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Revision as of 01:53, 19 March 2012

Carol Buckley
Born (1954-05-18) May 18, 1954 (age 70)
Oakland, California
NationalityAmerican
EducationExotic Animal Training & Management Program, 1974 Moorpark College, California
OccupationElephant Welfare Consultant
Websitehttp://www.carolbuckley.com/

Carol Buckley is a world wide leader in the trauma recovery and on-going physical care of captive elephants.[1][2]

From 1974 to the present, Buckley has been responsible for and responsive to elephants: caring for them, transporting them, advocating for them, playing with them,[3] being responsible for them. Through her experience with elephants, from Tarra to elephants kept in zoos and circuses in the US and abroad, she has become a leading speaker and expert witness for captive elephants everywhere. [4][5]She also works with federal, state, and foreign government agencies and with private organizations to create and to strengthen the regulations that protect the welfare of every single elephant kept in captivity. In 2010, Buckley founded Elephant Aid International and began consulting world wide to help improve the lives of captive elephants and their mahouts. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]


Early Life

When Buckley was born, the family babysitter gave her a tiny, orange stripped kitten named Tiger. This began her lifelong affection for animals.
"For 19 years", Buckley says "Tiger was my friend, confidant and adventure seeker. By example she taught me to be curious, independent and loving. But what I cherish most about Tiger was how enthusiastically she enjoyed every day of her life."

Work

General

Carol Buckley has been featured in the New York Times Magazine, Parade, Chicago Tribune, People and Readers Digest, and on Oprah, ABC News, 20/20, CBS News, CNN and the Canadian Broadcast Corporation. and other printed and visual media. [12]

'Tarra Productions' and the Education of an Elephant Welfare Activist

While a student at Moorpark College in 1974, Buckley was touched by a tiny baby elephant that a local tire dealer had bought to market his tires. [13] Buckley volunteered to feed and care for the elephant named Fluffy.

A year later, Buckley borrowed $25,000, bought Fluffy, changed her name to Tarra, and founded Tarra Productions. By 1980, Buckley had even taught Tarra to roller skate.[14]

For the next 15 years, Buckley lived with, cared for, trained, transported and performed with Tarra in circuses and zoos in the US and Canada. One year, Tarra even presented an Academy Award.

In 1984 Buckley began to question the life that she had chosen for Tarra. One day, after a roller skating show, a woman approached Buckley and said: "That's abuse. You're abusing your animal by making her skate." Buckley was astounded. She knew Tarra enjoyed skating and was not being abused, but she now realized that she was creating the wrong impression about Tarra and elephants. Buckley did not believe that elephants exist to entertain people; she knew that each elephant's needs must come first. [15] Around that same time, Tarra, then entering her preteens, had been observed swinging her trunk at people when Buckley's back was turned. Recognizing that Tarra was entering another phase in her growth from infant to adult, Buckley eventually stopped Tarra's roller skating act.

Buckley began to search in earnest for a better life for Tarra in a variety of zoos and animal parks where she worked and consulted including African Lion Safari and Bowmanville Zoo in Ontario, Canada; the Racine Zoo in Wisconsin and the Nashville Zoo in Tennessee.[16][17] While Tarra would like each new zoo at first, she soon could be found standing by the enclosing fence swaying back an forth.[18]

Buckley realized that a better life for a captive elephant, a place where elephants could walk and interact with nature, outside of the domination of people did not exist. Yet.

After musing, analyzing, searching, designing and redesigning barns and land to meet Tarra's needs, Buckley was jolted into action by the horrific death of Tyke (elephant) in Honolulu, Hawaii in August, 1994. [19] Tyke was an intelligent, beautiful elephant who was gunned down in front of many people and children after she killed her trainer then escaped the circus ring. The horrific image of Tyke killing her trainer in front of the circus audience is still used by animal control people who want to convince their city councils not to allow wild animal circuses in their cities.

The Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald)

In November 1994, Carol Buckley, with a loan from the local bank, bought 112 acres in Hohenwald, Tennessee. Using the savings she and Tarra had acquired, Buckley built a barn for Tarra, and co-founded The Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald) in Tennessee: The first natural habitat refuge for sick, old and needy elephants. [20] In 1997 Buckley used the money from the sale of her home in Ojai, California. combined with her life savings as collateral, to get a loan to build a second barn to accept more needy elephants. [21]

From 1994 to 2009, Buckley used personal funds and collateral to ensure the Sanctuary’s continued growth. Today, The Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald) is 2700 acres, housing African and Asian elephants in three separate sections complete with four state-of-the art barns, enclosed by 20 miles of fencing.

