Palace of the Republic, Berlin

Palace of the Republic
The Palace in the 1980s
General information
Status	Deconstructed
Location	Berlin, Germany
Coordinates	52°31′03″N 13°24′10″E
Opening	April 23, 1976
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Heinz Graffunder and Karl-Ernst Swora

The Palace of the Republic (German: Palast der Republik) was a building in Berlin, on the bank of the River Spree between Schloßplatz and the Lustgarten (both referred to jointly as Marx-Engels-Platz from 1951 to 1994). It served primarily as the seat of the East German parliament, the Volkskammer, but it also housed two large auditoria, art galleries, a theatre, restaurants and a bowling alley. The building was constructed in 1973 at the site of the former Hohenzollern palace (Stadtschloß), and has now been completely deconstructed to make room for a planned Stadtschloß reconstruction.

History

Construction

The Palast was constructed from 1973 to 1976 in the prevailing architectural style for East German buildings, using bronze mirrored windows. The grand opening ceremony was held on April 23, 1976, and the building was opened to the public two days afterwards on April 25, 1976. It was built on the site of the former Berlin Stadtschloss (Berlin City Palace), which was damaged during World War II, but eventually demolished by the government authorities in 1950, as they regarded it a symbol of Prussian imperialism. Because of its ornate interior, the Palast had many nicknames among East German citizens, such as "Palazzo Prozzo" (a wordplay, as 'protzen' means 'to show off') or "Erichs Lampenladen" (Erich Honecker's lamp shop).

Asbestos contamination

Just prior to German reunification in October, 1990, the structure was found to be contaminated with asbestos, and was closed to the public on September 19, 1990, by decree of the Volkskammer. By 2003, all the asbestos had been removed along with internal and external fittings allowing safe deconstruction.

Demolition

The Palast's disassembly (September, 2007)

Despite various protests by people who felt the building was an integral part of Berlin's culture, in November 2003, the German parliament decided to demolish the building and leave the area as parkland until funding for the reconstruction of the Berlin City Palace could be found. Demolition started on February 6, 2006, and was scheduled to last about fifteen months at a cost of twelve million euros. The demolition lasted longer than scheduled because of hazards to neighbouring buildings. Dismantling of the structure was seriously delayed after more asbestos was discovered in various locations, and the estimated completion date was pushed back to the end of 2008.

About 35,000 tonnes of steel that once held this building together are now being shipped to the United Arab Emirates to be used for the construction of the Burj Khalifa.

Future development

In 2007, the Bundestag definitively voted for the Prussian era Stadtschloss to be rebuilt. Three façades of the palace will be exact replicas of the original, but the interior will be a modern one. The new palace will be called the Humboldtforum, and will house the Humboldt collection and gallery of non-European art.

In November 2008 the Italian architect Francesco Stella was chosen for the project.

Noteworthy events held at the Palast

German electronic music group Tangerine Dream performed a spectacular concert recorded live at the Palast der Republik on January 31, 1980 which also was Johannes Schmoelling's first live performance with the band. The concert was unique in that Tangerine Dream was the first Western group who was allowed by the Communist government to play in East Berlin at the time and was dubbed "the performance behind the Iron Curtain". An album of this recorded concert was released titled "Quichotte" on East German record label Amiga, and later released to the rest of the world on Virgin Records six years later and re-named "Pergamon".

In the night from August 22nd to 23rd 1990, the Volkskammer decided in the Palace of the Republic the declaration on the accession of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with effect on the 3 October 1990, when the five re-established states of the GDR joined the FRG.

Some of further noteworthy events hosted at the Palast der Republik included the party congresses of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) and the state gala on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the German Democratic Republic in October, 1989, at which Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was present. In October 1983, the West German rock star, Udo Lindenberg, was permitted to perform in concert at the Palast der Republik. At the concert, Lindenberg sang one of his best-known songs, Sonderzug nach Pankow ("Special Train To Pankow"), which satirized East German leader Erich Honecker, and which he had been asked not to play. The parties of the SV Dynamo regularly took place here.

The shell of the building was opened for visitors in mid-2003, and a pressure group campaigned for temporary use of the building for cultural events until its eventual demolition. Beginning in early 2004, the building was used for events such as housing an exhibition of the Terracotta Army and a special concert by the famous Berlin-based band Einstürzende Neubauten.

• 
  Palast der Republik in 1977 with the Fernsehturm in the background.
• The interior of the Palace, showing the 1000 lights
  The interior of the Palace, showing the 1000 lights
• 
  Inside the Palast der Republik in 2003, after asbestos and interior furnishings were removed
• 
  Reflecting the Berliner Dom (1990)

See also

• State Kremlin Palace

External links

• Stop motion video of the demolition of the Palast der Republik.
• Brokedown Palast — documentary film about the destruction of the Palast (in English)
• Palast der Republik, at Schlossplatz, Historic Centre of Berlin (in German, with pictures)
• Zwischenpalastnutzung (Temporary Palace Use) (in German)
• Documentary at Frontline/World (in English)
• A site about the Palace (in English)
• About the Palace in Berlin (German with a lot of pictures)
• Volkspalast, Special Prize of the Jury of the European Prize for Urban Public Space 2006
• fensterzumhof.eu: Deconstruction of the Volkspalast (Photo Series)