost black centre. At first it is convex, or even nearly bell-shaped, but later flattens. It nearly always retains a broad pointed boss (umbo) in the cap centre which is a profile that is almost unique within the [[genus]]. The cap skin peels to two-thirds, and it later has a furrowed margin. The firm, white [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]] is {{convert|4|–|9|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|1|–|2|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} wide and narrowly club-shaped. The [[Lamella (mycology)|gills]] are adnexed to almost free, and are pale ochre, giving a [[spore print]] of the same colour. They are quite closely spaced initially. The flesh is white and tastes mild, but the cap skin is bitter on the tongue.<ref name=Phillips06>{{cite book| author = Roger Phillips | year = 2006 | title = Mushrooms | publisher = Pan MacMillan | isbn = 0-330-44237-6|page = 25}}</ref> |
The [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] is {{convert|3|–|10|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is dark purplish-brown, with a dark, sometimes almost black centre. At first it is convex, or even nearly bell-shaped, but later flattens. It nearly always retains a broad pointed boss (umbo) in the cap centre which is a profile that is almost unique within the [[genus]]. The cap skin peels to two-thirds, and it later has a furrowed margin. The firm, white [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]] is {{convert|4|–|9|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|1|–|2|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} wide and narrowly club-shaped. The [[Lamella (mycology)|gills]] are adnexed to almost free, and are pale ochre, giving a [[spore print]] of the same colour. They are quite closely spaced initially. The flesh is white and tastes mild, but the cap skin is bitter on the tongue.<ref name=Phillips06>{{cite book| author = Roger Phillips | year = 2006 | title = Mushrooms | publisher = Pan MacMillan | isbn = 0-330-44237-6|page = 25}}</ref> |
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Spores are ellipsoid and ornamented. Size 8-9 × 6.5-8 µm.<ref>{{Navedi knjigo|title=Collins Fungi Guide: The most complete field guide to the mushrooms & toadstools of Britain & Ireland|publisher=HarperCollins Publ|date=2012|location=London|isbn=978-0-00-746648-1|first=Stefan|last=Buczacki|first2=Chris|last2=Shields|first3=Denys|last3=Ovenden}}</ref> |
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===Similar species=== |
===Similar species=== |
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==Edibility== |
==Edibility== |
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This mushroom is [[edible mushroom|edible]], but has a bitter cap skin after chewing.<ref name=Phillips06/> |
This mushroom is [[edible mushroom|edible]], but has a bitter cap skin after chewing.<ref name=Phillips06/> |
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== Image gallery == |
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{{Gallery |
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| Russula caerulea 342205538.jpg | Cap, gills and stipe |
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| Russula caerulea 342205544.jpg | Spores |
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}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 20:04, 22 May 2024
Russula caerulea | |
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![]() | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Russulales |
Family: | Russulaceae |
Genus: | Russula |
Species: | R. caerulea
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Binomial name | |
Russula caerulea Fr. (1838)
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Russula caerulea | |
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![]() | Gills on hymenium |
![]() ![]() | Cap is convex or umbonate |
![]() ![]() | Hymenium is adnexed or free |
![]() | Stipe is bare |
![]() | Spore print is ochre |
![]() | Edibility is edible |
Russula caerulea, commonly known as the humpback brittlegill, is a member of the genus Russula, whose members are also known as brittlegills. It is a dark vinaceous or purple-colored edible mushroom, and grows with coniferous trees in late summer and autumn. It is found in Europe and North America.
Taxonomy
First described by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in his 1801 work Synopsis methodica fungorum as Agaricus caeruleus, its specific epithet is the Latin caeruleus meaning "blue".[2] It was transferred to the genus Russula in 1838 by the Swedish father of mycology Elias Magnus Fries. The 1927 name Russula amara by Kučera is a synonym.[1]
Description
The cap is 3–10 cm (1–4 in) in diameter. It is dark purplish-brown, with a dark, sometimes almost black centre. At first it is convex, or even nearly bell-shaped, but later flattens. It nearly always retains a broad pointed boss (umbo) in the cap centre which is a profile that is almost unique within the genus. The cap skin peels to two-thirds, and it later has a furrowed margin. The firm, white stipe is 4–9 cm (1.5–3.5 in) high, 1–2 cm (0.5–1 in) wide and narrowly club-shaped. The gills are adnexed to almost free, and are pale ochre, giving a spore print of the same colour. They are quite closely spaced initially. The flesh is white and tastes mild, but the cap skin is bitter on the tongue.[3]
Spores are ellipsoid and ornamented. Size 8-9 × 6.5-8 µm.[4]
Similar species
Russula atropurpurea (Krombh.) Britzelm is infrequent with conifers, preferring deciduous woods, and forests. Its cap is never umbonate, but usually depressed.
Russula viscida Kudrna has no umbo either, and is very rare. The cuticle of the cap hardly peels at all.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Russula caerulea appears in late summer and autumn. It is widespread in the northern temperate zones, Europe, Asia, and North America. It is probably mycorrhizal with pine trees (Pinus), on sandy soils.
Edibility
This mushroom is edible, but has a bitter cap skin after chewing.[3]
Image gallery
See also
References
- ^ a b "Synonymy: Russula caerulea Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Upsaliae): 353 (1838)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
- ^ a b c Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 25. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
- ^ Buczacki, Stefan; Shields, Chris; Ovenden, Denys (2012). Collins Fungi Guide: The most complete field guide to the mushrooms & toadstools of Britain & Ireland. London: HarperCollins Publ. ISBN 978-0-00-746648-1.