While at the Elephant Sanctuary, Buckley developed a non-dominant management system and an holistic healthcare program that supports the recovery of traumatized, injured, and sick elephants while allowing them, as much as possible, to make their own choices. [22] [23]

Buckley was personally responsible for rescuing each of the 24 elephants from zoos and circuses that moved to the Sanctuary.

The 24 Elephants that Carol Buckley Rescued


Buckley coordinated the rescue of the first elephant ever confiscated by the USDA and lobbied endlessly to have all of John Cuneo Jr.'s Hawthorn Elephants sent to the Elephant Sanctuary. [44] [45][46] In 2006 Buckley organized the rescue, an effort which had taken over 2 years and enormous focus and determination, of a group of eight female elephants confiscated from the Hawthorn Corporation by the USDA. [47] [48] She designed individualized treatment programs to help each of them recover from the physical, psychological and emotional effects of nearly four decades of circus life.[47]

Controversy at The Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald)

In November, 2009, the Board of Directors put Buckley on involuntary leave because of her "management style". In March, 2010 she was fired.

In October, 2010, after months with no Board interest in mediation, Buckley filed a lawsuit seeking reinstatement as President of the Elephant Sanctuary, $500,000 in damages, and visitation rights to see Tarra.[49] [50] [51]

In August 2011, the Elephant Sanctuary announced that Scott Blais, who had co-founded the Sanctuary with Buckley in 1995, was leaving the Elephant Sanctuary by "mutual, friendly" agreement.[52]

In October, 2011, a judge denied Buckley's request to see Tarra saying an elephant is property and there are no provisions in the law that allow visitation of property.[53]

Elephant Aid International

In 2010, Buckley founded Elephant Aid International. After fifteen years as CEO of the Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee, building facilities and restoring twenty-four elephants to family and life in a natural habitat, Buckley has taken her experience, knowledge, and expertise to the Asia. [54] [55] [56] Since the founding of EAI, Buckley has spent many months in Nepal, India, Thailand and Sri Lanka consulting on elephant foot care,[57] [58] , target training and Compassionate Elephant Management (CEM)[59] for elephants and their mahouts,[60] and, the long-range goal of the creation of elephant centers throughout India.[61]

October 27, 2011, Carol Buckley has been officially engaged by the Wildlife Rescue & Rehabilitation Centre (WRRC)[62] to create an Elephant Care and Rehabilitation Center (ECRC) in Karnataka, Bangalore, India.[63] Buckley will remain on-site to supervise the Center’s development and acquisition of elephants. Once the facility is well established, she will monitor the operations with regular extended visits throughout the year." [64]

Awards and Honors, Books, Selected Lectures, Scholarly Articles, Training Materials

Awards and Honors

Time (magazine) Heroes for the Planet, October 12, 1998.
Genesis Awards, March 2001 and selected as Guest of Honor at the 15th Annual Genesis Awards banquet.
Ambassadors of Elephants Nov 4, 2010 by Asian Elephants Today. Carol was named along side of Cynthia Moss, and other teachers and keepers of elephant wisdom and elephant sacrifices.

Books

Travels with Tarra, by Carol Buckley, Tilbury House Publishers, January 2002, ISBN 978-0884482413.
Just for Elephants by Carol Buckley, Tilbury House Publishers, November 2006, ISBN 978-0884482833. 23 years before Shirley was relocated to the sanctuary, Jenny was an infant elephant at a circus and Shirley was recovering from a broken leg. Apparently they shared a stall for a few months. Their reunion is magical. [65] The 2000 PBS documentary “The Urban Elephant” retold the story Shirley, and Jenny reunion.
Tarra & Bella: The Elephant and Dog who became best friends by Carol Buckley, Putnam Juvenile, September 8, 2009, ISBN 978-0399254437. The story of an elephant and a dog and their incredible bond. This story was broadcast on CBS News, and then featured on newscasts, and internet sites around the world.

