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For other meanings of "explode" and "explosion" and similar, see Explosion (disambiguation).

Gasoline explosions, simulating bomb drops at an airshow.

Black smoke from an explosion rising after a bomb detonation outside Nahr al-Bared

File:IED Controlled Explosion.jpg

Detonation of a MICLIC to destroy a 1km in depth blast resistant minefield in Iraq.

An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases. An explosion creates a shock wave.

Types of explosives

Natural

Explosions can occur in nature. Most natural explosions arise from volcanic processes of various sorts. Explosive volcanic eruptions occur when magma rising from below has much dissolved gas in it; the reduction of pressure as the magma rises causes the gas to bubble out of solution, resulting in a rapid increase in volume. Explosions also occur as a result of impact events. Explosions can also occur outside of Earth in the universe in events such as supernova. Explosions frequently occur during Bushfires in Eucalyptus forests where the volatile oils in the tree tops suddenly combust^[1].

Chemical

The most common artificial explosives are chemical explosives, usually involving a rapid and violent oxidation reaction that produces large amounts of hot gas. Gunpowder was the first explosive to be discovered and put to use. Other notable early developments in chemical explosive technology were Frederick Augustus Abel's development of nitrocellulose in 1865 and Alfred Nobel's invention of dynamite in 1866.

Nuclear

A nuclear weapon is a type of explosive weapon that derives its destructive force from the nuclear reaction of fission or from a combination of fission and fusion. As a result, even a nuclear weapon with a small yield is significantly more powerful than the largest conventional explosives available, with a single weapon capable of destroying an entire city.

Electrical

A high current electrical fault can create an electrical explosion by forming a high energy electrical arc which rapidly vaporizes metal and insulation material. Also, excessive magnetic pressure within an ultra-strong electromagnet can cause a magnetic explosion.

Vapour

Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions are a type of explosion that can occur when a vessel containing a pressurized liquid is ruptured, causing a rapid increase in volume as the liquid evaporates.

Astronomical

Among the largest known explosions in the universe are supernovae, which result from stars exploding, and gamma ray bursts, whose nature is still in some dispute. Solar flares are an example of explosion common on the Sun, and presumably on most other stars as well. The energy source for solar flare activity comes from the tangling of magnetic field lines resulting from the rotation of the Sun's conductive plasma.

Mechanical

Strictly a physical process, as opposed to chemical or nuclear, eg, a the bursting of a sealed or partially-sealed container under internal pressure is often referred to as a 'mechanical explosion'. Examples include an overheated boiler or a simple tin can of beans tossed into a fire. A BLEVE (see above) is one type of mechanical explosion, but depending on the contents of the container, the effects can be dramatically more serious - consider a propane tank in the midst of a fire. In such a case, to the limited effects of the simple mechanical explosion when the tank fails are added the chemical explosion resulting from the released (initially liquid and then almost instanteaously gaseous) propane in the presence of an ignition source. For this reason, emergency workers often differentiate between the two events.

Notable explosions

Chemical explosions

Nanaimo mine explosion 1887
Halifax Explosion 1917
Battle of Messines 1917
Oppau explosion, Ludwigshafen, Germany 1921
Bombay Explosion (1944)
Port Chicago disaster 1944
RAF Fauld explosion 1944
Texas City Disaster 1947
Nedelin catastrophe 1960
Soviet N1 rocket explosion 1969
Flixborough disaster 1974
PEPCON disaster, Henderson, Nevada 1988
Ryongchon disaster 2004
2005 Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire 2005
Albania explosion Gerdec 2008

Nuclear testing

Use in war

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Exploding volcanoes

References

^ http://www.theage.com.au/national/fire-power-equalled-1500-atomic-bombs-20090521-bh7r.html?page=-1

[1] ttp://www.theage.com.au/national/fire-power-equalled-1500-atomic-bombs-20090521-bh7r.html?page=-1

[1]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 [[Image:F1000016.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Black smoke from an explosion rising after a bomb detonation outside  [[Nahr al-Bared]]]]
 [[Image:IED Controlled Explosion.jpg|thumb|150px|Detonation of a [[MICLIC]] to destroy a 1km in depth blast resistant minefield in [[Iraq]].]]
-An '''explosion''' is a sudden increase in [[volume]] and release of [[energy]] in an exXxtreme manner, usually with the generation of high [[temperatures]] and the release of [[gas]]es. An explosion creates a [[shock wave]].
+An '''explosion''' is a rapid increase in [[volume]] and release of [[energy]] in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high [[temperatures]] and the release of [[gas]]es. An explosion creates a [[shock wave]].
 ==Types of explosives==