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{{plain row headers}}
{| class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable plain-row-headers letters-violet"
|+''Murda''
|+ ''Aksara wyanjana''
|-
| rowspan=2|
! colspan=2|[[unvoiced consonant|Unvoiced]]
! colspan=2|[[voiced consonant|Voiced]]
! rowspan=2|[[Semivowel]]
! rowspan=2|[[Sibilant]]
! rowspan=2|[[fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! rowspan=2|[[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|-
|-
! [[tenuis consonant|Unaspirated]]
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦟ|iso=na}}
! [[aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦖ|iso=ch|note={{noteTag|name=ca|group=murda|only attested in conjunct form,{{sfn|Everson|2008|pp=1}} the glyph for its basic letter is a contemporary reconstruction}}}}
! [[tenuis consonant|Unaspirated]]

! [[aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦬ|iso=ra|note={{noteTag|name=ragung|group=murda|not widely known as other murda letters.{{sfn|Everson|2008|pp=1-2}}}}}}
|-
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦑ|iso=ka}}
! scope=row | [[velar consonant|Velar]]
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦡ|iso=ta}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦯ|iso=sa}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ᬓ|top=ka|ipa=[ka]}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦦ|iso=pa}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ᬔ|top=kha|ipa=[kʰa]}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦘ|iso=nya}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ᬕ|ipa=ga|top=ga}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦓ|iso=gya}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ᬖ|top=gha|ipa=[gʰa]}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦨ|iso=ba}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ᬗ|top=nga|ipa=[ŋa]}}
!
!
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ᬳ|iso=ha|note={{noteTag|name=ha|group=wyanjana|may represent /ha/ or /a/ in the Kawi language}}}}
|- class=letters-lo
! scope=row | [[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦕ|iso=ca}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦖ|iso=cha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦗ|iso=ja}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦙ|iso=jha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦚ|iso=ña}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦪ|iso=ya}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦯ|iso=śa}}
!
|-
! scope=row | [[retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦛ|iso=ṭa}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦜ|iso=ṭha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦝ|iso=ḍa}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦞ|iso=ḍha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦟ|iso=ṇa}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦫ|iso=ra}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦰ|iso=ṣa}}
!
|-
! scope=row | [[dental consonant|Dental]]
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦠ|iso=ta}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦡ|iso=tha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦢ|iso=da}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦣ|iso=dha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦤ|iso=na}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦭ|iso=la}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦱ|iso=sa}}
!
|-
! scope=row | [[labial consonant|Labial]]
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦥ|iso=pa}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦦ|iso=pha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦧ|iso=ba}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦨ|iso=bha}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦩ|iso=ma}}
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=ꦮ|iso=wa}}
|
|
|}
|}
{{noteFoot|group=murda}}
{{noteFoot|group=wyanjana}}



