Barawa: Difference between revisions
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'''Barawa''' or '''Brava''' ({{lang-so|''Baraawe''}}, {{lang-ar|مدينة ﺑﺮﺍﻭة}}) is a [[port]] town on the south-eastern coast of [[Somalia]]. The traditional inhabitants are the [[Tunni language|Tunni Somalis]]<ref>Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa By B. G. Martin pg 160</ref> and the [[Bravanese people]], who speak [[Bravanese language|Bravanese]], a [[Swahili language|Swahili]] dialect.<ref>[http://www.multicsd.org/doku.php?id=east_africa_languages east_africa_languages [Multicultural Topics in CSD]<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
'''Barawa''' or '''Brava''' ({{lang-so|''Baraawe''}}, {{lang-ar|مدينة ﺑﺮﺍﻭة}}) is a [[port]] town on the south-eastern coast of [[Somalia]]. The traditional inhabitants are the [[Tunni language|Tunni Somalis]]<ref>Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa By B. G. Martin pg 160</ref> and the [[Bravanese people]], who speak [[Bravanese language|Bravanese]], a [[Swahili language|Swahili]] dialect.<ref>[http://www.multicsd.org/doku.php?id=east_africa_languages east_africa_languages [Multicultural Topics in CSD]<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==History |
==A Brief History of Brava |
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In the 16th century, Barawa, which was then part of the [[Ajuuraan State|Ajuuraan Empire]], was sacked by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] during the ''Battle of Barawa'' but quickly recovered from the attack.<ref>The book of Duarte Barbosa - Page 30</ref> In 1840, soldiers of the [[Bardera|Bardheere Jama'a]] took the city under siege while attempting to discover a more direct sea route, and inflicted much damage. The town's inhabitants pleaded with [[Sultan]] [[Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim]] of the [[Gobroon Dynasty]] for protection, with the Sultan's troops then invading Bardera and burned the city to the ground. Eventually, in 1889, Barawa was ceded to the control of the [[Italy|Italians]] when the Sultan of [[Zanzibar]] was forced to agree to the annexation of all the Banadir ports to the Italian Company already established in the [[Horn of Africa]]. The city, however, like the rest of the Benadir coast, was not under Zanzibari control but under Gobroon and [[Biyomaal|Bimal]] rule, therefore making the Italian-Zanzibar agreement null and void. The Italians faced stiff resistance from many parts of the Benadir coast, and its inland regions and the [[slavery|slave trade]] of the [[Somali people|Somali]] merchants would remain unchallenged for years to come.<ref>The End of slavery in Africa By Suzanne Miers, Richard L. Roberts</ref> |
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== |
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[[Sheikh Uways al-Barawi]] organized an [[Ikhwaan]] and led the [[Banadir revolt]], which was duly crushed in 1908. The Sheikh subsequently migrated to [[Biyoley]] to reorganize his Ikhwan, but was killed in 1909. One result of the unsuccessful revolt was the establishment of the [[Uwaysiyya order]], named after the martyr Sheikh Uways, which succeeded in establishing [[religious communities|jama’as]] in the riverine region of southern Somalia and neighboring regions, which acted as centres of charity and learning. In addition to the famous Sheikh Uways, Baraawe has produced numerous well respected [[Ulama]] including [[Sheikh Nureini Sabiri]], [[Sheikh Qassim al-Baraawi]], [[Sheikh Ma'llim Nuri]] and a female poet-saint, [[Dada Masiti]].{{Fact|date=November 2007}} The city was the stronghold of the [[Hizbiya Digil-Mirifle]] (HDM) party, which was founded in 1947 and later became the Hizb al-Dastuur Mustaqil al-Somali (Somali Independent Constitutional Party, HDMS)<ref>[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/indianocean/modules/group5/moham01.html Port Cities of the Horn]</ref> |
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Brava is an ancient city on the southern coast of Somalia. The town progressively prospered and became one of the Major Islamic centers in Horn of Africa. Many people considered the city to be the trade center of the whole region at the time, with farming and fishing being the leading resources of the area. |
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Chinese sailors and historians recorded a brief history about the coastal cities of Somalia such as Adale, Brava, Kismayo, Merca, and Mogadishu. The historians undeniably confirmed that in or around the beginning of 1400 A.D., a fleet of vessels used to visit and dock at the southern coasts of Somalia, particularly the harbor city of Brava |
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As of 2009, the Barawa area had come under the control of [[Al-Shabaab (Somalia)|al-Shabab]].<ref name="voa2009-09-15">{{cite news |title=Al-Shabab Vows to Avenge US Raid in Somalia |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-09-15-voa15.cfm |newspaper=VOANews.com |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=15 September 2009 |accessdate=15 September 2009}}</ref> In September 2009, a United States military raid killed [[Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan]], a suspected al-Qaida operative.<ref name="voa2009-09-15" /> |
