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The A4M's "American Board of Anti-Aging Medicine" (ABAAM) states that it offers anti-aging medicine as a specialty and gives educational credits to those who attend A4M conferences, but the ''New York Times'' states that the [[American Board of Medical Specialties]] does not recognize this body as having professional standing.<ref name="NYTPoison"/> ''MSNBC'' also comment on this issue, noting that "as far as the American Medical Association or the American Board of Medical Specialties is concerned, there is no such thing as an anti-aging specialty."<ref name="MSNBC"/> Robert Binstock stated in a 2004 review article in ''The Gerontologist'' that "Although the organization is not recognized by the American Medical Association, A4M has established three board-certification programs under its auspices—for physicians, chiropractors, dentists, naturopaths, podiatrists, pharmacists, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, nutritionists, dieticians, sports trainers and fitness consultants, and PhDs."<ref name=Binstock/>
The A4M's "American Board of Anti-Aging Medicine" (ABAAM) states that it offers anti-aging medicine as a specialty and gives educational credits to those who attend A4M conferences, but the ''New York Times'' states that the [[American Board of Medical Specialties]] does not recognize this body as having professional standing.<ref name="NYTPoison"/> ''MSNBC'' also comment on this issue, noting that "as far as the American Medical Association or the American Board of Medical Specialties is concerned, there is no such thing as an anti-aging specialty."<ref name="MSNBC"/> Robert Binstock stated in a 2004 review article in ''The Gerontologist'' that "Although the organization is not recognized by the American Medical Association, A4M has established three board-certification programs under its auspices—for physicians, chiropractors, dentists, naturopaths, podiatrists, pharmacists, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, nutritionists, dieticians, sports trainers and fitness consultants, and PhDs."<ref name=Binstock/>

==Growth hormone==

One of the most used sostances by American Academy of Anti/Aging Medicine is [[growth hormone]], which is essential for a good health even during adulthood, indeed:

A) GH increases [[bone]] mass, therefore is very efficient to cure [[osteoporosis]].

B) GH decreases [[fat]] mass, therefore can be used as [[obesity]] treatment.

C) GH decreases ldlcolesterol and increases [[hdlcolesterol]], therefore can be used against cardio/vascular diseases.

D) GH can also be useful against [[heart failure]].

E) GH decreases [[SHBG]] levels and therefore increases free [[testosterone]] levels, for this reason GH treatment can reduce [[hypogonadism]] and [[erectile disfunction]].


==Publications==
==Publications==

Revision as of 12:55, 8 December 2009

The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) is a United States registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes the field of anti-aging medicine and trains and certifies physicians in this specialty. As of 2008, approximately 20,000 practitioners had been given certificates.[1] However, the field of anti-aging medicine is not recognized by established medical organizations, such as the American Board of Medical Specialties and the American Medical Association. In addition to certifying practitioners, the Academy's activities include lobbying, education of the public, and public relations. The A4M was founded in 1993 by Robert Goldman and Ronald Klatz, osteopathic physicians,[2] and now has grown to 20,000 members from 100 countries. The organization sponsors several conferences, such as the Annual World Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine.[3]

Several of the anti-aging methods recommended by the Academy have wide support among experts in the field, such as exercise and a healthy diet, but others, such as hormone treatments, do not have support from a consensus of the wider medical community. Many scientists studying aging dissociate themselves from the claims of A4M,[4][5] and critics have accused the group of using misleading marketing to sell expensive and ineffective products.[6] In contrast, the Academy sees itself as acting within science, stating that it bases its ideas on mainstream scientific research, and arguing that its ideas challenge current medical practice.[7] The A4M's founders and merchants who promote products through the organization have been involved in several legal and professional disputes.

