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{{short description|German historian and general}}
{{short description|German historian and general (1855–1924)}}
{{Infobox military person
[[File:Hugo Friedrich von Freytag-Loringhoven.png|thumb|Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven.]]
| name = Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven

| image = Hugo Friedrich von Freytag-Loringhoven.png
| caption = Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven (1916)
| birth_date = {{birth date|1855|5|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1924|10|19|1855|5|20}}
| birth_place = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| death_place = [[Weimar]]
| allegiance = [[Prussia]]
| branch = [[Imperial German Army]]
| serviceyears = 1877–1924
| rank = [[General of the Infantry]] (1918)
| awards = [[Pour le Mérite]] (1916)
| children = Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven
| laterwork = writer, military historian
}}
'''Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (May 20, 1855 &ndash; October 19, 1924) was a [[Prussia|Prussian]] general and a writer on military matters, being awarded the [[Pour le Mérite]] in 1916 for his work as a historian.<ref name=plm>{{cite web|title=Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven|url=http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/mitglieder/hugo-freiherr-von-freytag-loringhoven?m=4&u=3|work=Pour le Merite website|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>
'''Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (May 20, 1855 &ndash; October 19, 1924) was a [[Prussia|Prussian]] general and a writer on military matters, being awarded the [[Pour le Mérite]] in 1916 for his work as a historian.<ref name=plm>{{cite web|title=Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven|url=http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/mitglieder/hugo-freiherr-von-freytag-loringhoven?m=4&u=3|work=Pour le Merite website|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
He was born on May 20, 1855, in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], the son of a diplomat, Karl von Freytag-Loringhoven (1811–1882). [[Freytag-Loringhoven|His family]] was [[Baltic German]] and originated in [[Westphalia]].
He was born on May 20, 1855, in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], the son of a diplomat, Karl von Freytag-Loringhoven (1811–1882). [[Freytag-Loringhoven|His family]] was [[Baltic Germans|Baltic German]] and originated in [[Westphalia]].


He entered the [[Imperial German army]] in 1877, a few years after German unification, as a lieutenant. From 1887 to 1896 he taught military history at the [[Prussian Military Academy]] in Berlin. He then worked for a while for [[Alfred von Schlieffen]], later being described as "Schlieffen's favorite disciple",<ref>Robert E. Foley, Note 40, {{cite book|last=Schlieffen|first=Alfred von|title=Military Writings|year=2003|publisher=Psychology press|page=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LT-1isuUb3kC&q=Hugo+Freiherr+von+Freytag-Loringhoven&pg=PA249|isbn=9780714649993}}</ref> and in 1907 took command of the 12th Regiment of Grenadiers at [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt an der Oder]]. In 1910 he became ''Oberquartiermeister'', and in December 1913 took command of the 22nd Division at Cassel.
He entered the [[Imperial German Army]] in 1877, a few years after German unification, as a lieutenant. From 1887 to 1896 he taught military history at the [[Prussian Military Academy]] in Berlin. He then worked for a while for [[Alfred von Schlieffen]], later being described as "Schlieffen's favorite disciple",<ref>Robert E. Foley, Note 40, {{cite book|last=Schlieffen|first=Alfred von|title=Military Writings|year=2003|publisher=Psychology press|page=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LT-1isuUb3kC&q=Hugo+Freiherr+von+Freytag-Loringhoven&pg=PA249|isbn=9780714649993}}</ref> and in 1907 took command of the 12th Regiment of Grenadiers at [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt an der Oder]]. In 1910 he became ''Oberquartiermeister'', and in December 1913 took command of the 22nd Division at Cassel.


With the mobilisation of troops in 1914 for [[World War I]], he became firstly a liaison officer with the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian forces]]. He then returned to the [[Oberste Heeresleitung|Supreme Army Command]] as ''Stellvertretender Generalquartiermeister'' (Deputy Quartermaster-General), where he became an unofficial adviser to [[Erich von Falkenhayn]] although he bemoaned his lack of influence.{{sfn|Foley|2007|pp=96–97}} He briefly led the 9th Reserve Corps, then the 17th Reserve Division, and in September 1916 went back to the Supreme Army Command. On April 18, 1918, he was promoted to [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General of the Infantry]].
With the mobilisation of troops in 1914 for [[World War I]], he became firstly a liaison officer with the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian forces]]. He then returned to the [[Oberste Heeresleitung|Supreme Army Command]] as ''Stellvertretender Generalquartiermeister'' (Deputy Quartermaster-General), where he became an unofficial adviser to [[Erich von Falkenhayn]] although he bemoaned his lack of influence.{{sfn|Foley|2007|pp=96–97}} He briefly led the 9th Reserve Corps, then the 17th Reserve Division, and in September 1916 went back to the Supreme Army Command. On April 18, 1918, he was promoted to [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General of the Infantry]].


He died on October 19, 1924, in [[Weimar]].
He died on October 19, 1924, in [[Weimar]] at the age of 69.


