Kinder, Küche, Kirche: Difference between revisions
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*{{cite book |author=Weisstein, Naomi|title=Kinder, Küche, Kirche as Scientific Law: Psychology Constructs the Female|location=Boston | publisher=New England Free Press|year=1968}} |
*{{cite book |author=Weisstein, Naomi|title=Kinder, Küche, Kirche as Scientific Law: Psychology Constructs the Female|location=Boston | publisher=New England Free Press|year=1968}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 11:26, 19 September 2009
Kinder, Küche, Kirche (German: [ˈkɪndɐ ˈkʏçə ˈkɪʁçə]), or the 3 K’s, is a German slogan translated “children, kitchen, church”. In present-day Germany, it has a derogative connotation describing an antiquated female role model. The phrase is vaguely equivalent to the English Barefoot and pregnant.
Supposed origins
The expression was allegedly used by Kaiser Wilhelm II, describing women’s role in society in the 19th century. The words are sometimes written in varying orders (e.g. "Küche, Kirche, Kinder").
Third Reich
Although the phrase predated the Nazi era, it came to be associated also with the Nazi Third Reich. In a September 1934 speech to the National Socialist Women's Organization, Adolf Hitler argued that for the German woman her “world is her husband, her family, her children, and her home,” a policy which was reinforced by the stress on "Kinder" and "Küche" in propaganda, and the bestowing of the Cross of Honor of the German Mother on women bearing four or more babies.
When Hitler came to power in 1933, he introduced a Law for the Encouragement of Marriage, which entitled newly married couples to a loan of 1000 marks (around 9 months' average wages at that time). On their first child, they could keep 250 marks. On their second, they could keep another 250. They reclaimed all of the loan by their fourth child.
During this period, women in employment were discriminated against and forced out or bribed with numerous social benefits. Medicine, the law and civil service were occupations reserved for men alone.[1] Eventually, women were put back in the factories because of the growing losses in the armed forces and the desperate lack of equipment on the front lines.
After the Second World War
Nowadays, the 3K's are sometimes rephrased to also include Karriere (career), usually replacing church. [citation needed]
References
- Weisstein, Naomi: Naomi Weisstein Biography, 2000.
- Weisstein, Naomi (1968). Kinder, Küche, Kirche as Scientific Law: Psychology Constructs the Female. Boston: New England Free Press.