Chamaeleo melleri: Difference between revisions
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[Image:Chamaeleo melleri.jpg|left|222px|thumb|''Chamaeleo melleri'']] |
[[Image:Chamaeleo melleri.jpg|left|222px|thumb|''Chamaeleo melleri'']] |
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The largest of the African [[family (biology)|Chamaeleonidae]], ''C. melleri'' averages 21 |
The largest of the African [[family (biology)|Chamaeleonidae]], ''C. melleri'' averages {{convert|21|in|cm}} in length, but exceptionally large specimens of Meller's Chameleons have reached over {{convert|30|in|cm}} in length and have weighed {{convert|21|oz|g|-2|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name="lil"/><ref name="tri"/><ref name="geo"/> |
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Females are generally smaller than males, <ref name="FF">{{Citation | last1 = Halliday | first1 = Tim | last2 = Adler | first2 = Kraig | title = Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians | publisher = Firefly Books | year = 2002 | isbn = 9781552976135 }}</ref> and have less developed dorsal and medial crests. The head of this species is relatively small in relation to the rest of its body and has a more elongated shape in comparison to other chameleons in its [[genus]].<ref name="tri"/> |
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''C. melleri'' is stout-bodied and has a relatively stubby tail one one third the length of its body. A low, scalloped crest extends from just behind the casque of the head through the proximal half of the tail. It has heterogeneous scales which vary shape and size to various parts of its body and large, granular scales distributed homogeneously on the trunk and limbs. There are longitudinal rows of large, granular scales in the chameleon's gular region, one of its most distinctive characteristics.<ref name="tri"/> |
''C. melleri'' is stout-bodied and has a relatively stubby tail one one third the length of its body. A low, scalloped crest extends from just behind the casque of the head through the proximal half of the tail, and a sharp medial crest runs from the lizard's eyes to the tip of its snout, which bears a single small horn. This chameleon also has bears greatly enlarged [[occipital lobe]]s.<ref name="tri"/><ref name="geo"/> It has heterogeneous scales which vary shape and size to various parts of its body and large, granular scales distributed homogeneously on the trunk and limbs. There are longitudinal rows of large, granular scales in the chameleon's gular region, one of its most distinctive characteristics.<ref name="tri"/> |
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Spots and broad vertical bands on the chameleon's flanks range in color from brown, dark green, yellow or even black. The basic coloration of the creature is a deep [[forest green]] with white stripes but like |
Spots and broad vertical bands on the chameleon's flanks range in color from brown, dark green, yellow or even black. The basic coloration of the creature is a deep [[forest green]] with white stripes, but like many chameleons it can change its color depending on various circumstances. If being fed or handled they might display black and white dots. When basking in the sun, the side of their body towards the sunlight can turn dark green or black, while the rest of the animal stays much lighter.<ref name="lil"/><ref name="tri"/> |
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They also have color patterns associated with stress. Mild excitement or stress is indicated by dark spotting overlaying the reptile's normal color. These dark green spots turn to black mottling as the chameleon gets more upset. Severe stress turns the chameleon first charcoal gray, |
They also have color patterns associated with stress. Mild excitement or stress is indicated by dark spotting overlaying the reptile's normal color. These dark green spots turn to black mottling as the chameleon gets more upset. Severe stress turns the chameleon first charcoal gray, followed by pure white adorned with yellow stripes. A sick Meller's Chameleon may be mottled with brown, gray, pink, or white. A [[pregnancy|gravid]] animal is black, cream, and gray colored and will also be bulging with eggs.<ref name="lil"/> |
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Male Meller's Chameleons, and to a lesser extent females |
Male Meller's Chameleons, and to a lesser extent females, are extremely territorial and highly aggressive toward others of their species.<ref name="tri"/> Their long tongues can reach prey up to {{convert|20|in|cm}} away.<ref name="lil"/><ref name="geo"/> |
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==Diet and reproduction== |
==Diet and reproduction== |
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Revision as of 02:14, 27 May 2009
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| Species: | C. melleri
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| Chamaeleo melleri | |
Chamaeleo melleri, common names Meller's Chameleon (German: Mellerchamäleon), Giant One-horned Chameleon, and Elefantenohrchamäleon (German for "Elephant Ear Chameleon") is the largest species of chameleon from the African continent (i.e. the largest of the chameleons not native to Madagascar).[2][3][4] Meller's Chameleon gets its common name from a "Dr. Meller" who is mentioned by biologist and taxon authority John Gray in the section about the habitat of the species in his 1865 description.[1]