== Publications ==
== Publications ==
His published works include:<ref name="plm" /><ref>Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. ''Deductions from the World War''. Constable and Company Limited, 1918.</ref><ref>Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. ''A Nation Trained in Arms or a Militia? Lessons in War from the Past and the Present''. Constable & Company Ltd., 1918.</ref><ref>Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. ''Die Psyche Der Heere''. E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1923.</ref>
His published works include:
* ''Studien über die Kriegsführung im Sezessionskrieg'' (1897)
* ''Deductions from the World War'' the English translation of ''Folgerungen aus dem Weltkriege'' (1918)
* ''Deductions from the World War'' the English translation of ''Folgerungen aus dem Weltkriege'' (1918)
* ''Heerführung Moltke's und Napoleons'' (1910)
* ''Generalfeldmarschall Graf Schlieffen'' (1910)
* ''A nation trained in arms or a militia? Lessons in war from the past and the present'' (1918)
* ''Kriegsführung und Politik'' (1918)
* ''Menschen und Dinge, wie ich sie in meinem Leben sah'' (1923)
* ''Die Psyche Der Heere'' (1923)


== Family ==
== Family ==
His son Leopold married the [[Dada]]ist artist and poet [[Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]].
His son, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven, married the [[Dada]]ist artist and poet [[Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Freytag-Loringhoven]]
* [[Freytag-Loringhoven]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:German Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:German Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:Expatriates in Denmark]]
[[Category:Expatriates in Denmark]]



{{Germany-army-bio-stub}}
{{Germany-army-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:48, 26 July 2024

Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven
Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven (1916)
Born(1855-05-20)May 20, 1855
Copenhagen, Denmark
DiedOctober 19, 1924(1924-10-19) (aged 69)
Weimar
AllegiancePrussia
Service/branchImperial German Army
Years of service1877–1924
RankGeneral of the Infantry (1918)
AwardsPour le Mérite (1916)
ChildrenBaron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven
Other workwriter, military historian

Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven (May 20, 1855 – October 19, 1924) was a Prussian general and a writer on military matters, being awarded the Pour le Mérite in 1916 for his work as a historian.[1]

Biography

[edit]

He was born on May 20, 1855, in Copenhagen, Denmark, the son of a diplomat, Karl von Freytag-Loringhoven (1811–1882). His family was Baltic German and originated in Westphalia.

He entered the Imperial German Army in 1877, a few years after German unification, as a lieutenant. From 1887 to 1896 he taught military history at the Prussian Military Academy in Berlin. He then worked for a while for Alfred von Schlieffen, later being described as "Schlieffen's favorite disciple",[2] and in 1907 took command of the 12th Regiment of Grenadiers at Frankfurt an der Oder. In 1910 he became Oberquartiermeister, and in December 1913 took command of the 22nd Division at Cassel.

With the mobilisation of troops in 1914 for World War I, he became firstly a liaison officer with the Austro-Hungarian forces. He then returned to the Supreme Army Command as Stellvertretender Generalquartiermeister (Deputy Quartermaster-General), where he became an unofficial adviser to Erich von Falkenhayn although he bemoaned his lack of influence.[3] He briefly led the 9th Reserve Corps, then the 17th Reserve Division, and in September 1916 went back to the Supreme Army Command. On April 18, 1918, he was promoted to General of the Infantry.

He died on October 19, 1924, in Weimar at the age of 69.

Publications

[edit]

His published works include:[1][4][5][6]

  • Studien über die Kriegsführung im Sezessionskrieg (1897)
  • Deductions from the World War the English translation of Folgerungen aus dem Weltkriege (1918)
  • Heerführung Moltke's und Napoleons (1910)
  • Generalfeldmarschall Graf Schlieffen (1910)
  • A nation trained in arms or a militia? Lessons in war from the past and the present (1918)
  • Kriegsführung und Politik (1918)
  • Menschen und Dinge, wie ich sie in meinem Leben sah (1923)
  • Die Psyche Der Heere (1923)

Family

[edit]

His son, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven, married the Dadaist artist and poet Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven". Pour le Merite website. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  2. ^ Robert E. Foley, Note 40, Schlieffen, Alfred von (2003). Military Writings. Psychology press. p. 249. ISBN 9780714649993.
  3. ^ Foley 2007, pp. 96–97.
  4. ^ Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. Deductions from the World War. Constable and Company Limited, 1918.
  5. ^ Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. A Nation Trained in Arms or a Militia? Lessons in War from the Past and the Present. Constable & Company Ltd., 1918.
  6. ^ Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. Die Psyche Der Heere. E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1923.

Sources

[edit]
  • Antulio Joseph Echevarria, "General Staff Historian Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven and the Dialectics of German Military Thought", The Journal of Military History, no 60, 1996.
  • Foley, R. T. (2007) [2005]. German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916 (pbk. ed.). Cambridge: CUP. ISBN 978-0-521-04436-3.
  • Bernd Freiherr Freytag v. Loringhoven, Freytag von Loringhoven: Eine Kurzgefasste Familiengeschichte, Munich, 1986.
Military offices
Preceded by Quartermaster-General of the German Army
21 January 1915 – 29 August 1916 		Succeeded by
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