{| class="wikitable letters-lo"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:100%; clear:both; margin:0; font-size:90%;"
|+''Mahaprana''
|-
| colspan="9" style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"|'''{{lang|ban|Aksara Wianjana}}'''<br>'''{{lang|ban|ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬯ᭄ᬬᬜ᭄ᬚᬦ}}'''<br>'''Consonants'''
!|Alpaprāṇa<br>{{lang|ban|ᬅᬮ᭄ᬧᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ}}<br>[[Aspirated consonant|Unaspirated]]
!|Mahāprāṇa<br>{{lang|ban|ᬫᬵᬳᬵᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ}}<br>[[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
!|Alpaprāṇa<br>{{lang|ban|ᬅᬮ᭄ᬧᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ}}<br>[[Aspirated consonant|Unaspirated]]
!|Mahāprāṇa<br>{{lang|ban|ᬫᬵᬳᬵᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ}}<br>[[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|-
| style="width:20%; text-align:center;"|'''{{lang|ban|Kaṇṭhya}}'''<br />{{lang|ban|ᬓᬡ᭄ᬞ᭄ᬬ}}<br />([[Guttural]]/[[Velar consonant|Velar]])
| style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|[[File:Bali Ka.png|center|40px|link=]]<br>{{lang|ban|ᬓ}}<br>[[voiceless velar stop|[ka]]]<br>ka<br>Ka{{ref|1|1}}
| style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|[[File:Bali Ka mahaprana.png|40px|link=]]<br><br>{{lang|ban|ᬔ}}<br>[[voiceless velar stop|[kʰa]]]<br>kha<br>Ka mahaprana
| style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|[[File:Bali Ga.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬕ}}<br />[[voiced velar stop|[ɡa]]]<br />ga<br />Ga{{ref|1|1}}
| style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|[[File:Bali Ga gora.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬖ}}<br />[[voiced velar stop|[ɡʱa]]]<br />gha<br />Ga gora
| style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|[[File:Bali Nga.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬗ}}<br />[[velar nasal|[ŋa]]]<br />nga<br />Nga{{ref|1|1}}
| colspan=2|
| style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|[[File:Bali Ha.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬳ}}<br />[[voiceless glottal fricative|[ha]]]<br />ha<br />Ha{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|'''{{lang|ban|Tālawya}}'''<br />{{lang|ban|ᬢᬵᬮᬯ᭄ᬬ}}<br />([[Palatal consonant|Palatal]])
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ca.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬘ}}<br />[[voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|[tʃa]]]<br />ca<br />Ca murca{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ca laca.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬙ}}<br />[[voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|[tʃʰa]]]<br />cha<br />Ca laca{{ref|3|3}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ja.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬚ}}<br />[[voiced palato-alveolar affricate|[dʒa]]]<br />ja<br />Ja{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ja jera.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬛ}}<br />[[voiced palato-alveolar affricate|[dʒʱa]]]<br />jha<br />Ja jera
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Nya.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬜ}}<br />[[palatal nasal|[ɲa]]]<br />nya<br />Nya{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ya.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬬ}}<br />[[voiced palatal approximant|[ja]]]<br />ya<br />Ya{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Sa saga.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬰ}}<br />[[voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative|[ɕa]]]<br />śa ça<br />Sa saga
| rowspan=3|
|-
| align=center|'''{{lang|ban|Mūrdhanya}}'''<br />{{lang|ban|ᬫᬹᬭ᭄ᬠᬜ}}<br />([[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]])
| align=center|[[File:Bali Ta latik.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬝ}}<br />[[voiceless retroflex stop|[ʈa]]]<br />ṭa<br />Ta latik
| align=center|[[File:Bali Ta latik mahaprana.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬞ}}<br />[[voiceless retroflex stop|[ʈʰa]]]<br />ṭha<br />Ta latik m.{{ref|5|5}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali_Da_madu_murdhanya.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬟ}}<br />[[voiced retroflex stop|[ɖa]]]<br />ḍa<br />Da murda a.{{ref|4|4}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Da murda mahaprana.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬠ}}<br />[[voiced retroflex stop|[ɖʱa]]]<br />ḍha<br />Da murda m.{{ref|5|5}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Na rambat.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬡ}}<br />[[retroflex nasal|[ɳa]]]<br />ṇa<br />Na rambat
