Al-Shawkani: Difference between revisions
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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His full name was [[Muhammad (name)|Muhammad]] Ibn [[Ali (name)|Ali]] ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullaah al-Shawkani <ref name="scholarofthehouse">http://www.scholarofthehouse.org/dinistrandna.html</ref>. The surname "ash-Shawkani" is derived from Hijrah ash-Shawkan, which is a town outside [[ |
His full name was [[Muhammad (name)|Muhammad]] Ibn [[Ali (name)|Ali]] ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullaah al-Shawkani <ref name="scholarofthehouse">http://www.scholarofthehouse.org/dinistrandna.html</ref>. The surname "ash-Shawkani" is derived from Hijrah ash-Shawkan, which is a town outside [[San‘a’]]<ref>''al-Badr at-Taali' bi Mahaasin man Ba'd al-Qarn as-Sabi' '', vol. 2 pg.214</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Revision as of 04:36, 4 September 2007
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Muhammad ash-Shawkani (1759-1834 CE [1]) was a Yemeni scholar of Islam, jurisprudent, and reformer.
Name
His full name was Muhammad Ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullaah al-Shawkani [2]. The surname "ash-Shawkani" is derived from Hijrah ash-Shawkan, which is a town outside San‘a’[3]
Biography
He was from the Zaydi school of law originally, and called for a return to the textual sources of the Quran and hadith. He viewed himself as a mujtahid, or authority to whom others in the Muslim community had to defer in details of religious law. Of his work issuing fatwas, ash-Shawkani stated "I acquired knowledge without a price and I wanted to give it thus."[4] Part of the fatwa-issuing work of many noted scholars typically is devoted to the giving of ordinary opinions to private questioners. Ash-Shawkani refers both to his major fatwas, which were collected and preserved as a book, and to his "shorter" fatwas, which he said "could never be counted" and which were not recorded.[5]
He is credited with developing a series of syllabi for attaining various ranks of scholarship and used a strict system of legal analysis based on Sunni thought. He insisted that a jurists who wanted to be a mujtahid fī'l-madhhab (a scholar who is qualified to exercise ijtihad within a school of Islamic law), was required to do ijtihad, which stemmed from his opposition to taqlid for a mujtahid, which he deemed to be a vice with which the Shariah had been inflicted.[6]
- Despite his Shiite background, he is regarded as a great revivalist by Sunni Islamic movements and has influenced contemporary Islamic movements in other parts of the Muslim world such as the Ahl-i Hadith in South Asia. His legal decisions and discussions are frequently used in contemporary debate among Muslim scholars.
Works
- Nayl al-Awtar
- Fath al-Qadir - Tafsir al-Shawkani [7]
- al-Badr at-tali [8]
- Tuhfatu al-Dhakirin - Sharh Uddatu Hisna al-Haseen: a superb one volume commentary on the collection "Uddatu Hisna al-Haseen", on ahadith of Adhkar, by Ibn Al-Jazari (d. 833H)
- Al-Fawaid al-Majmu'ah Fil Ahadith ul Mau'zoo'ah
- Irshad ul Fuhool - a book on jurisprudence, considered as one of the best and one of the most scholarly introductions to Islamic Jurisprudence
Legacy
- Books written about him: Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad al-Shawkani by Bernard Haykel[9].
Views
See also
References
- ^ a b c http://umma.ws/Fatwa/family/
- ^ http://www.scholarofthehouse.org/dinistrandna.html
- ^ al-Badr at-Taali' bi Mahaasin man Ba'd al-Qarn as-Sabi' , vol. 2 pg.214
- ^ cited in Messick, Brinkly The Calligraphic State:Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society, Berkeley 1993:145
- ^ Ibid, p.150
- ^ On his call for ijtihad and opposition to taqlid, see Hallaq 1984:32-33
- ^ http://www.islamicbookstore.com/b8243.html
- ^ http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/mwld_e.html
- ^ http://www.al-bab.com/bys/books/haykel05.htm