The activities of the A4M are controversial: in 2003 a commentary on the response of the scientific community to the promotion of anti-aging medicine noted that the activities of the A4M were seen as a threat to the credibility of serious scientific research on aging.[8] According to MSNBC, anti-aging advocates have responded to such criticism by describing it as censorship perpetrated by a conspiracy of the US government, notably the Food and Drug Administration, the AMA, and the mainstream media,[1] motivated by competing commercial interests.[8] Thomas Perls of the Boston University School of Medicine, a prominent critic of the organization, has stated that claims of censorship and suppression are a common theme in what he calls "anti-aging quackery".[9]

Beliefs

The Academy's website states that the goal of the A4M is the "advancement of technology to detect, prevent, and treat aging related disease and to promote research into methods to retard and optimize the human aging process."[3] The website also argues that the "disabilities associated with normal aging are caused by physiological dysfunction which in many cases are ameliorable to medical treatment" and claims that such treatments could extend the normal human lifespan.[3] More simply, according to the New York Times, their co-founder and president Ronald Klatz stated that "We're not about growing old gracefully. We're about never growing old.".[10] With Klatz being quoted in 2004 as stating that: [11]

We the leaders of the Anti-Aging movement will help to usher in a new modern age for humanity: The Ageless Society. There is a remedy for this apocalypse of aging, and this remedy comes just in time to save America. This remedy is the new science of Anti-Aging Medicine represented by the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine.

The A4M believe that an "anti-aging transformation" can be produced by a combination of interventions, which include hormones, antioxidants, lifestyle modifications and exercise.[12] A 2002 presentation produced by Klatz highlights many widely-recommended interventions to maintain health in old age, such as staying slim, avoiding smoking, regular exercise, maintaining an active social and sex life, continued mental stimulation, avoiding stress, a healthy diet, and moderate alcohol consumption.[13] The presentation also recommends consuming antioxidant supplements, and avoiding tap water, which it describes as "dangerous" due to it being contaminated with toxic chemicals.[13] The A4M argues that the application of this set of interventions can produce "practical immortality", which are human lifespans in excess of 150 years, and predict future lifespans ranging up to 200 years old before the year 3000.[12] Writing in 2006, Klatz predicted that such dramatic increases in lifespan will be produced by emerging technologies such as nanotechnology or stem cell therapy, which he states "shows ubiquitous promise for everything from stroke to spinal cord injury."[14] With the discovery of such future technologies, Klatz believes that "Humankind will evolve toward an Ageless Society, in which we all experience boundless physical and mental vitality."[15]

Writing in the 2001 issue of the journal Generations, historian Carole Haber of the University of Delaware, states that Klatz' aspirations and the rhetoric of the A4M "reflect well-worn ideas and the often-enunciated hopes of the past", drawing parallels with the ideas of the 19th century physiologists Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, Serge Voronoff and Eugen Steinach. Haber states that the current resurgence of these ideas may be due to their appeal to the aging Baby Boom Generation, in a culture that is focused on the ideal of youth.[16] Haber has also discussed the strong continuities within the philosophy of the anti-aging movement, writing that "For Steinach and Voronoff, as for the members of the A4M, old age was a "grotesque" disease that could be scientifically eradicated through the correct combination of hormones, diet, and surgery."[17]

Personnel and membership

The chairman of the A4M is Robert Goldman and the president is Ronald Klatz. The senior vice president is Joseph Maroon of the University of Pittsburgh and Nicholas DiNubile of the University of Pennsylvania is the vice president.[18] The Academy states that it has over 20,000 members from 100 countries, and that this membership is made up of physicians, scientists, researchers, health practitioners and members of the public.[19] In 2007, the organization reported just over seven million dollars in assets.[20] However, a 2006 review of anti-aging medicine notes that of the researchers who are interested in this topic, the "vast majority dissociate themselves from the A4M."[4] The Los Angeles Times states that "Many physicians, researchers and scientists, delving into the physiological aspects of human aging, view the Academy's activities with disdain, saying that the organization is an inappropriate blend of scientific and commercial interests."[5]

