Jianwen Emperor: Difference between revisions
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His father, [[Crown Prince]] [[Zhu Biao]] (朱標), was the son and designated heir of the [[Hongwu Emperor]]. When Zhu Biao died in 1392 before ascending to the throne, the Hongwu emperor made Zhu Biao's son '''Zhu Yunwen''' his successor, rather than Zhu Biao's younger brother [[Yongle Emperor|Zhu Di]]. |
His father, [[Crown Prince]] [[Zhu Biao]] (朱標), was the son and designated heir of the [[Hongwu Emperor]]. When Zhu Biao died in 1392 before ascending to the throne, the Hongwu emperor made Zhu Biao's son '''Zhu Yunwen''' his successor, rather than Zhu Biao's younger brother [[Yongle Emperor|Zhu Di]]. |
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The Jianwen reign was short (1398–1402). After he assumed the throne, Jianwen Emperor began to suppress feudal lords, which included his uncle Zhu Di. Feeling threatened, in 1399 Zhu Di raised an army and began to march toward Nanjing from his northern base in Beijing under the banner of the [[Jingnan |
The Jianwen reign was short (1398–1402). After he assumed the throne, Jianwen Emperor began to suppress feudal lords, which included his uncle Zhu Di. Feeling threatened, in 1399 Zhu Di raised an army and began to march toward Nanjing from his northern base in Beijing under the banner of the [[Jingnan Campaign]]. In 1402, Zhu Di's army finally reached Nanjing and, after a brief fight, Zhu Di usurped Jianwen Emperor's throne and was crowned as Yongle Emperor. |
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To avoid capture, Jianwen and his concubines were said to have died in a fire at the palace during the [[coup]]. Jianwen was advised by a group of scholars, later known as the [[Four Martyrs]] that were killed by Yongle. |
To avoid capture, Jianwen and his concubines were said to have died in a fire at the palace during the [[coup]]. Jianwen was advised by a group of scholars, later known as the [[Four Martyrs]] that were killed by Yongle. |
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Revision as of 04:05, 16 May 2010
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| Jianwen Emperor | |||||||||||||||||
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| File:Jianwen.jpg | |||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of China | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 30 June 1398 – 13 July 1402 (4 years, 13 days) | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Hongwu Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Yongle Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Empress Ma (Jianwen) | ||||||||||||||||
| Issue | Zhu Wenkui Zhu Wengui | ||||||||||||||||
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| House | Ming Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Zhu Biao | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Dowager Lü | ||||||||||||||||
The Jianwen Emperor (5 December 1377–13 July 1402), with the personal name Zhu Yunwen, reigned as the second Emperor of the Ming dynasty. His reign Jianwen name meant "Establishment of the civil virtue".
His father, Crown Prince Zhu Biao (朱標), was the son and designated heir of the Hongwu Emperor. When Zhu Biao died in 1392 before ascending to the throne, the Hongwu emperor made Zhu Biao's son Zhu Yunwen his successor, rather than Zhu Biao's younger brother Zhu Di.
The Jianwen reign was short (1398–1402). After he assumed the throne, Jianwen Emperor began to suppress feudal lords, which included his uncle Zhu Di. Feeling threatened, in 1399 Zhu Di raised an army and began to march toward Nanjing from his northern base in Beijing under the banner of the Jingnan Campaign. In 1402, Zhu Di's army finally reached Nanjing and, after a brief fight, Zhu Di usurped Jianwen Emperor's throne and was crowned as Yongle Emperor.
To avoid capture, Jianwen and his concubines were said to have died in a fire at the palace during the coup. Jianwen was advised by a group of scholars, later known as the Four Martyrs that were killed by Yongle.
Some rumors state that Jianwen escaped and became a monk who actively organized anti-Zhu Di rebellions. There was a story also to be said that Jianwen disappeared mysteriously. A year after Yongle became the emperor of China, Yongle sent two agents to find the whereabout of Jianwen. Rumor has it that one of the agents discovered Jianwen and even had a chat with him. Since records of Yongle's search of Jianwen were mostly destroyed, the truthfulness of this chat has yet to be proven. The record of Jianwen's rule was systematically erased by Yongle and no temple name was given to Jianwen.
There is no known grave of the Jianwen Emperor.[6]
Notes
- ^ On 30 July 1402 the Jianwen era was officially abolished by the new emperor, and the former Hongwu era was reestablished until the beginning of 1403 when the Yongle era officially started.
- ^ This posthumous name was given by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty in 1736. Previously, in 1644 the prince of Fu had given him the posthumous name Emperor Rang (讓皇帝).
- ^ Given in 1736. The full posthumous name given by the prince of Fu in 1644 was: Emperor Sitian Zhangdao Chengyi Yuangong Guanwen Yangwu Keren Duxiao Rang (嗣天章道誠懿淵功觀文揚武克仁篤孝讓皇帝).
- ^ Denied a temple name by the new emperor Yongle, but in 1644 the prince of Fu (福王), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the Southern Ming, conferred on Emperor Jianwen the temple name Huizong (惠宗). However, this temple name is not recorded in most history books, unlike the temple name of Emperor Jingtai, also conferred by the prince of Fu, but generally accepted in history books.
- ^ Supposed to have died in the burning of the Imperial Palace. However, it is widely believed that he survived and lived underground for many more years as a Buddhist monk.
- ^ The Ming Ancestor Tomb