Poutine: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Poutine.jpg|thumb|right|Poutine]] |
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'''Poutine''' (pronunciation in [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] as heard in [[Quebec French]] {{IPA|[puʦɪn]}} — listen to it in [[Media:Pronunciation-of-Poutine.wav|.wav]] format) is a dish consisting of [[French fries]] topped with fresh [[cheese curds]] and covered with hot [[gravy]] (usually brown gravy) and sometimes other additional ingredients. The curds' freshness is important as it makes them soft in the warm fries, without completely melting. It is a quintessential [[Canadian]] [[comfort food]], especially but not exclusively among [[Québécois]]. |
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Poutine is a [[fast food]] staple in [[Canada]]; it is sold by many fast food chains (such as [[New York Fries]] and [[Harvey's (restaurant chain)|Harvey's]]) in the provinces, in small diners and [[pub]]s, as well as by roadside "poutine trucks" and "fries stands". International chains like [[McDonalds]], [[A&W (Canada)|A&W]], [[Kentucky Fried Chicken]] and [[Burger King]] also sell mass-produced poutine across Canada, especially in Quebec. Popular Quebec restaurants that serve poutine include [[Chez Ashton]] ([[Quebec City]]), La Banquise ([[Montreal]]), [[Lafleur Restaurants]], [[La Belle Province (restaurant)|La Belle Province]] and [[Dic Ann's Hamburgers]]. Along with [[French fried potatoes|fries]] and [[pizza]], poutine is a very common dish sold and eaten in [[high school]] cafeterias in southern [[Ontario]]. It's also a very popular meal at ski resorts. |
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==Origins== |
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[[Image:Poutinevachon.jpg |thumb|left|Plate of poutine served at Chez Vachon, a local French-Canadian diner in Manchester, NH]] |
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The dish originated in rural [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] in the late 1950s and is now popular in parts of the country. Several [[Québécois]] communities claim to be the origin of poutine, including [[Drummondville]] (by Jean-Paul Roy), [[Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec|Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu]], and [[Victoriaville]]. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} The most popular tale is the one of Fernand Lachance, from [[Warwick, Quebec]], which claims that poutine was invented in 1957,<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/inventions/inventions.html</ref> when a customer ordered fries while waiting for his cheese curds from the Kingsey cheese factory in Kingsey Falls (now in Warwick and bought by Saputo). Lachance is said to have exclaimed ''ça va faire une maudite poutine'' ("it will make a hell of a mess"), hence the name. The gravy was allegedly added later, to keep the fries warm longer. Linguists have found no occurrence of the word ''poutine'' with this meaning earlier than 1978. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} |
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==Variations== |
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There are many variations of poutine. A common variation, Italian poutine, substitutes gravy with "spaghetti sauce" (a thick tomato and ground beef sauce, roughly analogous to [[Bolognese sauce]]), while another variation includes sausage slices.<ref>Lonely Planet: Canada, any edition</ref> Greek poutine consists of shoestring fries topped with feta cheese and a warm Mediterranean vinaigrette or fries, gravy and [[feta]] cheese. Some restaurants in Montreal offer poutine with such additions as bacon, or smoked meat, although these are not as common. |
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Some restaurants boast a dozen or more variations of poutine. For instance, more upscale poutine with three-pepper sauce, [[Mergez|Merguez sausage]], [[foie gras]] or even [[caviar]] and [[truffle]] can be found.<ref>{{Citation |
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| last = Krauss | first = Clifford |
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| title = Quebec Finds Pride in a Greasy Favorite |
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| newspaper = [[New York Times]] |
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| date = [[2004-04-26]] |
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| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/26/international/americas/26mont.html?ex=1398312000&en=27b2d7db41c369a4&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND |
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| accessdate = 2007-04-24 }}</ref> Another variation, poutine Galvaude, includes shredded chicken and green peas, often eliminating the cheese -- this mimics the typical Québécois preparation of a [[hot chicken sandwich]]. When ordering a fast food combination meal in Canada, you can pay extra to get your french fries replaced with a poutine. |
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In the [[United States]], mostly in the state of [[Maine]], poutine is referred to as "mixed fries", "mix fry", or simply "mix" {{Fact|date=February 2007}}, although the term "poutine" has been gaining in popularity in recent years, especially in [[Aroostook County]]. It is very similar, but shredded mozzarella cheese is the most popular topping, along with beef or brown gravy (although turkey gravy is also used in some places). It is a popular item among small, privately-owned restaurants. Mostly part of the culture of The County, a mixed fry can also come with cooked [[ground beef]] on top, and is referred to as a hamburger mix. The latter is less popular than a regular mix. In diners in New Jersey and New York City, a similar dish is available, except it is called disco fries. Slices of American, Mozzarella or Swiss can be used instead of curds. |
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In the Northeast Kingdom region of Vermont, which borders Quebec, poutine is generally served at restaurants. It is served the same way that it was originally created, using large steak fries, beef gravy and cheese curds. Residents sometimes pronounce it "poo-tine", but most pronounce it "poot-tsien". |
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In fact, it is quite popular almost anywhere in the U.S. bordering Canada, notably Sault Ste. Marie, MI. While it is possible to get gravy with one's fries in many locations, only rarely is it served with cheese. It is also not often sold on its own--it is usually used as a side dish. |