| align=center|[[File:Bali Ra.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬭ}}<br />[[voiced alveolar trill|[ra]]]<br />ra<br />Ra{{ref|1|1}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Sa sapa.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬱ}}<br />[[voiceless retroflex sibilant|[ʂa]]]<br />ṣa<br />Sa sapa
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|'''{{lang|ban|Dantya}}'''<br />{{lang|ban|ᬤᬦ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬬ}}<br />([[Dental consonant|Dental]])
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ta.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬢ}}<br />[[voiceless dental stop|[t̪a]]]<br />ta<br />Ta{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Ta tawa.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬣ}}<br />[[voiceless dental stop|[t̪ʰa]]]<br />tha<br />Ta tawa
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Da.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬤ}}<br />[[voiced dental stop|[d̪a]]]<br />da<br />Da lindung{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali_Da_madu.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬥ}}<br />[[voiced dental stop|[d̪ʱa]]]<br />dha<br />Da madu
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Na.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬦ}}<br />[[Voiced dental nasal|[n̪a]]]<br />na<br />Na kojong{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali La.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬮ}}<br />[[Voiced dental lateral approximant|[l̪a]]]<br />la<br />La{{ref|1|1}}
| style="text-align:center; background:white;"|[[File:Bali Sa.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬲ}}<br />[[voiceless alveolar sibilant|[sa]]]<br />sa<br />Sa danti{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|6|6}}
|-
|-
| align=center|'''{{lang|ban|Oṣṭhya}}'''<br />{{lang|ban|ᬑᬱ᭄ᬞ᭄ᬬ}}<br />([[Labial consonant|Labial]]/[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]])
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦣ|iso=da}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Pa.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬧ}}<br />[[voiceless bilabial stop|[pa]]]<br />pa<br />Pa{{ref|1|1}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦰ|iso=sa}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali 8, Pha.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬨ}}<br />[[voiceless bilabial stop|[pʰa]]]<br />pha<br />Pa kapal
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦞ|iso=dha}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Ba.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬩ}}<br />[[voiced bilabial stop|[ba]]]<br />ba<br />Ba{{ref|1|1}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦙ|iso=ja}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Ba kembang1.png|40px|link=]] or [[File:Bali Ba kembang2.png|40px|link=]]<br /><br />{{lang|ban|ᬪ}}<br />[[voiced bilabial stop|[bʱa]]]<br />bha<br />Ba kembang{{ref|7|7}}
|{{letter|l=jv|s=Java|color=violet|ch=ꦜ|iso=tha}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Ma.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬫ}}<br />[[bilabial nasal|[ma]]]<br />ma<br />Ma{{ref|1|1}}
| align=center|[[File:Bali Wa.png|center|40px|link=]]<br />{{lang|ban|ᬯ}}<br />[[voiced labio-velar approximant|[wa]]]<br />wa<br />Wa{{ref|1|1}}
| colspan="2"|
|}
|}
<small>
{{note|1|1}}{{lang|ban|Aksara wreṣāstra}}. They are, in traditional order: ha na ca ra ka / da ta sa wa la / ma ga ba nga / pa ja ya nya.
<br>
{{note|2|2}} The consonant {{lang|ban|ha}} is sometimes not pronounced. For example, {{lang|ban|ᬳᬸᬚᬦ᭄}} {{lang|ban|hujan}} (lit. rain) is pronounced {{lang|ban|ujan}}.<ref>Tinggen, p. 16</ref><br>
{{note|3|3}} The exact form of {{lang|ban|ca laca}} is unknown because only the appended ({{lang|ban|gantungan}}) form is left.<ref>Tinggen, p. 23</ref> However, the independent form is included in [[Unicode]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B00.pdf |title=Unicode Table |access-date=2013-11-13}}</ref><br>
{{note|4|4}} {{lang|ban|alpaprana}} {{note|5|5}} {{lang|ban|mahaprana}}<br>
{{note|6|6}} Actually an [[alveolar consonant]], but classified as dental by tradition<br>
{{note|7|7}} The former of the two letter forms is more frequently used.
</small>