Activities

The main activity of the A4M is outreach, education, and advocacy for anti-aging medicine. It does this through publications, on-line activity and sponsoring conferences: such as the "World Anti-Aging Congress and Exposition" and the "Annual World Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine".[3][5] According to a 2008 A4M press release, "The World Congress is undisputed global gathering of international industry leaders" and quotes Klatz as stating, "our Annual Congress Sessions are regarded as the gold standard for physician education in advanced preventive medicine.".[21] Some of these conferences are in conjunction with an organization called the "World Anti-Aging Academy of Medicine", which is an umbrella group for several national anti-aging organizations that is also headed by Goldman.[22] The LA Times, reporting from the 2004 annual conference of the A4A at Las Vegas, stated that this conference presented a mix of "scientific and technical presentations" and exhibitors selling "wrinkle creams, hair-growing potions, sexual enhancement pills and hormone treatments".[5] In a 2008 press release about the Annual World Congress, the A4M stated that:[21]

The physicians of A4M, along with the advocacy of aging intervention and biomedical research, have brought millions of new consumers to the realization that Aging Is Not Inevitable. Thanks in large part to these combined efforts, anti-aging medicine and regenerative biomedical technology is a $96.89 billion global industry. The Annual World Congress on Anti-Aging bundles this rapid momentum into a global marketplace of ideas, suppliers and solutions, enabling professionals to: connect with their peers on the latest hot-button issues; source cutting edge products; learn about the latest advancements and technologies; and get ahead of their competition.

According to a review of the anti-aging movement published in 2005, the A4M is one of the most prominent organizations that are making "attempts at legitimizing anti-aging as a medical specialty".[7] The review notes that these efforts at legitimization are contentious and have been rebuffed by some academic scientists who work on aging, who instead attempt to portray the A4M as "charlatans whose main goal is making money".[7] The A4M disputes this accusation and their website states that "Although the A4M seeks to disseminate information on many types of medical treatments, it does not promote or endorse any specific treatment nor does it sell or endorse any commercial product.".[3] In a review of the history of anti-aging medicine published in 2004, Robert Binstock of Case Western Reserve University, acknowledged the Academy's position on commercial interests, but noted that it "actively solicits and displays numerous advertisements on its website for products and services (such as cosmetics and alternative medicines and therapies), anti-aging clinics, and anti-aging physicians and practitioners."[8] The Times reported in 2004 that Klatz professes outrage at suggestions that he is motivated by money, quoting him as insisting that "The only thing that I sell are books...my website is non-commercial — we’re just trying to advance science."[23] The Times went on to note a partnership between Klatz and Goldman and a business named Market America, which sells products that promise to “slow the ageing process”.[23][24] However, according to a 2005 article in the Chicago Tribune, the company later pulled out of this contract.[25]

The A4M's "American Board of Anti-Aging Medicine" (ABAAM) states that it offers anti-aging medicine as a specialty and gives educational credits to those who attend A4M conferences, but the New York Times states that the American Board of Medical Specialties does not recognize this body as having professional standing.[10] MSNBC also comment on this issue, noting that "as far as the American Medical Association or the American Board of Medical Specialties is concerned, there is no such thing as an anti-aging specialty."[1] Robert Binstock stated in a 2004 review article in The Gerontologist that "Although the organization is not recognized by the American Medical Association, A4M has established three board-certification programs under its auspices—for physicians, chiropractors, dentists, naturopaths, podiatrists, pharmacists, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, nutritionists, dieticians, sports trainers and fitness consultants, and PhDs."[8]

Growth hormone

One of the most used sostances by American Academy of Anti/Aging Medicine is growth hormone, which is essential for a good health even during adulthood, indeed:

A) GH increases bone mass, therefore is very efficient to cure osteoporosis.

B) GH decreases fat mass, therefore can be used as obesity treatment.

C) GH decreases ldlcolesterol and increases hdlcolesterol, therefore can be used against cardio/vascular diseases.

D) GH can also be useful against heart failure.

E) GH decreases SHBG levels and therefore increases free testosterone levels, for this reason GH treatment can reduce hypogonadism and erectile disfunction.