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According to the Chinese travelers, a structured barrier surrounded the city on all sides. The architects used stone and bricks to construct the houses of this town. The primary economic resource of the region was from farming and fishing. The Chinese traders use to bring many goods such as Silk clothes, kitchen utensils, rice, and various textiles. In exchange, the sailors extracted profitable materials that consisted of Tiger skins, Lion skins, elephant tusks, fracases, myrrh, and other wild life coats. |
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Although there were many uncertainties from number of historians about the establishment of Brava city, the oral history transmitted from one generation to another recounts that Aw-Ali and his family to be the first group from the interior to settle in the area. Aw-Ali inhabited in a wooded area between Aro Gaduud and Deeho (The red sand and the white sand). |
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In early 900 A.D., before Aw-Ali settled in Brava, he observed large area between Goobwayn and Brava. Aw-Ali was looking for a place that best suited his family needs. One fact Aw-Ali could not resist was the freshness of the ocean breeze and immediately asked the collaboration of his people. With the help of his fellow clansmen, Aw-Ali cleared a wooded area in which he built several homes. Oral history relates before Aw-Ali moved into the city of Brava, most of the Tuni population and their livestock resided in an area that surrounded Brava and the surrounding vicinity. In fact, the Tuni presence in the territory played a big role in Aw-Ali's decision to choose Brava as his place of residence. Most historians believed that Aw-Ali himself to be from a Tuni clan. After Aw-Ali set the groundwork to his new residence more Tunismoved in to the area, most of them migrated from inland and ocean shores. Oral history recognizes that this group to be the first inhabitants to live in the city of Brava. |
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Gala Warday who was under King Brawt is the second group to move into the town of Brava. Many historians believe the name Brava comes from the Gala Warday's king Brawt. The Tuni clan and Gala Warday lived together and made a peace treaty that lasted 300 years. |
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Based on the oral tradition Tunis were the first to reside in Brava. However, the Tuni people themselves traveled from Adar through Qaraw near Ganaane River; this is the area, which is now known as Juba River. Around 891 A.D., before relocating to Brava Tunis resided in a place called Koyaama near Kismayo on southern region of Somalia. Soon after that, the tribe started their migration towards Brava. Although; some historians believe the Tuni people were living in Brava long before the year 800 A.D. |
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Half way into their trip toward Brava the Tunis halted in an area called Jamboo and broke into two groups. The first group consisted of the Goygaal and Dakhtira Sub clans opted to maintain their journey through the ocean shores. Second group consisted of Daafarad, Werile, and Hajuwa sub clan choosing a passage through the inlands. |
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After 300 years of living together in peace, the Tuni and the Gala Warday also clashed. The battle between these two tribes carried on for a long time. The fight finally ended with another alliance that was signed in Jumbo the place we now know as Goobwayn, between the Tuni and the Gala Warday. After the treaty was signed, the Tunissettled on the west bank of the river, and the Gala Warday settle on the opposite side of the river, which was the east bank. These two zones were known as KHAD TUNI AND KHAD GALA (Tuni limit and Gala limit). The land was also divided into three sections. One portion for the Tunis, another section for the Gala Warday and third portion was designated no man's land and was left for the livestock. No groups were allowed to go beyond their boundary; both clans lived that way until the Colonial Era. |
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According to Italian historian named Gerullo who wrote several books about the History of Banadir Region, acknowledged in his book the Tunis to be the largest population in Brava and the areas that surrounded Brava for ages. |
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In early 1281 A.D., the Biidda clan who were ethnically Middle Eastern relocated to Brava. This group arrived with boats from Arabian Peninsula, both the Tuni and the Gala accepted the new arrival. To communicate these groups developed a joint language called CHIMBALAZI. The vocabulary consisted of Tuni dialect, Maay dialect, and Mahaa dialect. This language is along the lines of the Swahili language spoken on the northern parts of Kenya. |