Revision as of 22:47, 22 May 2024

Aksara wyanjana
Unvoiced Voiced Semivowel Sibilant Fricative Nasal
Unaspirated Aspirated Unaspirated Aspirated
Velar
ka
ᬓ
IPA: [ka]
kha
ᬔ
IPA: [kʰa]
ga
ᬕ
IPA: ga
gha
ᬖ
IPA: [gʰa]
nga
ᬗ
IPA: [ŋa]
ᬳ
ha
[note 1]
Palatal
ꦕ
ca
ꦖ
cha
ꦗ
ja
ꦙ
jha
ꦚ
ña
ꦪ
ya
ꦯ
śa
Retroflex
ꦛ
ṭa
ꦜ
ṭha
ꦝ
ḍa
ꦞ
ḍha
ꦟ
ṇa
ꦫ
ra
ꦰ
ṣa
Dental
ꦠ
ta
ꦡ
tha
ꦢ
da
ꦣ
dha
ꦤ
na
ꦭ
la
ꦱ
sa
Labial
ꦥ
pa
ꦦ
pha
ꦧ
ba
ꦨ
bha
ꦩ
ma
ꦮ
wa
  1. ^ may represent /ha/ or /a/ in the Kawi language


Aksara Wianjana
ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬯ᭄ᬬᬜ᭄ᬚᬦ
Consonants 		Alpaprāṇa
ᬅᬮ᭄ᬧᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ
Unaspirated 		Mahāprāṇa
ᬫᬵᬳᬵᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ
Aspirated 		Alpaprāṇa
ᬅᬮ᭄ᬧᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ
Unaspirated 		Mahāprāṇa
ᬫᬵᬳᬵᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ
Aspirated
Kaṇṭhya
ᬓᬡ᭄ᬞ᭄ᬬ
(Guttural/Velar)

ᬓ
[ka]
ka
Ka1

ᬔ
[kʰa]
kha
Ka mahaprana

ᬕ
[ɡa]
ga
Ga1

ᬖ
[ɡʱa]
gha
Ga gora

ᬗ
[ŋa]
nga
Nga1

ᬳ
[ha]
ha
Ha12
Tālawya
ᬢᬵᬮᬯ᭄ᬬ
(Palatal)

ᬘ
[tʃa]
ca
Ca murca1

ᬙ
[tʃʰa]
cha
Ca laca3

ᬚ
[dʒa]
ja
Ja1

ᬛ
[dʒʱa]
jha
Ja jera

ᬜ
[ɲa]
nya
Nya1

ᬬ
[ja]
ya
Ya1

ᬰ
[ɕa]
śa ça
Sa saga
Mūrdhanya
ᬫᬹᬭ᭄ᬠᬜ
(Retroflex)

ᬝ
[ʈa]
ṭa
Ta latik

ᬞ
[ʈʰa]
ṭha
Ta latik m.5

ᬟ
[ɖa]
ḍa
Da murda a.4

ᬠ
[ɖʱa]
ḍha
Da murda m.5

ᬡ
[ɳa]
ṇa
Na rambat

ᬭ
[ra]
ra
Ra1

ᬱ
[ʂa]
ṣa
Sa sapa
Dantya
ᬤᬦ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬬ
(Dental)

ᬢ
[t̪a]
ta
Ta1

ᬣ
[t̪ʰa]
tha
Ta tawa

ᬤ
[d̪a]
da
Da lindung1

ᬥ
[d̪ʱa]
dha
Da madu

ᬦ
[n̪a]
na
Na kojong1

ᬮ
[l̪a]
la
La1

ᬲ
[sa]
sa
Sa danti16
Oṣṭhya
ᬑᬱ᭄ᬞ᭄ᬬ
(Labial/Bilabial)

ᬧ
[pa]
pa
Pa1

ᬨ
[pʰa]
pha
Pa kapal

ᬩ
[ba]
ba
Ba1 		or

ᬪ
[bʱa]
bha
Ba kembang7

ᬫ
[ma]
ma
Ma1

ᬯ
[wa]
wa
Wa1

^1 Aksara wreṣāstra. They are, in traditional order: ha na ca ra ka / da ta sa wa la / ma ga ba nga / pa ja ya nya.
^2 The consonant ha is sometimes not pronounced. For example, ᬳᬸᬚᬦ᭄ hujan (lit. rain) is pronounced ujan.[1]
^3 The exact form of ca laca is unknown because only the appended (gantungan) form is left.[2] However, the independent form is included in Unicode.[3]
^4 alpaprana ^5 mahaprana
^6 Actually an alveolar consonant, but classified as dental by tradition
^7 The former of the two letter forms is more frequently used.

  1. ^ Tinggen, p. 16
  2. ^ Tinggen, p. 23
  3. ^ "Unicode Table" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-11-13.
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