Publications

The A4M currently publish a periodical named Anti Aging Medical News, which they describe as the "the leading business-to-business trade publication of the anti-aging medical movement and the official magazine of the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine"[26] They state that this periodical has received six APEX awards, most recently in the category "Meeting & Event Material".[26] The Academy also publishes the proceedings of its anti-aging conferences in a periodical called Anti-Aging Therapeutics, this is edited by Klatz and Goldman.[27]

The International Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine (IJAAM) was another periodical published by the A4M.[28] According to Life Extension Magazine, the name was chosen by the Academy as an alternative to their original choice of the Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine when a different publication was started under that name in 1998.[29] Describing the intended scope of this publication, Klatz is quoted as stating, "We hope to cover the waterfront of the entire field of anti-aging medicine, with a clinical focus."[29] As of 2009, the A4M recommend this publication on their website as a good way of keeping up with recent developments in anti-aging medicine, stating that it "report(s) on the latest anti-aging findings".[30] According to Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, IJAAM was published by Total Health Holdings, LLC from 1998-2001, on behalf of the A4M.[31]

The contents of the International Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine have been strongly criticised. In a 2002 letter published in Science, Aubrey de Grey described them as consisting of a set of advertisements for a "pseudoscientific anti-aging industry".[32] According to Bruce Carnes of the University of Oklahoma:[6]

This alleged "journal" is particularly misleading because it gives the false impression that it is a genuine scientific journal and that what is published in it is peer-reviewed. It is little more than an advertising vehicle for every conceivable anti-aging product.

Leonard Hayflick of the University of California, San Francisco, a former editor of Experimental Gerontology, writes:[6]

The International Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine is not a recognized scientific journal. What I find reprehensible about this 'journal' is that advertisers who publish in it can then claim there is scientific evidence to support their outrageous assertions by pointing to the publication in an alleged scientific journal.

In 2009 the A4M stated that it is no longer associated with the journal and that it had sold its interests in this publication in 1999.[33] They also defended the scientific quality of its contents, writing that almost all of its articles were reviewed by an editorial board before publication.[33] Robert Binstock of Case Western Reserve University stated in 2004 that this periodical is a "nonrefereed publication".[34]

Divergent views on anti-aging products

According to a 2002 article in the Seattle Times, there are two opposing viewpoints of anti-aging products. The article states that the first view is represented by scientists who publish their findings in the scientific literature and who believe that no currently-available intervention can slow or prevent aging. The alternative viewpoint is represented by people who the article states have "fewer credentials" and who promote a range of products that claim to have anti-aging properties.[15] A similar observation was made by Business Week in 2006, when they stated that although anti-aging medicine is increasingly-popular, there is "precious little scientific data to back up their claims that the potions extend life."[35]

As an example of the first viewpoint, a 2004 review in Trends in Biotechnology written by Leigh Turner of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey stated that the products promoted by the A4M have "no credible scientific basis" and that "there are no proven, scientifically established ‘anti-aging’ medications".[36] A 2006 review published in the Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine of the antioxidants and hormones that are promoted as anti-aging products by the A4M and the Life Extension Institute concluded that these products have "minimal to no effect on improving longevity or functional abilities."[37] In an editorial accompanying this study, Thomas Perls stated that although many unjustified claims were made about anti-ageing products, no substance had yet been shown to halt or slow the aging process.[38] Similarly, the National Institute on Aging, who are part of the National Institutes of Health, published a general warning in 2009 against businesses that claim anti-aging benefits for their products, describing these as "health scams" and stating that "no treatments have been proven to slow or reverse the aging process".[39]

The alternative view is held by the A4M, who argue that anti-aging medicine is "evidence-based, clinically sound health care." and state that "only those diagnostic and treatment elements which prove their validity through independent evaluations are embraced by the A4M."[40] The Seattle Times quotes Klatz as describing those who doubt the validity of anti-aging medicine as "flat-earthers" who make unjustified criticisms that are not backed by scientific evidence, the article also states that Klatz "sees the science and medical establishments as out to get him."[15]