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The Biidda was accompanied by the Hatimi clan who appeared around 1481 A.D., the Hatimis emigrated from Yemen. This group was originally traveling to the Andulus Strip in Spain, where their famous Sheik Muhidiin Bin Arabi Tai was born. Later on, Mohamed Bin Sa'eed Bin Muslim who was Sheik Muhidiin's son and his children moved to Brava around 1481 A.D. |
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In the year 1506 A.D., the historians reported that a group of Portuguese Army came offshore and attacked the city trying to seize control of the town. Some people believed close to a 1000 men participated in the attack. The Bravanese and the people from surrounding villages defended the community from the Portuguese aggressors. The Historians also reported that the fight only lasted three days. Despite the horrendous act by the Portuguese army, the Bravanese people still dominated their attackers, even thought the Portuguese troops were using the most sophisticated weapons at that time. |
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Many people noted that the courageous Bravanese men and women used their conventional weapons such as knifes, arrows, bows, and slingshots to fight the invaders. The Historians believed people of Brava lost close to 1500 men in that battle; Portuguese Sailors raped the women and looted many valuables. |
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In early 1673 A.D., there was another party called Asharaf or Shariifs (the descendants of Prophet Mohamed SAAS) also moved to Brava. The Asharaaf clan moved out from Mogadisho, the modern day capital of Somalia about 250 km north of Brava. Besides the Hatimi there was also another group of Arabs called Omar Baa Omar, who emigrated from Yemen and moved into the already over congested city. On top of the above-mentioned groups, there was small Africana group, who to this day still live on the banks of the Shabele River. |
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The Hatimi and The Biidda who are called Laba Tol (The two kin) were fully accepted by the Tunis. They established a strong relationship that was by virtue of a mutual respect. The groups eventually became so close to one another which resulted on the inter marriage among the clans. The Biida clan allied with the Goygaal sub clan and the Hatimi allied with Daktira sub clan. Some people claimed that the Hatimis paid large amount of gold to settle in to the city, an account that was later dismissed. |
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There were unfounded reports that implied the Arab Descendants were given a piece of land that was measured with a cowhide. Apparently, the clever Arabs expanded the hide throughout the darkness of the night. Shariif Aydrus a Somali historian later dismissed this report and described the content of this report to be false and unjustified. This report is beyond anyone's imaginations that someone will treat guests like that. The Tunis will never let such act to occur in their soil. |
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Shariif Aydrus later ended in his report with the following quote "If Arabs would have done what they were accused of doing, the Tuniswould not have allow them stay in Brava a day longer. The people who were behind this rumor were exactly the same people who tried to drive a wedge between the groups." Another report revealed that the Hatimi use to be known as Dahab Soore (Gold Givers), the report advocated that this was because the Hatimi purchased the land with gold. This is clearly one of the other idiotic and unfounded reports, the oral history shows the Hatimis were named Dahab Soore merely because they did not have any currency to purchase food and the daily household needs, instead they traded gold for whatever needs they had at the time. |
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One significant element of this history is that Brava is not a Clan nor an ethnic group, Brava is simply a city that unites many migrant communities from different ethnic backgrounds. These individuals were clever enough to formulate a common language CHIMBALAZI to converse. These groups together they are called WAATU WA MIINI (People of Brava). |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 18:05, 21 October 2010
Barawa مدينة ﺑَﺮَﺍﻭَة
Baraawe Brava Ierè | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |  Somalia |
| District | Shabeellaha Hoose |
| Time zone | +3 |
Barawa or Brava (Template:Lang-so, Template:Lang-ar) is a port town on the south-eastern coast of Somalia. The traditional inhabitants are the Tunni Somalis[1] and the Bravanese people, who speak Bravanese, a Swahili dialect.[2]
==A Brief History of Brava
== Brava is an ancient city on the southern coast of Somalia. The town progressively prospered and became one of the Major Islamic centers in Horn of Africa. Many people considered the city to be the trade center of the whole region at the time, with farming and fishing being the leading resources of the area.
