Eisenhower dollar: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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Eisenhower Dollars were struck to commemorate Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died in 1969, and the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing of the same year. It was minted for only |
Eisenhower Dollars were struck to commemorate Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died in 1969, and the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing of the same year. It was minted for only an eight-year period (inclusive). The coins were often saved as mementos of Eisenhower and never saw much circulation outside of [[casino]]s. Special [[United States Bicentennial|Bicentennial]] issues were minted in 1975 and 1976. |
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The reverse design was recycled (in shrunken form) for the [[Susan B. Anthony dollar]] in 1979 and remained on the dollar coin until 1999, when that dollar was replaced by the [[Sacagawea dollar]] in 2000, which did not continue the design. |
The reverse design was recycled (in shrunken form) for the [[Susan B. Anthony dollar]] in 1979 and remained on the dollar coin until 1999, when that dollar was replaced by the [[Sacagawea dollar]] in 2000, which did not continue the design. |
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Revision as of 02:42, 20 April 2010
United States | |
| Value | 1.00 U.S. dollars |
|---|---|
| Mass | 22.68 g |
| Diameter | 38.1 mm |
| Thickness | 2.58 mm |
| Edge | reeded |
| Composition | Outer Layers: 75.0% Cu, 25.0% Ni Core: 100% Cu |
| Years of minting | 1971–1978 |
| Catalog number | - |
| Obverse | |
 | |
| Design | General/President Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Designer | Frank Gasparro |
| Design date | 1971 |
| Reverse | |
 | |
| Design | The Apollo 11 Mission Insignia |
| Designer | Frank Gasparro |
| Design date | 1971 |
The Eisenhower Dollar is a $1 coin issued by the United States government from 1971–1978 (not to be confused with the Eisenhower commemorative dollar of 1990, or the Presidential $1 Coin Program, which will feature Eisenhower in 2015). The Eisenhower Dollar followed the Peace Dollar and is named for General of the Army and President Dwight David Eisenhower, who appears on the obverse. Both the obverse and the reverse of the coin were designed by Frank Gasparro.
The Eisenhower dollar was the last dollar coin to contain a proportional amount of base metal to lower denominations; it has the same amount of copper-nickel as two Kennedy half dollars, four Washington Quarters, or ten Roosevelt dimes. Because of this, it, like its predecessors, had a cumbersome and excessively large size, leading to their short time in circulation and replacement by the smaller, but even less popular, Susan B. Anthony dollar in 1979.
Specifications
- Obverse design: General/President Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Reverse design: The Apollo 11 Mission Insignia
- Bicentennial reverse designer: Denis Williams
- Bicentennial reverse design: The Liberty Bell and the Moon
- Edge: reeded
- Diameter: 38.1 mm
Composition
The Eisenhower Dollar was struck with a copper-nickel composition for circulation and was the first United States dollar coin to not be struck in a precious metal, although special collectors' issues were struck at the San Francisco Mint in a silver-copper composition.
Copper-nickel issues:
- Weight: 22.68 grams
- Composition: Outer Layers of 75% copper, 25% nickel with a center layer of 100% copper
Silver-copper issues (silver clad):
- Weight: 24.59 grams
- Composition: Outer layers of 80% silver with a center of 20.9% silver. Aggregate 60% copper, 40% silver
- Silver content: 0.3164 troy ounce (9.841 grams)
History
Eisenhower Dollars were struck to commemorate Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died in 1969, and the Apollo 11 moon landing of the same year. It was minted for only an eight-year period (inclusive). The coins were often saved as mementos of Eisenhower and never saw much circulation outside of casinos. Special Bicentennial issues were minted in 1975 and 1976.
The reverse design was recycled (in shrunken form) for the Susan B. Anthony dollar in 1979 and remained on the dollar coin until 1999, when that dollar was replaced by the Sacagawea dollar in 2000, which did not continue the design.
Mints
Mintmarks appear above the third and fourth numbers in the date under Eisenhower's neck. Mintmarks include:
- None (Philadelphia Mint in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
- D (Denver Mint in Denver, Colorado)
- S (San Francisco Mint in San Francisco, California)
- In 1971 coins the letters FG appear on Eisenhower's neck and on the reverse at the lower right of the eagles tail feathers. FG are the coin designer's initials.
Mintage figures
- 1971 P - 47,799,000
- 1971 D - 68,587,424
- 1972 P - 75,890,000
- 1972 D - 92,548,511
- 1973 P - 1,769,258
- 1973 D - 1,769,258
- 1974 P - 27,366,000
- 1974 D - 45,517,000
(no dollars dated 1975)
- 1976 P - 117,337,000 (bicentennial)
- 1976 D - 103,228,274 (bicentennial)
- 1977 P - 12,596,000
- 1977 D - 32,983,006
- 1978 P - 25,702,000
- 1978 D - 33,012,890
Bicentennial Dollar
Special reverses were added to all quarter dollar, half dollar, and dollar coins minted in 1975 and 1976 to celebrate the bicentennial of America's independence. In addition, the date was shown as 1776-1976 for the quarters, half dollars, and dollars minted in 1975 and 1976. There are no 1975 dated quarters, halves, or dollars. Although the difference between the 1975 and 1976 bicentennial coinage for the quarter and half dollar is indistinguishable, in the eisenhower dollar, collectors are able to tell which year the coin was minted by the reverse typeface. In the 1975 dollar, the phrases, "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and "ONE DOLLAR", were bold, while in 1976, they were not. The reverse of the Eisenhower Dollar was designed by Dennis Williams and shows the Liberty Bell in front of the moon.
Silver Issues
Some Eisenhower Dollars were minted in a 40% silver clad to be sold to collectors. All of these coins were minted at the San Francisco Mint, with dates 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, and 1976. There are also approximately 15-20 silver clad coins in the 1977 variety. These coins were either uncirculated or proof. Uncirculated coins came in cellophane with a blue plastic token in a blue envelope. Proof issues came in a proof set-like plastic case, contained in a brown "wood grain finish" slipcase box with a gold seal on the back. The uncirculated coins are referred to as 'Blue Ikes' and the proofs as 'Brown Ikes'. Coins minted in 1975 and 1976 for the Bicentennial come with the quarter and the half dollar of that brief series. The uncirculated coins were sold by the Mint for $3; the proof versions for $10. Two varieties of the Bicentennial dollar were produced in 1975 and can be distinguished by the thickness of the lettering on the reverse. The Type I has thicker lettering, shown in the picture above, while the Type II has more delicate lettering. The Type II version is more common.
Missing Ikes?
Eisenhower Dollars did not appear in the 1971 and 1972 mint and proof sets. The only Ikes available to collectors from the Mint with these dates were the silver clad uncirculated and proof issues. Copper-nickel clad issues had to be obtained directly from circulation.
On the other hand, 1973 copper-nickel clad Ikes were limited to the uncirculated and proof sets of that year; none were released for general circulation.
All following dates of this series in copper-nickel were available both in uncirculated and proof sets from the Mint.
References
- Yeoman, R.S. A Guide Book of United States Coins Atlanta: Whitman Publishing, 2004
- Edler, Joel and Harper, Dave U.S. Coin Digest Iola: Krause Publications, 2004