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|accessdate=2007-11-09
|accessdate=2007-11-09
|publisher=Legifrance
|publisher=Legifrance
}}</ref> a mandatory term of 30 years of [[imprisonment]] (no less than 20 years if the [[defendant]] is not sentenced to 30 years).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 221-1 - Code pénal - Légifrance |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417561 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Corioland |first=Sophie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=re9DEAAAQBAJ&dq=art+221-1+code+p%C3%A9nal&pg=PT220 |title=Droit pénal général |date=2019-01-08 |publisher=Editions Ellipses |isbn=978-2-340-03229-3 |language=fr}}</ref>
}}</ref> a mandatory term of 30 years of [[imprisonment]] (no more than 20 years if the [[defendant]] is not sentenced to 30 years).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 221-1 - Code pénal - Légifrance |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417561 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Corioland |first=Sophie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=re9DEAAAQBAJ&dq=art+221-1+code+p%C3%A9nal&pg=PT220 |title=Droit pénal général |date=2019-01-08 |publisher=Editions Ellipses |isbn=978-2-340-03229-3 |language=fr}}</ref>
[[Assassination]] (murder with [[Malice aforethought|premeditation]] or after lying in wait for the victim)<ref name="Assassination French Civil Law">
[[Assassination]] (murder with [[Malice aforethought|premeditation]] or after lying in wait for the victim)<ref name="Assassination French Civil Law">
{{cite web
{{cite web
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102213033/http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=33&r=3685
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102213033/http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=33&r=3685
|archivedate = 2007-11-02
|archivedate = 2007-11-02
}}</ref> are punished by a [[Prison|jail]] term up to [[life imprisonment]] (no less than 30 years if the defendant is not sentenced to life).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradel |first=Jean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBLXEAAAQBAJ&q=pradel+droit+p%C3%A9nal+compar%C3%A9+murder |title=Droit pénal comparé. 4e éd. |date=2016-09-14 |publisher=Editis - Interforum |isbn=978-2-247-15085-4 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government |first=Frrench |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pdBHtAEACAAJ |title=Criminal Law of France |date=2017-06-26 |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=978-1-5215-9028-7 |language=en}}</ref> The same punishment is given to murder committed in connection to other criminal offenses according to Article 221-2.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006070719/LEGISCTA000006165276/ | title=Section 1 : Des atteintes volontaires à la vie (Articles 221-1 à 221-5-5) - Légifrance }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=McKillop |first=Bron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gispYzEeeJMC&q=criminal+law+french |title=Anatomy of a French Murder Case |date=1997 |publisher=Hawkins Press |isbn=978-1-876067-06-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hodgson |first=Jacqueline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6bbBAAAQBAJ&q=criminal+law+french |title=French Criminal Justice: A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France |date=2005-11-08 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84731-069-9 |language=en}}</ref>
}}</ref> are punished by a [[Prison|jail]] term up to [[life imprisonment]] (no more than 30 years if the defendant is not sentenced to life).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradel |first=Jean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBLXEAAAQBAJ&q=pradel+droit+p%C3%A9nal+compar%C3%A9+murder |title=Droit pénal comparé. 4e éd. |date=2016-09-14 |publisher=Editis - Interforum |isbn=978-2-247-15085-4 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government |first=Frrench |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pdBHtAEACAAJ |title=Criminal Law of France |date=2017-06-26 |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=978-1-5215-9028-7 |language=en}}</ref> The same punishment is given to murder committed in connection to other criminal offenses according to Article 221-2.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006070719/LEGISCTA000006165276/ | title=Section 1 : Des atteintes volontaires à la vie (Articles 221-1 à 221-5-5) - Légifrance }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=McKillop |first=Bron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gispYzEeeJMC&q=criminal+law+french |title=Anatomy of a French Murder Case |date=1997 |publisher=Hawkins Press |isbn=978-1-876067-06-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hodgson |first=Jacqueline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6bbBAAAQBAJ&q=criminal+law+french |title=French Criminal Justice: A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France |date=2005-11-08 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84731-069-9 |language=en}}</ref>