Chinese sailors and historians recorded a brief history about the coastal cities of Somalia such as Adale, Brava, Kismayo, Merca, and Mogadishu. The historians undeniably confirmed that in or around the beginning of 1400 A.D., a fleet of vessels used to visit and dock at the southern coasts of Somalia, particularly the harbor city of Brava
According to the Chinese travelers, a structured barrier surrounded the city on all sides. The architects used stone and bricks to construct the houses of this town. The primary economic resource of the region was from farming and fishing. The Chinese traders use to bring many goods such as Silk clothes, kitchen utensils, rice, and various textiles. In exchange, the sailors extracted profitable materials that consisted of Tiger skins, Lion skins, elephant tusks, fracases, myrrh, and other wild life coats.
Although there were many uncertainties from number of historians about the establishment of Brava city, the oral history transmitted from one generation to another recounts that Aw-Ali and his family to be the first group from the interior to settle in the area. Aw-Ali inhabited in a wooded area between Aro Gaduud and Deeho (The red sand and the white sand).
In early 900 A.D., before Aw-Ali settled in Brava, he observed large area between Goobwayn and Brava. Aw-Ali was looking for a place that best suited his family needs. One fact Aw-Ali could not resist was the freshness of the ocean breeze and immediately asked the collaboration of his people. With the help of his fellow clansmen, Aw-Ali cleared a wooded area in which he built several homes. Oral history relates before Aw-Ali moved into the city of Brava, most of the Tuni population and their livestock resided in an area that surrounded Brava and the surrounding vicinity. In fact, the Tuni presence in the territory played a big role in Aw-Ali's decision to choose Brava as his place of residence. Most historians believed that Aw-Ali himself to be from a Tuni clan. After Aw-Ali set the groundwork to his new residence more Tunismoved in to the area, most of them migrated from inland and ocean shores. Oral history recognizes that this group to be the first inhabitants to live in the city of Brava.
Gala Warday who was under King Brawt is the second group to move into the town of Brava. Many historians believe the name Brava comes from the Gala Warday's king Brawt. The Tuni clan and Gala Warday lived together and made a peace treaty that lasted 300 years.
Based on the oral tradition Tunis were the first to reside in Brava. However, the Tuni people themselves traveled from Adar through Qaraw near Ganaane River; this is the area, which is now known as Juba River. Around 891 A.D., before relocating to Brava Tunis resided in a place called Koyaama near Kismayo on southern region of Somalia. Soon after that, the tribe started their migration towards Brava. Although; some historians believe the Tuni people were living in Brava long before the year 800 A.D.
Half way into their trip toward Brava the Tunis halted in an area called Jamboo and broke into two groups. The first group consisted of the Goygaal and Dakhtira Sub clans opted to maintain their journey through the ocean shores. Second group consisted of Daafarad, Werile, and Hajuwa sub clan choosing a passage through the inlands.
After 300 years of living together in peace, the Tuni and the Gala Warday also clashed. The battle between these two tribes carried on for a long time. The fight finally ended with another alliance that was signed in Jumbo the place we now know as Goobwayn, between the Tuni and the Gala Warday. After the treaty was signed, the Tunissettled on the west bank of the river, and the Gala Warday settle on the opposite side of the river, which was the east bank. These two zones were known as KHAD TUNI AND KHAD GALA (Tuni limit and Gala limit). The land was also divided into three sections. One portion for the Tunis, another section for the Gala Warday and third portion was designated no man's land and was left for the livestock. No groups were allowed to go beyond their boundary; both clans lived that way until the Colonial Era.