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Outside of Quebec, poutine is sometimes served with regular cheese (usually [[mozzarella]] cheese) rather than curds. |
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==Etymology== |
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The etymology of the word is a subject of much debate in Quebec. Many believe that it may be an adaptation of the English word [[pudding]], the word being attested from the end of the 19th century in Oscar Dunn's Canadian French dictionary with the meaning of ''pudding'', and with similar meanings in [[Acadian French]] and [[Cajun French]]. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} Some Quebec linguists think that the word evolved from [[Provençal]] ''poutingo,'' {{Fact|date=February 2007}} which means ''bad [[stew]],'' under the phonetic influence of English ''pudding''. The [[Office québécois de la langue française]] rejects this theory. |
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== Poutine in politics == |
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In a segment on the television series ''[[This Hour Has 22 Minutes]]'' during the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 American election]], [[Rick Mercer]] convinced then-Governor of Texas [[George W. Bush]] that Canada's Prime Minister, [[Jean Chrétien]], was named ''Jean Poutine'' and that he was supporting Bush's candidacy. A few years later when Bush made his first official visit to Canada, he joked during a speech, "There's a prominent citizen who endorsed me in the 2000 election, and I wanted a chance to finally thank him for that endorsement. I was hoping to meet Jean Poutine." The remark was met with laughter and applause. <ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/12/20041201-4.html</ref> |
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"Poutine", pronounced identically, also happens to be the French spelling of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]]'s surname, which has given rise to some jokes and wordplay.<ref>[http://personal.nbnet.nb.ca/rosellam/I_am_Acadian.html]</ref> |
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==Related dishes== |
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While at first glance the dish may seem similar to American 'disco fries', poutine with melted cheese, shredded cheese, or cheese slices is not regarded as "genuine" poutine, which is served with curd cheese. |
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In [[New Brunswick]], there is an earlier traditional [[Acadian]] dish known as ''[[poutine râpée]]'', which is completely different from the "poutine québécoise". The Acadian poutine is a ball of grated and [[mashed potato]], salted, filled with chicken or [[pork]] in the centre, and boiled. The result is a moist greyish ball about the size of a [[baseball (ball)|baseball]]. It is commonly eaten with salt and pepper or [[brown sugar]]. It is believed to have originated from the [[German language|German]] ''[[Klöße]]'', prepared by early German settlers who lived among the Acadians. Many other dishes, similar or not, are known by the same name. |
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Acadians of Western [[Nova Scotia]] feast on a similar dish which is called ''râpure'', or ''rappie pie'' in English. The difference with the New Brunswick ''poutine râpée'' is that it is served flat, rather than in the shape of a ball. |
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''Chips and Gravy'' is a staple of the cheaper bistro style menus, in such places as [[Royal Canadian Legion]] and Workers Clubs, where the food offered would not be considered "fast food" but is still cheap and filling, especially for children. (The word “chips”, commonly referring in the United States to flat, crunchy slices of potato, can also be a synonym for “french fries”.) |
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==References== |
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<references /> |
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==External links== |
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{{Cookbook}} |
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*[http://www.brightestyoungthings.com/food/food-tangent-the-majesty-of-poutine/ Food Tangent: The Majesty of Poutine] <i>BrightestYoungThings.com</i> overview of poutine and Chez Vachon in Manchester, NH |
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*[http://mfdh.ca/writing/nonfiction/Poutine_She_Is_Delicious.html The Poutine, She's Delicious], a brief irreverent history of the food |
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*[http://www.montrealpoutine.com Montrealpoutine.com], a poutine website with poutine restaurant ratings, recipes. |
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*[http://electron.mit.edu/~gsteele/poutine Poutine Page] A poutine enthusiast's webpage, including pictures and an overview of the poutine making process. |
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*[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-69-1371-8372/life_society/canadian_food/clip5 Poutine on The News (1991)], CBC News Report on Poutine |
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*[http://www.montrealfood.com/poutine.html montrealfood.com] |
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*[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/dining/23pout.html?ex=1337572800&en=42c5e67c003989af&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink A Staple From Quebec, Embarrassing but Adored], ''New York Times'' Article on Poutine coming to New York City |
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[[Category:Acadian cuisine]] |
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[[Category:Canadian cuisine]] |
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[[Category:Fast food]] |
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[[Category:Potato dishes]] |
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[[Category:Quebecois cuisine]] |
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[[de:Poutine]] |
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[[fr:Poutine (recette)]] |
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[[he:פוטין (מאכל)]] |
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[[ja:プーティン]] |
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[[sv:Poutine]] |
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[[zh:干酪浇肉汁土豆条]] |
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Revision as of 03:50, 22 October 2007
Goatse.