Except for [[recidivist]]s,<ref name="Recidive Law France">
Except for [[recidivist]]s,<ref name="Recidive Law France">

Revision as of 23:28, 15 July 2024

In the French penal code, murder is defined by the intentional killing of another person. Murder is punishable by[1] a mandatory term of 30 years of imprisonment (no more than 20 years if the defendant is not sentenced to 30 years).[2][3] Assassination (murder with premeditation or after lying in wait for the victim)[4] and murder in some special cases in accordance with Article 221-4[5] (including if the victim is a child under 15, against vulnerable people due to age, health etc, in the context of domestic violence, against some professionals in connection with their duty, in a gang etc) )[6] are punished by a jail term up to life imprisonment (no more than 30 years if the defendant is not sentenced to life).[7][8] The same punishment is given to murder committed in connection to other criminal offenses according to Article 221-2.[9][10][11]

Except for recidivists,[12] the minimum sentence in criminal prosecutions is one or two years' imprisonment, which may be suspended if the sentence is under 5 years.[13] Acts of violence causing an unintended death (Article 222-7 of the Penal Code -Les violences ayant entraîné la mort sans intention de la donner)[14][15][16][17] are punished by 15 years' imprisonment, or 20 years if aggravating circumstances exist[18] (which are the same as those that would make a murderer eligible for life in prison).[19][20][21]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Article 132-18". Legifrance. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
  2. ^ "Article 221-1 - Code pénal - Légifrance". www.legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
  3. ^ Corioland, Sophie (2019-01-08). Droit pénal général (in French). Editions Ellipses. ISBN 978-2-340-03229-3.
  4. ^ "Article 221-2". Legifrance. Archived from the original on 2007-11-02. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
  5. ^ "Chapitre Ier : Des atteintes à la vie de la personne (Articles 221-1 à 221-11-1) - Légifrance".
  6. ^ "Article 221-3". Legifrance. Archived from the original on 2007-11-02. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
  7. ^ Pradel, Jean (2016-09-14). Droit pénal comparé. 4e éd (in French). Editis - Interforum. ISBN 978-2-247-15085-4.
  8. ^ Government, Frrench (2017-06-26). Criminal Law of France. Independently Published. ISBN 978-1-5215-9028-7.
  9. ^ "Section 1 : Des atteintes volontaires à la vie (Articles 221-1 à 221-5-5) - Légifrance".
  10. ^ McKillop, Bron (1997). Anatomy of a French Murder Case. Hawkins Press. ISBN 978-1-876067-06-9.
  11. ^ Hodgson, Jacqueline (2005-11-08). French Criminal Justice: A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84731-069-9.
  12. ^ The French Parliament. "Loi n° 2007-1198 du 10 août 2007 renforçant la lutte contre la récidive des majeurs et des mineurs". French Criminal Law (in French). Legifrance. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
  13. ^ The French Parliament. "Paragraph 1 - Conditions for the granting of ordinary suspension". French Criminal Law. Legifrance. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
  14. ^ "Article 222-7 - Code pénal - Légifrance". www.legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
  15. ^ Bouloc, Bernard (2023-10-12). Droit pénal général 28ed (in French). Groupe Lefebvre Dalloz. ISBN 978-2-247-22940-6.
  16. ^ Pin, Xavier (2023-10-12). Droit pénal général 2024 15ed (in French). Groupe Lefebvre Dalloz. ISBN 978-2-247-22928-4.
  17. ^ "La Praeterintention" (PDF). Penale.it. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
  18. ^ "Article 222-8 - Code pénal - Légifrance". www.legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
  19. ^ Elliott, Catherine (2001-05-01). French Criminal Law. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-99314-6.
  20. ^ Maréchal, Jean-Yves (2003). Essai sur le résultat dans la théorie de l'infraction pénale (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7475-4549-5.
  21. ^ Tsikarishvili, Kakha (2017-12-31). "Particularities of Subjective Element of the Crime in French Criminal Law". Journal of Law (2). ISSN 2720-782X.


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