4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione: Difference between revisions
m Reverted edits by 24.187.185.166 (talk) to last version by Surachit |
Add Baylor Univ study about 6-OXO |
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A recent [[United States]] [[patent]] application claims an 88% increase in plasma testosterone levels in men, while decreasing estrogen levels by 11%.<ref>[http://www.freshpatents.com/Use-of-4-androstene-3617-trione-to-elevate-testosterone-levels-and-the-testosterone-estrogen-ratio-in-males-dt20050317ptan20050059646.php?type=description Patent application:"Use of 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione to elevate testosterone levels and the testosterone/estrogen ratio in males"]</ref> The subjects took 300mg orally twice a day for four weeks without taking any other drugs or supplements. |
A recent [[United States]] [[patent]] application claims an 88% increase in plasma testosterone levels in men, while decreasing estrogen levels by 11%.<ref>[http://www.freshpatents.com/Use-of-4-androstene-3617-trione-to-elevate-testosterone-levels-and-the-testosterone-estrogen-ratio-in-males-dt20050317ptan20050059646.php?type=description Patent application:"Use of 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione to elevate testosterone levels and the testosterone/estrogen ratio in males"]</ref> The subjects took 300mg orally twice a day for four weeks without taking any other drugs or supplements. |
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Baylor University made a eight-week study to determine the effects of 300 mg or 600 mg of 6-OXO in resistance trained males. Compared to baseline, free testosterone increased by 90% for 300 mg group and 84% for 600 mg group, respectively. Also [[dihydrotestosterone]] and ratio of [[free testosterone]] to [[estradiol]] increased significantly. |
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An often-cited study (but only referenced as being authored by "a prestigious clinical research organization") claims an average 188% increase in total testosterone levels and an average 226% increase in free testosterone levels in six male participants. The subjects took 600mg a day for a total of three weeks.<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0801/is_7_65/ai_n6074719 Muscle & Fitness: The science of 6-OXO]</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rohle D, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Mulligan C, Kreider R, Willoughby D. |title=Effects of eight weeks of an alleged aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement 6-OXO (androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione) on serum hormone profiles and clinical safety markers in resistance-trained, eugonadal males. |year=2007 |journal=J Int Soc Sports Nutr. pmid=17949492}}</ref> |
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Older study about 6-OXO from year 2004 is at |
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It appears that the "prestigious clinical research organization" was Thomas Incledon's single man company "Human Performance Specialists, Inc." . Attempts to access the Inquiries page of the research section lead to a broken link. |
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<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0801/is_7_65/ai_n6074719 Muscle & Fitness: The science of 6-OXO]</ref>. |
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There are no peer-reviewed studies that evaluate the safety or efficacy of 4-AT in humans. In a [http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g5935d.htm warning letter] dated July 7, 2006, the [[FDA]] argues that marketing of 4-AT (aka, 6-OXO) violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and as such products containing it are ''adulterated'' by legal definition. |
There are no peer-reviewed studies that evaluate the safety or efficacy of 4-AT in humans. In a [http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g5935d.htm warning letter] dated July 7, 2006, the [[FDA]] argues that marketing of 4-AT (aka, 6-OXO) violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and as such products containing it are ''adulterated'' by legal definition. |
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Revision as of 20:39, 4 February 2008
| File:4-AT.svg | |
| Clinical data | |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | oral |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Elimination half-life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Identifiers | |
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| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C19H24O3 |
| Molar mass | 300.39 g·mol−1 |
4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione (also marketed as "6-OXO" or 4-etioallocholen-3,6,17-trione) is a drug or nutritional supplement that may increase the testosterone-estrogen ratio. Its use can be detected in urine.[1]
4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione (4-AT) is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue. [2][3][4] Aromatase is responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Blocking aromatase causes the body to decrease in levels of estradiol, which then results in increase of LH and consequently, testosterone. Since testosterone has myotropic activity and estradiol does not, elevated testosterone levels increase muscle mass. However, there appear to be no human or animal studies testing the hypothesis that 4-AT will produce an anabolic effect.
4-AT is also used by steroid or prohormone users to counteract estrogen level increases caused by aromatization during their steroid cycle. This helps minimize side effects such as gynecomastia but can lead to acne. Also, after a steroid cycle, the compound may be used to shorten the recovery from the testicular suppression that can be the result of the use of steroids.
A recent United States patent application claims an 88% increase in plasma testosterone levels in men, while decreasing estrogen levels by 11%.[5] The subjects took 300mg orally twice a day for four weeks without taking any other drugs or supplements.
Baylor University made a eight-week study to determine the effects of 300 mg or 600 mg of 6-OXO in resistance trained males. Compared to baseline, free testosterone increased by 90% for 300 mg group and 84% for 600 mg group, respectively. Also dihydrotestosterone and ratio of free testosterone to estradiol increased significantly. [6]
Older study about 6-OXO from year 2004 is at [7].
There are no peer-reviewed studies that evaluate the safety or efficacy of 4-AT in humans. In a warning letter dated July 7, 2006, the FDA argues that marketing of 4-AT (aka, 6-OXO) violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and as such products containing it are adulterated by legal definition.
Usage
A typical dosage regimen is 200-600mg orally once a day in the evening, for a 4-6 week cycle.
References
- ^ J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Dec 15;828(1-2):21-6 -Regarding detection of 6-OXO in urine
- ^ Numazawa M, Tsuji M, Mutsumi A (1987). "Studies on aromatase inhibition with 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione: its 3 beta-reduction and time-dependent irreversible binding to aromatase with human placental microsomes". J Steroid Biochem. 28(3) (Sep): 337–44. PMID 3657156.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Covey DF, Hood WF. (1981). "Enzyme-generated intermediates derived from 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione cause a time-dependent decrease in human placental aromatase activity". Endocrinology. 108 (4): 1597–9. PMID 7472286.
- ^ Hsueh AJ, Erickson GF. (1978). "Glucocorticoid inhibition of FSH-induced estrogen production in cultured rat granulosa cells". Steroids. 32 (5): 639–48. PMID 734698.
- ^ Patent application:"Use of 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione to elevate testosterone levels and the testosterone/estrogen ratio in males"
- ^ Rohle D, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Mulligan C, Kreider R, Willoughby D. (2007). "Effects of eight weeks of an alleged aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement 6-OXO (androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione) on serum hormone profiles and clinical safety markers in resistance-trained, eugonadal males". J Int Soc Sports Nutr. pmid=17949492.
{{cite journal}}: Missing pipe in:|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Muscle & Fitness: The science of 6-OXO