According to Italian historian named Gerullo who wrote several books about the History of Banadir Region, acknowledged in his book the Tunis to be the largest population in Brava and the areas that surrounded Brava for ages.
In early 1281 A.D., the Biidda clan who were ethnically Middle Eastern relocated to Brava. This group arrived with boats from Arabian Peninsula, both the Tuni and the Gala accepted the new arrival. To communicate these groups developed a joint language called CHIMBALAZI. The vocabulary consisted of Tuni dialect, Maay dialect, and Mahaa dialect. This language is along the lines of the Swahili language spoken on the northern parts of Kenya.
The Biidda was accompanied by the Hatimi clan who appeared around 1481 A.D., the Hatimis emigrated from Yemen. This group was originally traveling to the Andulus Strip in Spain, where their famous Sheik Muhidiin Bin Arabi Tai was born. Later on, Mohamed Bin Sa'eed Bin Muslim who was Sheik Muhidiin's son and his children moved to Brava around 1481 A.D.
In the year 1506 A.D., the historians reported that a group of Portuguese Army came offshore and attacked the city trying to seize control of the town. Some people believed close to a 1000 men participated in the attack. The Bravanese and the people from surrounding villages defended the community from the Portuguese aggressors. The Historians also reported that the fight only lasted three days. Despite the horrendous act by the Portuguese army, the Bravanese people still dominated their attackers, even thought the Portuguese troops were using the most sophisticated weapons at that time.
Many people noted that the courageous Bravanese men and women used their conventional weapons such as knifes, arrows, bows, and slingshots to fight the invaders. The Historians believed people of Brava lost close to 1500 men in that battle; Portuguese Sailors raped the women and looted many valuables.
In early 1673 A.D., there was another party called Asharaf or Shariifs (the descendants of Prophet Mohamed SAAS) also moved to Brava. The Asharaaf clan moved out from Mogadisho, the modern day capital of Somalia about 250 km north of Brava. Besides the Hatimi there was also another group of Arabs called Omar Baa Omar, who emigrated from Yemen and moved into the already over congested city. On top of the above-mentioned groups, there was small Africana group, who to this day still live on the banks of the Shabele River.
The Hatimi and The Biidda who are called Laba Tol (The two kin) were fully accepted by the Tunis. They established a strong relationship that was by virtue of a mutual respect. The groups eventually became so close to one another which resulted on the inter marriage among the clans. The Biida clan allied with the Goygaal sub clan and the Hatimi allied with Daktira sub clan. Some people claimed that the Hatimis paid large amount of gold to settle in to the city, an account that was later dismissed.
There were unfounded reports that implied the Arab Descendants were given a piece of land that was measured with a cowhide. Apparently, the clever Arabs expanded the hide throughout the darkness of the night. Shariif Aydrus a Somali historian later dismissed this report and described the content of this report to be false and unjustified. This report is beyond anyone's imaginations that someone will treat guests like that. The Tunis will never let such act to occur in their soil.
Shariif Aydrus later ended in his report with the following quote "If Arabs would have done what they were accused of doing, the Tuniswould not have allow them stay in Brava a day longer. The people who were behind this rumor were exactly the same people who tried to drive a wedge between the groups." Another report revealed that the Hatimi use to be known as Dahab Soore (Gold Givers), the report advocated that this was because the Hatimi purchased the land with gold. This is clearly one of the other idiotic and unfounded reports, the oral history shows the Hatimis were named Dahab Soore merely because they did not have any currency to purchase food and the daily household needs, instead they traded gold for whatever needs they had at the time.
One significant element of this history is that Brava is not a Clan nor an ethnic group, Brava is simply a city that unites many migrant communities from different ethnic backgrounds. These individuals were clever enough to formulate a common language CHIMBALAZI to converse. These groups together they are called WAATU WA MIINI (People of Brava).
References
- ^ Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa By B. G. Martin pg 160
- ^ east_africa_languages [Multicultural Topics in CSD]