Regulatory and tort issues

Two articles in the Journal of the American Medical Association have stated that the use of growth hormone as an anti-aging product is illegal.[41][42] However, Klatz and Goldman dispute this, arguing that this use of growth hormone is legal.[43] The United States Department of Justice states that growth hormone is a potentially dangerous drug and its supply "for any use . . . other than the treatment of a disease or other recognized medical condition, where such use has been authorized by the Secretary of Human Services" is a felony under the 1990 Anabolic Steroids Control Act.[44] Similarly, the FDA has stated that no growth hormone products have been approved as anti-aging treatments and supply for this use is therefore illegal and an "offense punishable by not more than 5 years in prison".[45] In 2007 the New York Times discussed ongoing federal and state investigations into illegal trafficking of human growth hormone and anabolic steroids, noting that "many of the individuals and companies cited in the indictments have been involved with the academy and its conventions over the years".[43] However, the paper notes that the Academy is not accused of any wrongdoing as part of these investigations and quotes Klatz and Goldman as stating that "they barely knew the suspects or the nature of their businesses".[43] A May 2000 article in the Los Angeles Times suggested that, from an examination of the disciplinary records of doctors in California, members of the A4M in this state were approximately ten time more likely to be disciplined than the national average.[46] In the article, Klatz is quoted as commenting that:[46]

"When you are out on the frontier, you are going to attract some of the very best people, and some who are . . . not the very best. We have had situations where we've had to contact people and say, 'Would you mind affiliating yourself with another organization?' It is an ongoing process, and I think we are attracting better and better doctors."

Wikipedia

According to Courthouse News Service, the A4M co-founders Ronald Klatz and Robert Goldman are pursuing legal action against the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia in New York County Court, seeking damages for alleged defamation.[47] [48]

Dispute with Olshansky and Perls

In 2004 a heated controversy was sparked when the A4M received a "Silver Fleece Award", which was invented by S. Jay Olshansky, a biodemographer at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who described it as "a lighthearted attempt to make the public aware of...anti-aging quackery".[8] This "award" was presented by Olshansky, who stated that in his opinion, a "suite of anti-aging substances created by Ronald Klatz and Robert Goldman...and sold on the Internet by Market America, Inc." had made "outrageous or exaggerated claims about slowing or reversing human aging".[4][6] Writing in Biogerontology, anthropologist Courtney Mykytyn of the University of Southern California states that this award appears to have been an attempt by Olshansky to protect what he saw as "'real' science from the taint of swindle." Mykytyn states that this involved Olshansky "tagging the A4M as fraudulent and its principals as profiteers".[4] In response, the Academy filed defamation lawsuits, demanding $150 million in damages, with Klatz stating "We take great exception to Mr Olshansky and his tactics which have finally compelled us to file suit for various unprofessional and improper actions".[23] Klatz and Goldman described this action as "part of a larger campaign of disparagement by Olshansky and Perls aimed at discrediting A4M and its founders".[33] The Chicago Tribune quoted experts on libel law who stated that the action was an "almost unheard-of attempt to punish academics for comments made in their professional capacity".[25] CNN states that Olshansky countersued and that "both sides eventually agreed to drop their cases".[2] The Chicago Tribune states that the case "ended in a settlement, with neither side paying damages or the other's costs."[49]

In 2002, Olshansky, Hayflick, and Carnes published a position paper, endorsed by 51 scientists in the field of aging, stating that "no currently marketed intervention has yet been proved to slow, stop or reverse human aging...The entrepreneurs, physicians and other health care practitioners who make these claims are taking advantage of consumers who cannot easily distinguish between the hype and reality of interventions designed to influence the aging process and age-related diseases,".[50] The A4M responded by publishing a critique of what it argued were biased statements in this paper.[51]

