Leek

For other uses, see Leek (disambiguation).

Leek
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Alliaceae
Genus:	Allium
Species:	A. ampeloprasum
Subspecies:	A. ampeloprasum var. porrum
Trinomial name
Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.) J.Gay

The leek, Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.), also sometimes known as Allium porrum, is a vegetable which belongs, along with the onion and garlic, to the Alliaceae family. Two related vegetables, the elephant garlic and kurrat, are also variant subspecies of Allium ampeloprasum, although different in their uses as food.

The edible part of the leek plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths which is sometimes called a stem or stalk.

Form

Rather than forming a tight bulb like the onion, the leek produces a long cylinder of bundled leaf sheaths which are generally blanched by pushing soil around them (trenching). They are often sold as small seedlings in flats which are started off early in greenhouses, to be planted out as weather permits. Once established in the garden, leeks are hardy; many varieties can be left in the ground during the winter to be harvested as needed.

Cultivars

Today leek growing is a highly professional industry with many different leek varieties available. Growers must ensure that they choose the correct variety for the period the leek is required for, and that the variety suits the product needed by the consumer.

In recent years, in additional to traditional breeds, several leek hybrids have been developed and are growing in popularity. By cross-pollinating two different types of leek, it has been possible to improve many of the vegetable’s characteristics such as colour and length, resulting in a top quality vegetable reaching the consumer on the supermarkets’ shelves. www.british-leeks.co.uk

Growing

Leeks are easy to grow from seed and tolerate standing in the field for an extended harvest. Leeks usually reach maturity in the autumn months, and they have few pest or disease problems. Leeks can be bunched and harvested early when they are about the size of a finger or pencil, or they can be thinned and allowed to grow to a much larger mature size. Hilling leeks can produce better specimens.

Cuisine

The edible portions of the leek are the white onion base and light green stalk. The dark green portion is usually discarded since it has less flavor. As the leek grows, this part becomes woody and very chewy. One of the most popular uses for the whites and light green stalks is for adding flavor to stock. Chefs rarely use the darker part of the leek for stock because of its bitterness. However, a few leaves are sometimes tied with twine and other herbs to form a bouquet garni.

Leek has a mild onion-like taste, less bitter than scallion. The taste might be described as a mixture of mild onion and cucumber, with a fresh smell similar to scallion. In its raw state, the vegetable is crunchy and firm.

Leek is typically chopped into slices 5–10 mm thick. The slices have a tendency to fall apart, due to the layered structure of the leek. There are different ways of preparing the vegetable:

• Boiled, which turns it soft and mild in taste.
• Fried, which leaves it more crunchy and preserves the taste.
• Raw, which can be used in salads, doing especially well when they are the prime ingredient.

Leeks are an ingredient of cock-a-leekie soup, leek and potato soup and vichyssoise, along with leek soup.

Because of their symbolism in Wales (see below), they have come to be used extensively in that country’s cuisine. Elsewhere in Britain, leeks have come back into favour only in the last fifty years or so, having been overlooked for several centuries.

Historical consumption

Dried specimens from archaeological sites in ancient Egypt, as well as wall carvings and drawings, led Zohary and Hopf to conclude that the leek was a part of the Egyptian diet “from at least the 2nd millennium BCE onwards.” They also allude to surviving texts that show it had been also grown in Mesopotamia from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE. The leek was the favorite vegetable of the Emperor Nero, who consumed it in soup or in oil, believing it beneficial to the quality of his voice.

Cultural significance

Raw leeks, bulb & lower leaves

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	255 kJ (61 kcal)
Carbohydrates	2.9 g
Sugars	3.9 g
Dietary fiber	1.8 g
Fat	0.3 g
Saturated	0.04 g
Monounsaturated	0.004 g
Polyunsaturated	0.166 g
Protein	1.5 g
Vitamins and minerals Vitamins Quantity %DV† Vitamin A equiv. 9% 83 μg Thiamine (B1) 5% 0.06 mg Riboflavin (B2) 2% 0.03 mg Niacin (B3) 3% 0.4 mg Vitamin B6 14% 0.233 mg Folate (B9) 16% 64 μg Vitamin B12 0% 0 μg Vitamin C 13% 12 mg Vitamin E 6% 0.92 mg Vitamin K 39% 47 μg Minerals Quantity %DV† Calcium 5% 59 mg Iron 12% 2.1 mg Magnesium 7% 28 mg Phosphorus 3% 35 mg Potassium 6% 180 mg Sodium 1% 20 mg Zinc 1% 0.12 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	83 g
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.

The leek is one of the national emblems of Wales, worn along with the daffodil (in Welsh, the daffodil is known as "Peter's Leek," Cenhinen Bedr) on St. David’s Day. According to one legend, King Cadwaladr of Gwynedd ordered his soldiers to identify themselves by wearing the vegetable on their helmets in an ancient battle against the Saxons that took place in a leek field. This story may have been made up by the English poet Michael Drayton, but it is known that the leek has been a symbol of Wales for a long time; Shakespeare, for example, refers to the custom of wearing a leek as an “ancient tradition” in Henry V. In the play, Henry tells Fluellen that he is wearing a leek “for I am Welsh, you know, good countryman.” The 1985 and 1990 British one pound coins bear the design of a leek in a coronet, representing Wales.

Perhaps the most visible use of the leek, however, is as the cap badge of the Welsh Guards, a regiment within the Household Division of the British Army.

In Romania, the leek is also widely considered a symbol of Oltenia, a historical region in the south-western part of the country.

Gallery

• 
  Two blooming flower heads
• 
  A largely spent flower head showing open flowers as well as developing seed pods.

See also

• Wild leek, also known as ramps
• Laukaz, a rune that has been speculated to mean “leek”
• Loituma Girl, also known as "Leekspin"
• List of vegetables
• Culture of Wales
• Scallion
• Miku Hatsune Vocaloid2 character, her character item is a Welsh onion.
• Welsh onion
• Kurrat, Egyptian Leek

External links

• Allium ampeloprasum L. on US National PLANTS Database
• Allium porrum L. on US National PLANTS Database
• Allium ampeloprasum, Porrum on Floridata
• Leek: Plants For a Future database
• Food Museum page