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===Folk music revival===
===Folk music revival===
[[Joe Hickerson]], one of the Folksmiths, recorded the song in 1957, as did [[Pete Seeger]] in 1958. Joe Hickerson later succeeded Gordon at the American Folklife Center.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zorn |first=Eric|title=Someone's dissin', Lord, kumbaya |publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2006/08/someones_dissin.html|accessdate=2008-01-11 | date=August 31, 2006}}</ref>
[[Joe Hickerson]], one of the Folksmiths, recorded the song in 1957, as did [[Pete Seeger]] in 1958. Hickerson credits Tony Saletan, then a songleader at the [[Shaker Village Work Camp]] for introducing him to "Kumbaya." (Saletan had learned it from Lynn Rohrbough, co-proprietor with his wife Katherine of the camp songbook publisher Cooperative Recreation Service).<ref name="Weiss2006"/><ref name="Stern2009"/><ref name="Amy1957"/>. Joe Hickerson later succeeded Gordon at the American Folklife Center.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zorn |first=Eric|title=Someone's dissin', Lord, kumbaya |publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2006/08/someones_dissin.html|accessdate=2008-01-11 | date=August 31, 2006}}</ref>
The song enjoyed newfound popularity during the [[folk revival]] of the 1960s, largely due to [[Joan Baez]]'s 1962 recording of the song, and became associated with the [[African-American Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights Movement]] of that decade.
The song enjoyed newfound popularity during the [[folk revival]] of the 1960s, largely due to [[Joan Baez]]'s 1962 recording of the song, and became associated with the [[African-American Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights Movement]] of that decade.


Revision as of 21:51, 27 March 2011

This article is about the song. For the town in Ecuador, see Cumbayá.

"Kumbayah" (Gullah, "Come By Here" — "Kum ba yah") — is an African-American spiritual song from the 1930s. It enjoyed newfound popularity during the folk revival of the 1960s and became a standard campfire song in Scouting and nature-oriented organizations.

The song was originally associated with human and spiritual unity, closeness and compassion, and it still is in many places around the world.

History

Origins

The origins of the song are disputed. Recent research has found that sometime between 1922 and 1931, members of an organization called the Society for the Preservation of Spirituals collected a song from the South Carolina coast.[1] "Come By Yah", as they called it, was sung in Gullah, the creole pidgin dialect spoken by the former slaves living on the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia.[2] Between 1926 and 1928, four more versions of traditional spirituals with the refrain "Come by Here" or "Come by Yah" were recorded in South Carolina and Georgia on wax cylinder by Robert Winslow Gordon, founder of what became the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress.[3] In May 1936, John Lomax, Gordon's successor as head of the Library of Congress's folk archive, discovered a woman named Ethel Best singing "Come by Here" with a group in Raiford, Florida.[4]

These facts contradict the longstanding copyright and authorship claim of Reverend Marvin V. Frey.[1] Rev. Frey (1918–1992) claimed to have written the song circa 1936 under the title "Come By Here," inspired, he claimed, by a prayer he heard delivered by "Mother Duffin," a storefront evangelist in Portland, Oregon. It first appeared in this version in Revival Choruses of Marvin V. Frey, a lyric sheet printed in Portland, Oregon in 1939. Frey claimed the change of the title to "Kum Ba Yah" came about in 1946, when a missionary family returned from Africa where they had sung Frey's version and slightly changed the words. This family toured America singing the song with the text "Kum Ba Yah".[1] This account is contradicted by the fact that a nearly identical Gullah version of the song was recorded almost two decades earlier. According to a Nov. 20, 2010, New York Times article by Samuel Freedman, the metamorphosis to the "African" word Kumbaya was explained in liner notes to a 1959 Pete Seeger album, but "no scholar has ever found an indigenous word 'kumbaya' with a relevant meaning.".[5] Freedman goes on to discuss the usage of kumbaya as a term of political rhetoric.

Folk music revival

Joe Hickerson, one of the Folksmiths, recorded the song in 1957, as did Pete Seeger in 1958. Hickerson credits Tony Saletan, then a songleader at the Shaker Village Work Camp for introducing him to "Kumbaya." (Saletan had learned it from Lynn Rohrbough, co-proprietor with his wife Katherine of the camp songbook publisher Cooperative Recreation Service).[6][7][8]. Joe Hickerson later succeeded Gordon at the American Folklife Center.[9] The song enjoyed newfound popularity during the folk revival of the 1960s, largely due to Joan Baez's 1962 recording of the song, and became associated with the Civil Rights Movement of that decade.

