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Árpád (c. 845 – c. 907), the second Grand Prince of the Magyars (c. 895 – c. 907).

Legend has it that Aetilea/Attila/Atilla/Etele was his great great great grandfather; Ernák/Irnik his great great grandfather; Ed his great grandfather; Ügyek and Emese his grandfather; Álmos his father.^[1]

Árpád's dynasty ruled historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301, nearly 400 years.

His life

Árpád was a 9th-century leader of the Magyars. Under his rule the Magyar people settled in the Carpathian basin.

Árpád was the son of Grand Prince Álmos, leader of the Hungarian tribal federation; his mother's name and descent is unknown.

In 894, Árpád and Kurszán negotiated together with the representatives of the Byzantine emperor, Leo VI the Wise the terms under which the confederation of the Magyar tribes was willing to assist the Byzantine Empire against Emperor Simeon I of Bulgaria.

In the spring of next year, the Magyar tribes attacked the Bulgarian Empire and defeated Emperor Simeon I, obliging him to conclude peace with the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Simeon, however, entered into an alliance with the Pechenegs, who were the eastern neighbours of the Hungarian tribal federation, and he made an attack against the Magyar troops. In the Battle of Southern Buh, Emperor Simeon I defeated their army; shortly afterwards, the Pechenegs attacked and pillaged their territories. The Magyar tribes were obliged to leave Etelköz and move to the Carpathian Basin where they settled down (Honfoglalás).

Prince Árpád is crossing the Carpathians. A detail of Árpád Feszty and assistants' vast (over 8000 m²) canvas (Ópusztaszer National Memorial Site, Hungary)

.

The circumstances of Álmos' death are unclear. The leaders of the seven Hungarian tribes proclaimed Árpád to Grand Prince of the Magyars^[2]; therefore Árpád is considered traditionally to lead the Honfoglalás ("the occupation of the country").

In 896 the Hungarian tribes occupied the Upper Tisza river, from there they undertook numerous looting raids in central and western Europe, and in 900/901 they moved to Pannonia^[3]. The Magyars entering the Pannonian fields in 896 may have represented about 200,000–250,000 people.

Árpád perhaps lead the Magyars in three Battles of Bratislava (July 4-5 and August 9, 907), in which the Bavarian army was routed. Historians traditionally put this year as the date of the breakup of the Great Moravian Empire. During the 5 day battle Árpád suffered mortal wounds, to which he eventually succumbed. He's three oldest sons also fell in battle. Of his five sons, the 10 year old Zsolt/Zolta survived, since his oldest Levente also fell during the (Honfoglalás).

Árpád and the six other chieftains of the Magyars. From the Chronicon Pictum, 1360.

Based on Arabic sources, Árpád's title seems to have been kende^[4] or gyula. In that time kende was the spiritual leader of the Magyar tribes, while the gyula led their military campaigns. According to legends, Árpád hold the first "parliamentary" session with 40 other "nobles" on horseback before 900 AD.

Children

Levente
Tarhos (Tarkacsu) (? – ?)
Üllő (Jeleg or Jeleg) (? – ?)
Jutocsa (Jutas) (? – ?)
Zoltan of Hungary (947 – ?)

Legacy

Although he is not considered the founder of the Kingdom of Hungary – that was his descendant Stephen I –, he is generally thought of as the forefather of Hungarians and is often affectionally mentioned as our father Árpád. Árpád was the founder of the dynasty named after him, which would rule over the kingdom of Hungary till 1301.

Sources

Kristó, Gyula - Makk, Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó, Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel, Pál és Makk, Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
Kristó, Gyula: A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig) (Szegedi Középkortörténeti Könyvtár, Szeged, 1993)
Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)

References

Árpád Hungarian Wikipedia

^ http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_fejedelem
^ The Byzantine De administrando imperio says around 950: Prior to this Árpád, the Magyars did never have another ruling prince ('archont') and since then up to today the ruling prince of Hungary has been from that family. However, his father was probably proclaimed to Grand Prince around 855.
^ It is remarkable that Árpád was never mentioned by contemporary Western sources, which strengthens the idea that he was the spiritual ruler of the Magyars.
^ Some scholars consider Kende to be the name of a person.

External links

Árpád, painting from the 19th century

Preceded by Álmos	Grand Prince of the Magyars c. 895 - c. 907	Succeeded by Unknown / Zoltán

[1] ttp://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_fejedelem

[2] The Byzantine De administrando imperio says around 950: Prior to this Árpád, the Magyars did never have another ruling prince ('archont') and since then up to today the ruling prince of Hungary has been from that family. However, his father was probably proclaimed to Grand Prince around 855.

[3] It is remarkable that Árpád was never mentioned by contemporary Western sources, which strengthens the idea that he was the spiritual ruler of the Magyars.

[4] Some scholars consider Kende to be the name of a person.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 [[Image:Arpadfeszty.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Prince Árpád is crossing the Carpathians. A detail of [[Árpád Feszty]] and assistants' vast (over 8000 m²) canvas (Ópusztaszer National Memorial Site, Hungary)]].
-The catastrophic defeats during the wars with the Bulgarian Empire and the Pechenegs caused Álmos' death, who was probably either assassinated or sacrificed. The leaders of the seven Hungarian tribes proclaimed Árpád to [[Grand Prince of the Magyars]]<ref>The [[Byzantine]] ''[[De administrando imperio]]'' says around 950: ''Prior to this Árpád, the Magyars did never have another ruling prince ('archont') and since then up to today the ruling prince of Hungary has been from that family.'' However, his father was probably proclaimed to Grand Prince around 855.</ref>; therefore Árpád is considered traditionally to lead the ''Honfoglalás'' ("the occupation of the country").
+The circumstances of Álmos' death are unclear. The leaders of the seven Hungarian tribes proclaimed Árpád to [[Grand Prince of the Magyars]]<ref>The [[Byzantine]] ''[[De administrando imperio]]'' says around 950: ''Prior to this Árpád, the Magyars did never have another ruling prince ('archont') and since then up to today the ruling prince of Hungary has been from that family.'' However, his father was probably proclaimed to Grand Prince around 855.</ref>; therefore Árpád is considered traditionally to lead the ''Honfoglalás'' ("the occupation of the country").
 In 896 the Hungarian tribes occupied the Upper [[Tisza]] river, from there they undertook numerous looting raids in central and western Europe, and in 900/901 they moved to [[Pannonia]]<ref>It is remarkable that Árpád was never mentioned by contemporary Western sources, which strengthens the idea that he was the spiritual ruler of the Magyars.</ref>. The Magyars entering the Pannonian fields in 896 may have represented about 200,000–250,000 people.