Range
C. melleri is relatively common in the bushy savannahs and interior mountains of East Africa and may be found in Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania.[3][4][5]
Description
The largest of the African Chamaeleonidae, C. melleri averages 21 inches (53 cm) in length, but exceptionally large specimens of Meller's Chameleons have reached over 30 inches (76 cm) in length and have weighed 21 oz (600 g).[2][3][4]
Females are generally smaller than males, [6] and have less developed dorsal and medial crests. The head of this species is relatively small in relation to the rest of its body and has a more elongated shape in comparison to other chameleons in its genus.[3]
C. melleri is stout-bodied and has a relatively stubby tail one one third the length of its body. A low, scalloped crest extends from just behind the casque of the head through the proximal half of the tail, and a sharp medial crest runs from the lizard's eyes to the tip of its snout, which bears a single small horn. This chameleon also has bears greatly enlarged occipital lobes.[3][4] It has heterogeneous scales which vary shape and size to various parts of its body and large, granular scales distributed homogeneously on the trunk and limbs. There are longitudinal rows of large, granular scales in the chameleon's gular region, one of its most distinctive characteristics.[3]
Spots and broad vertical bands on the chameleon's flanks range in color from brown, dark green, yellow or even black. The basic coloration of the creature is a deep forest green with white stripes, but like many chameleons it can change its color depending on various circumstances. If being fed or handled they might display black and white dots. When basking in the sun, the side of their body towards the sunlight can turn dark green or black, while the rest of the animal stays much lighter.[2][3]
They also have color patterns associated with stress. Mild excitement or stress is indicated by dark spotting overlaying the reptile's normal color. These dark green spots turn to black mottling as the chameleon gets more upset. Severe stress turns the chameleon first charcoal gray, followed by pure white adorned with yellow stripes. A sick Meller's Chameleon may be mottled with brown, gray, pink, or white. A gravid animal is black, cream, and gray colored and will also be bulging with eggs.[2]
Male Meller's Chameleons, and to a lesser extent females, are extremely territorial and highly aggressive toward others of their species.[3] Their long tongues can reach prey up to 20 inches (51 cm) away.[2][4]
Diet and reproduction
Like most chameleons, Meller's are strict carnivores eating insects, smaller lizards, spiders, worms, and caterpillars.[4] Large specimens have been known to eat small birds.[4][5]
Females annually produce a single clutch of up to 60 eggs.[7] Newborn Meller's Chameleons are about 4 inches (10 cm) in length and must be fed Drosophilidae and tiny crickets for the first three weeks of their lives.[2] Afterwards, they accept house flies and larger insect prey including crickets, locusts, silkworms, and cockroaches. They may live as long as twelve years.[3][4]
Captivity
C. melleri specimens vary from timid to moderately aggressive towards humans.[8] Wild caught specimens of C. melleri have fared poorly in captivity, often imported with heavy parasite loads, they have a high mortality rate.[9] The species has been successfully bred in captivity as long as specific requirements are met and are recommended for advanced hobbyists.[3][4][8]
As they are large lizards, a large enclosure is recommended.[3] One breeder recommends placing the chameleon's cage above human eye level so that it can feel elevated in its environment.[2][3]
High day time temperatures (80-85°F or 27-29°C) are needed for the reptile's enclosure.[3] Simulating the natural temperature changes of the creature's native environment, a night time temperature of the low 60s Fahrenheit (~16°C) is recommended as well.[3] They also need considerable hydration and various dietary supplements are recommended.[2][3]
External links
- Chamaeleo melleri at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
- Profile at the Reptile Database
- ITIS Standard Report Chamaeleo melleri
References
- ^ a b Gray, J.E. (1865). Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 340-354
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Common Name: Meller's Chameleon". LLL Reptile. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Pollak, E. (6/18/203). "Chamaeleo (Trioceros) melleri Profile". AdCham.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "Meller's Chameleon Printable Page from National Geographic Animals". National Geographic. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ a b Griffiths, Clare; Bell, Brian (2003), Insight Guide East African Wildlife (Insight Guides East African Wildlife) (3 ed.), Insight Guides, ISBN 9789812349422
- ^ Halliday, Tim; Adler, Kraig (2002), Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians, Firefly Books, ISBN 9781552976135
- ^ Cogger, Harold; Zweifel, Richard (1992). Reptiles & Amphibians. Sydney: Weldon Owen. ISBN 0831727861.
- ^ a b LeBerre, J (2000), The Chameleon Handbook (1 ed.), Barron's Educational Series, ISBN 9780764112423
- ^ Ackerman, Lowell (1997), Biology of Reptiles Vol. 1 (Biology Husbandry and Health Care of Reptiles), vol. 1, TFH Publications, ISBN 9780793805013