Lyrics

Version No. 1 Version No. 2

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, the Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone's laughing, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's laughing, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's laughing, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Hear me crying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me crying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me crying, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone's crying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's crying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's crying, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Hear me singing, Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me singing, Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me singing, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone's praying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's praying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's praying, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Hear me praying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me praying, Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me praying, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone's singing, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's singing, Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's singing, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Oh, I need you, Lord, kum bay ya;
Oh, I need you, Lord, kum bay ya;
Oh, I need you, Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Recordings

"Kumbaya"
Song

The Folksmiths including Joe Hickerson recorded the first LP version of the song in August 1957. As this group traveled from summer camp to summer camp teaching folk songs, they may be the origin of Kumbaya around the campfire.

It was recorded by Pete Seeger in 1958, and The Weavers released it on Traveling on With the Weavers in 1959.

Joan Baez's 1962 In Concert, Volume 1 included her version of the song. Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach also sang "Kum Bah Yah" in a 1962 concert, a recording of which was subsequently released in 1963 on the album Shlomo Carlebach Sings.

The Seekers recorded it in 1963 for their first album, "Introducing the Seekers". They later re-recorded for their third album, "Hide & Seekers" (also known as "The Four & Only Seekers"); it was re-released on their 1989 album "The Very Best of the Seekers".

Ballad singer Tommy Leonetti gave the song chart status in 1969. His single reached #54 pop, #4 easy listening, released on Decca 32421.

It was included on The Sandpipers' 1969 album The Wonder of You.

Raffi recorded it for his Baby Beluga album.

In 1984, the proto-punk band, Guadalcanal Diary, recorded a version on their album Watusi Rodeo.

Peter, Paul & Mary recorded Kumbaya on their 1998 Around the Campfire album

German rock band Guano Apes and German comedian Michael Mittermeier did a cover of "Kum Bah Yah" called "Kumba yo!" and made a music video. The "Kumba yo!" single was released in 2001.

References in politics

  • After a private farewell dinner on December 5, 2006 at the White House for outgoing United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan (Secretary-General 1996 to 2006), soon-to-resign U.S. Ambassador John R. Bolton joked that "nobody sang 'Kumbaya.'" When told of Bolton's comment, Annan laughed and asked: "Does he know how to sing it?"[10]
  • In November 2007, Sol Trujillo, the Chief Executive of the Australian telecommunications company Telstra, mocked the proposed $4.7 billion taxpayer-funded, public-private partnership for a new national broadband network. He labeled it as some sort of "kumbaya, holding hands" theory.[11]
  • On August 22, 2009, during a celebration of the 40th anniversary of the legendary Woodstock music festival in Water Mill, New York Banker-turned-singer, peace activist, and television celebrity, "Sir-Ivan" performed his new hit dance single "Kumbaya"[1] in front of 800 guests and friends who attended Castlestock 2009 to raise money for The Peaceman Foundation. Sir-Ivan founded The Peaceman Foundation [2] to combat hate crimes and to assist sufferers of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD,
  • In summer 2010, Chuck Henthorn, a tea partier on a bus bound for a rally in D.C. said "I believe that elected officials on the Hill should govern from the state that elected them. They shouldn't be up there holding hands singing Kumbayah in D.C."[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c Jeffery, Weiss (November 12, 2006). "'Kumbaya': How did a sweet simple song become a mocking metaphor?". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  2. ^ "Mama Lisa'a World-Kumbaya". Retrieved 2008-01-11.
  3. ^ Freedman, Samuel G. (November 19, 2010). "A Long Road From 'Come by Here' to 'Kumbaya'". New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2010. {{cite news}}: Check |authorlink= value (help); External link in |authorlink= (help)
  4. ^ Stern, Gary (June 27, 2009). ""Kumbaya, My Lord:" Why we sing it; why we hate it". The Journal News. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  5. ^ Freedman, Samuel G. (19 November 2010). "A Long Road From 'Come by Here' to 'Kumbaya'". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Weiss2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Stern2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Amy1957 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Zorn, Eric (August 31, 2006). "Someone's dissin', Lord, kumbaya". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
  10. ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (December 12, 2006). "Annan bows out of UN with attack on Bush". December 12, 2006 : The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
  11. ^ "Telstra rejects Labor net plan". Australian IT. December 6, 2007.
  12. ^ "The Calling". washingtonpost. October 24, 2010.
  13. ^ "Insults start to fly from furious Coalition". SMH. September 8, 2010.
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