In 2009, Imre Zs-Nagy of the University of Debrecen, Hungary, defended A4M from what he called the "gerontological establishment" in an editorial published in Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, a journal Zs-Nagy founded and of which he is editor-in-chief. Zs-Nagy defended therapies promoted by A4M, which he states are related to his own "membrane hypothesis of aging", as theoretically feasible. He described the conflict between the scientific community and the Academy as one pitting government funds, "personal gain" and "intellectual dishonesty" against the "independent, open-minded approach" of A4M, calling the conflict one of the "biggest scandals of the recent history of medicine".[52]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Alexander, Brian (21 April 2008). "Mainstream docs join anti-aging bandwagon. But with M.D. endorsements, is the field more credible — or risky?". MSNBC. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009.
  2. ^ a b Caleb Hellerman (May 9, 2007). "'Age management' is a controversial new medical focus". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d e "About A4M - WorldHealth.net". American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d Mykytyn, Courtney (2006). "Contentious terminology and complicated cartography of anti-aging medicine". Biogerontology. 7 (4): 279–285. doi:10.1007/s10522-006-9016-z. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
  5. ^ a b c d Valerie Reitman A rift in business, science of aging Los Angeles Times January 12, 2004, archived url Accessed 10 September 2009
  6. ^ a b c d "'Silver Fleece' Awards Warn Consumers of Anti-Aging Misinformation". University of Illinois at Chicago: Newswise. February 26, 2004. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
  7. ^ a b c Mykytyn, Courtney Everts (2006-02). "Anti-aging medicine: A patient/practitioner movement to redefine aging". Social Science & Medicine. 62 (3): 643–653. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.021. ISSN 0277-9536. Retrieved 2009-09-03. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e Binstock, Robert H. (2003-02-01). "The War on "Anti-Aging Medicine"". Gerontologist. 43 (1): 4–14. PMID 12604740. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  9. ^ Perls, Thomas T. (2004-07-01). "Anti-Aging Medicine: The Legal Issues: Anti-Aging Quackery: Human Growth Hormone and Tricks of the Trade--More Dangerous Than Ever". J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 59 (7): B682–691. PMID 15304532. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  10. ^ a b Kuczynski, Alex (12 April 1998). "Anti-Aging Potion or Poison?". New York Times.
  11. ^ Haber, Carole (2004). "Anti-Aging Medicine: The History: Life Extension and History: The Continual Search for the Fountain of Youth". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 59 (6): B515-522. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  12. ^ a b Robert Goldman and Ronald Klatz, Anti-Aging Medicine: An Introduction to the World’s Fastest-Growing Medical Specialty American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Accessed 28 September 2009
  13. ^ a b Ron Klatz Anti-Aging Medicine American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Accessed 28 September 2009
  14. ^ Forever Young: The Scientific Fountain of Youth American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, 2006-02-22, Accessed 28 September 2009
  15. ^ a b c Joel Garreau Holding back the years: Scientists say extended youth may be near Seattle Times 2002, Accessed 28 September 2009
  16. ^ Haber, Carole (2001). "Anti-Aging: Why Now?". Generations. 25 (4): 9. ISSN 0738-7806. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
  17. ^ Haber, Carole (2004). "Anti-Aging Medicine: The History: Life Extension and History: The Continual Search for the Fountain of Youth". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 59 (6): B515-522. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
  18. ^ American Academy of Anti-Aging Advisory Board American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Accessed 20 September 2009
  19. ^ Membership of A4M
  20. ^ 2007 Form 990 www.guidestar.org archived url, accessed 16 September 2009
  21. ^ a b AntiAging Congress Alert: Hormone Myths vs. Medical Literature and How to Grow Your Own Stem Cells A4M 16th Annual World Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine & Regenerative Biomedical Technologies, archived url Accessed 13 September 2009
  22. ^ Robert, Leslie (2004). "Anti-Aging Medicine: The History: The Three Avenues of Gerontology: From Basic Research to Clinical Gerontology and Anti-Aging Medicine. Another French Paradox". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 59 (6): B540-542. PMID 15215259. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
