Pharyngeal reflex: Difference between revisions
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The '''pharyngeal reflex''' or '''gag reflex''' is a [[reflex]] contraction of the back of the throat,<ref name="urlMedical Neurosciences">{{cite web |url=http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/09NA.html |title=Medical Neurosciences |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> evoked by touching the [[soft palate]].<ref>"pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex." <u>WordNet 1.7.1</u>. Princeton University, 2001. ''Answers.com'' 22 Apr. 2008. http://www.answers.com/topic/pharyngeal-reflex-gag-reflex</ref> It prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal [[swallowing]] and helps prevent [[choking]]. Different people have different sensitivities to the gag reflex. |
The '''pharyngeal reflex''' or '''gag reflex''' is a [[reflex]] contraction of the back of the throat,<ref name="urlMedical Neurosciences">{{cite web |url=http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/09NA.html |title=Medical Neurosciences |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> evoked by touching the [[soft palate]].<ref>"pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex." <u>WordNet 1.7.1</u>. Princeton University, 2001. ''Answers.com'' 22 Apr. 2008. http://www.answers.com/topic/pharyngeal-reflex-gag-reflex</ref> It prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal [[swallowing]] and helps prevent [[choking]]. Different people have different sensitivities to the gag reflex. This is the '''pharyngeal reflex''', that should be depressed at the beginning of the [[surgery]] in order to achieve successful [[intubation]]<ref name="livemedical">[http://livemedical.net/trachea-intubation-technique/ Trachea Intubation Technique]</ref>. The depression of pharyngeal reflex can be performed by adequate induction into [[anesthesia]]. |
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The [[afferent limb]] of the reflex is supplied by the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] (cranial nerve IX), which inputs to the [[nucleus solitarius]] and the [[spinal trigeminal nucleus]], and the [[efferent nerve|efferent limb]] is supplied by the [[vagus nerve]] (cranial nerve X) from the [[nucleus ambiguus]]. Absence of the gag reflex and pharyngeal sensation can be a symptom of a number of severe medical conditions, such as damage to the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]], the [[vagus nerve]], or [[brain death]]. However, in one study, one-third of healthy people did not have a gag reflex, although pharyngeal sensation in these subjects remained intact.<ref>''Pharyngeal sensation and gag reflex in healthy subjects.'' Davies, A., Kidd, D., Stone, S., MacMahon, J. (1995). Lancet 345:487–488</ref> |
The [[afferent limb]] of the reflex is supplied by the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] (cranial nerve IX), which inputs to the [[nucleus solitarius]] and the [[spinal trigeminal nucleus]], and the [[efferent nerve|efferent limb]] is supplied by the [[vagus nerve]] (cranial nerve X) from the [[nucleus ambiguus]]. Absence of the gag reflex and pharyngeal sensation can be a symptom of a number of severe medical conditions, such as damage to the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]], the [[vagus nerve]], or [[brain death]]. However, in one study, one-third of healthy people did not have a gag reflex, although pharyngeal sensation in these subjects remained intact.<ref>''Pharyngeal sensation and gag reflex in healthy subjects.'' Davies, A., Kidd, D., Stone, S., MacMahon, J. (1995). Lancet 345:487–488</ref> |
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[[pt:Reflexo faríngeo]] |
[[pt:Reflexo faríngeo]] |
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[[simple:Gag reflex]] |
[[simple:Gag reflex]] |
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[[File:Example.jpg]] |
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Revision as of 15:32, 1 October 2011
The pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex is a reflex contraction of the back of the throat,[1] evoked by touching the soft palate.[2] It prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing and helps prevent choking. Different people have different sensitivities to the gag reflex. This is the pharyngeal reflex, that should be depressed at the beginning of the surgery in order to achieve successful intubation[3]. The depression of pharyngeal reflex can be performed by adequate induction into anesthesia.
The afferent limb of the reflex is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), which inputs to the nucleus solitarius and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the efferent limb is supplied by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) from the nucleus ambiguus. Absence of the gag reflex and pharyngeal sensation can be a symptom of a number of severe medical conditions, such as damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve, or brain death. However, in one study, one-third of healthy people did not have a gag reflex, although pharyngeal sensation in these subjects remained intact.[4]
Swallowing unusually large objects or placing objects in the back of the mouth may cause the pharyngeal reflex. Some people, for instance sword swallowers, have learned how to suppress it. In contrast, triggering the reflex is sometimes done intentionally to induce vomiting, for example by those who suffer from bulimia nervosa.
References
- ^ "Medical Neurosciences".
- ^ "pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex." WordNet 1.7.1. Princeton University, 2001. Answers.com 22 Apr. 2008. http://www.answers.com/topic/pharyngeal-reflex-gag-reflex
- ^ Trachea Intubation Technique
- ^ Pharyngeal sensation and gag reflex in healthy subjects. Davies, A., Kidd, D., Stone, S., MacMahon, J. (1995). Lancet 345:487–488
External links
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