Sri Baduga Maharaja

Siliwangi is a legendary Sunda king who bring his kingdom the greatness and welfare.

Name

Some historians have an opinion that Siliwangi is derived from Sundanese words of "Silih Wangi", meaning a descendant of King Wangi. Based on this verison, King Siliwangi is a grandchild of King Wangi. King Wangi alias King Lingga Buana is a Sunda king who, based on Kidung Sunda, died in Majapahit kingdom in 1357 AD against the betrayal of Majapahit. The tragedy was started with the intention of Hayam Wuruk, Majapahit king, to marry Diah Pitaloka, a daughter of King Lingga Buana. The Sunda royal family came to Majapahit, through Java Sea, to marry his daughter with Hayam Wuruk. But, in their way to Majapahit pallace, the Sunda royal family was attacked by Majapahit army in Bubat. As a result there was an unfair fight between the Sunda royal family and Majapahit army. The Sunda royal family defended their lives to death for the sake of honor instead of surrendering to Majapahit. After his death, King Lingga Buana was named King Wangi (lit. very honorable king) because of his heroic act against Majapahit. His descendants with the same quality of greatness were called Silihwangi (lit. successor of Wangi).

Some other historian have an opinion that Siliwangi is derived from Sundanese word of "Asilih Wewangi", meaning changing title. Template:Secstub

Siliwangi according to the oral and written East Javanese literature

The name Siliwangi is alive either in the folklore of the Sundanese and in the classical literary texts of Javanese (East Javanese). The people in West Java and East Java make no difference between the fact and the fiction, it is due to the text, the folklore and the history having been specific needly of each other (Danandjaja l984; Koentjaraningrat 1984).

The first historical notes of East Java tells that Siliwangi has been expressed as a character along the tales and play of Kenthrung or Dhalang Kenthrung accompanied by terbang. Siliwangi in the epic story play is presented as Jaka Wanara (Siyung Wanara) and Surya Kembar in the occasion of the family rites or ceremonial events (Hutomo 1975; 1979; 1981; Rosidi 1960;1961)

The Surya Kember Epic stages Siliwangi, the King of Pajajaran, with two wives. The first wife has delivered twin babies but the second wife stolen the babies and replaced them with dogs. It is the helping of Batara Guru who save the babies and rising them alone in Candradimuka crater. They were grown-up and named as Kembar and Arya Kembar. They then went to the palace of the Pajajaran, their stepmother (the second wife of their father) was killed and they live happily ever after (Olthof l941; Jayasubrata 1917).

Another historical notes about Siliwangi appears in Carita Ludruk or Ludruk play. It is Siliwangi in Pajajaran kingdom who begin the story telling the chronical Ratu Sagara Kidul, Nay Kanjeng Rara Kidul Mantu and Siyung Wanara. The summary of the story is as follows:

It is Ki Anjar Wilis, who have great influence to the royal family of Pajajaran kingdom, and that makes Prabu Siliwangi (who is named as Cilihawan) feared. It is because Ki Anjar Willis has the royal vein and a sacred greatest monk of the times. So Cilihawan ordered Patih Mangku Praja to take the monk to the palace, testifying him by the simulate. It is that a Queen, named Dewi Sumekar, who was pretending pregnant. Ki Anjar Willis knows that he is being cheated by the king, at the same times he also know that in the next future the pregnancy would come true, so he said truthfully. It makes the king furiously angry and killed the monk. At once the monk vanished but still saying in condemn that 'the baby who will be born and take revenge for his death". Then the baby boy is born. On panic, the king and his wife throw away the baby into Krawang river, but luckily the baby still alive and being picked up by Ki Krawang. He adopt and rise the baby in the forest sphere accompanied by animals. Ki Krawang named the baby boy Ciung Wanara (Pleyte 1911; 1913; Poerbatjaraka 1952; Pigeaud 1967-1980).

Then, the baby grown up, he goes fighting for the crown by the pseudonym of the Harya Banyak Wide. He forged the discrowned king's of Pajajaran with bare hand, locked up the king into the iron cage, burned him till death(Pleyte l914; 1923)

The whole stories above is in resemblance especially with the texts, as follows:

1. Poenika Serat Babad Tanah Jawi Saking Nabi Adam Doemoegi Ing Taoen 1647 (Olthof, 1941)
2. Lalampahan Ciung Wanara (Balai Pustaka 1939)

Another expression of Siliwangi and Pajajaran from the East Javanese historical notes appear in Ketoprak stage (or play), also in the popular dance based on Carita Babad (Olthof l941), as follows:

1. Lahire Jaka Susuruh
2. Siyung Wanara
3. Siyung Wanara Mbalelo
4. Siyung wanara Dadhi Ratu Pajajaran
5. Jaka Suruh Ngadegage Majapahit
6. Siyung Nglurung Menyang Pajajaran
7. Ajar Samara Tunggal (Puteri Pajajaran Dadhi Pandita)
8. Nyai Rara Kidul (Puteri Pajajaran Dadhi Ratu Dhemit)

Siliwangi also told in the performance in Dhalang Klithik or Wayang Krucil which is firstly created by Sunan Kudus. The play narrated especially King Banjaransari of Pajajaran up to King Brawijaya of Majapahit. There is also Wayang Gedhang or Wayang Antara which is still popular among the commoners, the story is evoking the relation between the kingdoms of Janggala and Pajajaran kingdom. It is said that Brawijaya "the founder of the Majapahit Kingdom'" is not Raden Wijaya but actually is Raden Jaka Susuruh of the Pajajaran' (Winter en Roorda 1912; Widjaja Kusuma 1961).

The antonished sources is in Arabic script wich are very familiar among the Pesisiran dwellers, such as Babad Demak Pesisiran, Babad Tuban. Those Babad is told that the founders of Majapahit is Raden Jaka Susuruh of Pajajaran Kingdom.

From all the folklore and literary texts, we come to a conclusion that Siliwangi is the same as Raden Jaka Susuruh or Prabu Banjaransari or Ciung Wanara. He is the great-great grandfather of Arya Bangah (Yogaswara, et.al, 1976).

See also

1. Sunda Kingdom
2. Sunda

References

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