  23. ^ a b c Want to live for ever? The Times September 4, 2004 archive url, page 1 archive url, page 2, Accessed 15 September 2009
  24. ^ Market America Refuses to Grow Old Gracefully; Company Launches Anti-Aging Store at Recent Conference. PR Newswire March 18, 2003 cached copy, Accessed 15 September 2009
  25. ^ a b Jeremy Manier Professor sued over opinion of anti-aging group Chicago Tribune June 22, 2005, archived url, Accessed 10 September 2009
  26. ^ a b Anti Aging Medical News Archive American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Accessed 14 September 2009
  27. ^ Anti-aging therapeutics National Library of Medicine, Accessed 20 September 2009
  28. ^ The Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine, Accessed 10 September 2009
  29. ^ a b Journal Wars? Stay Tuned Life extension Magazine April 1998, archive url Accessed 13 September 2009
  30. ^ Choosing an Anti-Aging Physician A4M, archived url, Accessed 13 September 2009
  31. ^ Record for International journal of anti-aging medicine, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
  32. ^ Grey, Aubrey D. N. J. de (2002-04-26). "Antiaging Technology and Pseudoscience". Science. New Series. 296 (5568): 656. doi:10.1126/science.296.5568.656a. ISSN 0036-8075. Retrieved 2009-09-03. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ a b c Deposition www.courthousenews.com, archived url 20 August 2009
  34. ^ Binstock, Robert H. (2004). "Anti-Aging Medicine: The History: Anti-Aging Medicine and Research: A Realm of Conflict and Profound Societal Implications" (PDF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 59 (6): B523-533. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
  35. ^ Selling The Promise Of Youth March 20, 2006, Accessed 28 September 2009
  36. ^ Turner, Leigh (2004-05-01). "Biotechnology, bioethics and anti-aging interventions". Trends in Biotechnology. 22 (5): 219–221. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.03.008. ISSN 0167-7799. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  37. ^ Kamel, Nabil S (2006). "Antioxidants and hormones as antiaging therapies: high hopes, disappointing results". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 73 (12): 1049–1056, 1058. doi:10.3949/ccjm.73.12.1049. ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 17190308. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Perls, Thomas T (2006-12). "Hope drives antiaging hype". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 73 (12): 1039–1040, 1044. ISSN 0891-1150. Retrieved 2009-09-06. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ "Age Page: Beware of Health Scams". National Institute on Aging, U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  40. ^ Introduction to Anti-Aging Medicine American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Accessed 28 September 2009
  41. ^ Perls, Thomas T. (2005-10-26). "Provision or Distribution of Growth Hormone for "Antiaging": Clinical and Legal Issues" (PDF). JAMA. 294 (16): 2086–2090. doi:10.1001/jama.294.16.2086. Retrieved 2009-09-06. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ Olshansky, S. Jay (2008). "New Developments in the Illegal Provision of Growth Hormone for "Anti-Aging" and Bodybuilding". JAMA. 299 (23): 2792–2794. doi:10.1001/jama.299.23.2792. Retrieved 2009-09-06. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ a b c Wilson, Duff (15 April 2007). "Aging: Disease or Business Opportunity?". New York Times.
  44. ^ Human Growth Hormone/Steroids Statutory Overview United States Attorneys' Manual 1997, Accessed 06 September 2009
  45. ^ Warning Letter Department of Health and Human Services 2002, archived url, Accessed 06 September 2009
  46. ^ a b Benedict Cary Troubling Record for Anti-Aging Doctors Los Angeles Times May 08, 2000, Accessed 22 September 2009
  47. ^ Hull, Sarah (1 September 2009). "Doctors Group Says Wikipedia Defamed It". Courthouse News Service.
  48. ^ American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine v. Wikimedia, Citizen Media Law Project.
  49. ^ Judith Graham Legal dispute over anti-aging medicine ends. Chicago Tribune November 17, 2006, Accessed 14 September 2009
  50. ^ Olshansky SJ, Hayflick L, Carnes BA (August 1, 2002). "Position statement on human aging". The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 57 (8): B292–7. PMID 12145354.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ Official Position Statement on The Truth About Human Aging American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine Issued June 2002, Accessed 14 September 2009
  52. ^ Zs.-Nagy, Imre (2009). "Is consensus in anti-aging medical intervention an elusive expectation or a realistic goal?". Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 48 (3): 271–275. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2009.02.002. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
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