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[[Image:psj.gif|thumb|[[Pocket-Hole Joinery]] being used to assemble a simple 'T-Joint'.]]'''Joinery''' often refers to the part of [[woodworking]] that involves the joining together of parts of wood.

Traditional wood joinery techniques address
the distinctive material properties of [[wood]], often without resorting to mechanical fasteners. There are different types of joinery for different structures, for example the joinery used
to build a [[house]] is different from that used to make [[puzzle]] toys,
although elements overlap.

Wood is [[anisotropic]]: its material properties are different along different dimensions.
It is strong when stressed along the [[Wood grain|grain]] (longitudinally), but weak across it (radially and tangentially). It expands and contracts in response to [[moisture content|humidity]].
This change is very small longitudinally. It is considerable, but unequal,
in the radial and tangential directions.
The [[frame and panel]] constructions of doors and cabinets is not purely decorative.
The panel would be fragile without the support of the '''rails''', whose grain runs perpendicular to that of the panel. But, if the rails were directly fastened to the panel, the difference in the rate of expansion across
and along the grain would rip the two apart.
When properly constructed, the panel is free to expand, while still supported by the frame.

[[Glue]] is highly effective for joining wood when both surfaces of the joint are edge grain. A properly glued joint may be as strong as a single piece of wood. However, glue is ineffective on [[Wood grain|end-grain]] surfaces.
Compared to a [[mortise and tenon]], a [[dowel joint]] is a poor joint because it does not address these properties. Much of the surface of the hole of a dowel joint is end-grain, to which glue adheres poorly. In a mortise and tenon,
most of the surface of the joint is edge-grain.

==Types of joints==
Some types of joints used include:
* [[Bridle joint|Bridle]]
* [[butt joint|Butt]]
* [[Butterfly joint|Butterfly]]
* [[Butt joint#Dowel Reinforced Butt Joint|Dowel]]
* [[cope cut|Coping]]
* [[Cope and stick]]
* [[Dado (joinery)| Dado]] (US) or Housing Joint (UK)
* [[dovetail joint|Dovetail]]
* [[finger joint|Finger]] (US) or box combing (UK)
* [[lap joint|Lap]] (halving joint)
** [[lap joint|Cross-lap]]
** [[Halved joint]]
** [[lap joint|Dovetail-lap]]
** [[lap joint|End-lap]] (corner halving joint)
** [[lap joint|Middle-lap]] (Tee halving joint)
* [[miter joint|Miter]] (mitre)
* [[Mortise and tenon]]
* [[Pocket-Hole Joinery]]
* [[Rabbet]] (rebate)
* [[scarf joint|Scarf]] (scarph)
* [[Splice joint]]
* [[Tongue and groove]]
* [[Frame and panel|Frame and Panel]] (rail and style)

===Images of different types of joints===
<gallery>
Image:Joinery-cornerbridle.gif|[[Bridle joint]]
Image:Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif|[[Dowel joint]]
Image:Joinery-coping.gif|[[Coping (joinery)|Coped joint]]
Image:Woodworking-joint-dado.gif|[[Dado (joinery)|Dado]]
Image:Joinery-throughdovetail.gif|[[Dovetail joint]]
Image:Boxjoint.png|[[Finger joint|Finger joint or box combing]]
Image:Woodworking-joint-lap.gif|[[Lap joint]]s
Image:Mitre joint square.png|[[Mitre joint|mitre (miter) joint]]
Image:Mortise and Tenon.png|[[Mortise and tenon|Mortise and tenon joint]]
Image:Woodworking-joint-rebate.gif|[[Rabbet|Rabbet or rebate]]
Image:Woodworking-joint-scarf.gif|[[Scarf joint]]
Image:Woodworking-joint-splice.gif|[[Splice joint]]s
</gallery>

==Styles of Joinery==
{{Sectstub}}
Two of the most common traditions of joinery are Japanese and [[Europe]]an. The Japanese in particular developed hundreds of types of joints and their furniture was often held together without [[adhesive|glue]] or [[nail (engineering)|nails]].

==See also==
*[[Woodworking]]
*[[Building construction]]

==External Links==
==External Links==
*[http://www.diyinfo.org/wiki/Carpentry DIYinfo.org's Carpentry Wiki] - Heaps of practical information on creating various types of wood working joints
*[http://www.diyinfo.org/wiki/Carpentry DIYinfo.org's Carpentry Wiki] - Heaps of practical information on creating various types of wood working joints

Revision as of 22:18, 24 April 2007

File:Psj.gif
Pocket-Hole Joinery being used to assemble a simple 'T-Joint'.

Joinery often refers to the part of woodworking that involves the joining together of parts of wood.

Traditional wood joinery techniques address the distinctive material properties of wood, often without resorting to mechanical fasteners. There are different types of joinery for different structures, for example the joinery used to build a house is different from that used to make puzzle toys, although elements overlap.

Wood is anisotropic: its material properties are different along different dimensions. It is strong when stressed along the grain (longitudinally), but weak across it (radially and tangentially). It expands and contracts in response to humidity. This change is very small longitudinally. It is considerable, but unequal, in the radial and tangential directions. The frame and panel constructions of doors and cabinets is not purely decorative. The panel would be fragile without the support of the rails, whose grain runs perpendicular to that of the panel. But, if the rails were directly fastened to the panel, the difference in the rate of expansion across and along the grain would rip the two apart. When properly constructed, the panel is free to expand, while still supported by the frame.

Glue is highly effective for joining wood when both surfaces of the joint are edge grain. A properly glued joint may be as strong as a single piece of wood. However, glue is ineffective on end-grain surfaces. Compared to a mortise and tenon, a dowel joint is a poor joint because it does not address these properties. Much of the surface of the hole of a dowel joint is end-grain, to which glue adheres poorly. In a mortise and tenon, most of the surface of the joint is edge-grain.

Types of joints

Some types of joints used include:

Images of different types of joints

Styles of Joinery

Two of the most common traditions of joinery are Japanese and European. The Japanese in particular developed hundreds of types of joints and their furniture was often held together without glue or nails.

See also

some other external joint are mostly sronger but don't look as good.

References

  • Bernard Jones (Ed.) (1980). The Complete Woodworker. ISBN 0-89815-022-1
  • Peter Korn (1993). Working with Wood. ISBN 1-56158-041-4
  • Sam Allen (1990). Wood Joiner's Handbook. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 0-8069-6999-7
  • Wolfram Graubner (1992). Encyclopedia of Wood Joints. Taunton Press. ISBN 1-56158-004-X
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