List of Selected Lectures

  • 18th Annual Elephant Managers Association Workshop, Fort Worth Zoo, 1997, "The Elephant Sanctuary - A Natural Habitat Refuge for Asian Elephants". Carol Buckley, Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, TN 17 min. [66]
  • USDA Lecture 2001 "The Elephant Sanctuary- History of Success". [67]
  • Elephant Managers Conference 2001 "The Elephant Sanctuary-Passive Control Management".[68]
  • AZA Annual Conference 2001 Zoos, Sanctuaries And Animal Welfare Sanctuary: A Fundamental Requirement of Wildlife Management. [69] [70]
  • Oakland Zoo Celebrating Elephants, 2002, Carol Buckley Featured Speaker. "Asian elephant expert and co-founder of the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tennessee, discussed her life-long journey with elephants and the creation of a natural habit refuge specifically developed for elephants. Buckley also shared plans for the arrival of the first African Elephants to join the sanctuary". [71]
  • An Evening to Remember Because Elephants Never Forget 2003 Maine Friends of Animals & the Maine Animal Coalition, "The Elephant Sanctuary-A Window into the World of the Majestic Elephant." [72]

Selected Scholarly Articles

  • "Captive Elephant Foot Care: Natural-habitat Husbandry Techniques by Carol Buckley", The Elephant's Foot: Prevention and Care of Foot Conditions in Captive Asian and African Elephants, Chapter 6, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, 2001, 172 pp, ISBN 0-8138-2820-1.
  • "Sanctuary: A Fundamental Requirement of Wildlife Management by Carol Buckley", An Elephant in the Room: The Science and Well-Being of Elephants in Captivity, Chapter 6: Center for Animals and Public Policy, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 2009.
  • "The Art of Cultural Brokerage: Recreating Elephant-Human Relationship and Community Journal of Archetype and Culture", co-authors: Carol Buckley & G. A. Bradshaw, Minding the Animal Psyche, Chapter 3: volumn 83, Spring, 2010, 448 pp., ISBN 978-1-935528-07-4.
  • "Tuberculosis in Elephants: Antibody Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Potential for Early Diagnosis, and Monitoring of Treatment", Konstantin P. Lyashchenko, Rena Greenwald, Javan Esfandiari, John H. Olsen, Ray Ball, Genevieve Dumonceaux, Freeland Dunker, Carol Buckley et al., Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, p. 722-732, July 2006, Vol. 13, No. 7.
  • "EMA Statement on Free/Protected Contact" by Carol Buckley, D. Collins, C. Doyle, G. Johnson, J. Lehnhardt, & D. Redfox, Elephant Managers' Journal (EMA), pp. 9-12, III Indianapolis, IN., 1992.

Training Videos and other Materials

  • SAURAHA Elephant Foot Care Workshop May 2010 –Chitwan, Nepal. [77]
  • Positive Reinforcement Target Training video, level 1. August 2011. [78]
  • Elephant Footcare (video), [79]

Quotes, Notes, and References,

  1. ^ http://www.kerulos.org/about_kerulos/faculty.html#buckley, "Carol Buckley". Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  2. ^ http://jerrynelsonjournal.blogspot.com/2010/07/carol-buckley.html, "Carol Buckley", Wednesday, July 28, 2010. "Traditional elephant handling and training is nothing short of brutal. ...She used a long piece of straw commenting that a stick could be conceived as a weapon and the elephant could feel the tickle of the straw. Her other tools were simple gentle voice commands and bananas. The results were amazing!", Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  3. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com/elevisions/?p=980,
    "While daydreaming about Tarra",
    " I recalled our first romp on a pristine beach in Santa Barbara, CA. Tarra was a spunky youngster, small by elephant standards, full of playful energy. It was early morning, the sun was just lighting up the southern California sky and the beach was surprisingly empty. Like kids off on a grand adventure we climbed over the dunes that divided the highway from the beach beyond. Tarra sunk to her knees in the dry sand with each gangly step, leaving cavernous holes in her wake.
    ... Tarra enthusiastically ran toward the ocean as the water receded. But when an underdeveloped wave crashed at her feet, she screeched to a halt and back peddled awkwardly. Squeaking gleefully, trunk curled up under her chin, head pulled down low, she got eye level with the wave. As it once again receded, her confidence returned. Ankle-deep in the foamy swirl of sand and salt water, she did not notice the new wave building. It formed quickly, rising like a cobra from the ocean floor and slapped her broad side with a crack. Caught by surprise, Tarra’s eyes flashed wide. She stood frozen for a split second, staring straight at me. I could not help it, I broke up with laughter. Recognizing the mischievous look on her face, I started running down the beach to get the jump on our ever familiar foot race. Tarra came tearing out of the water, running as fast as her stocky legs could drive her, trunk and tail fully extended like a bird dog on point. Our foot race ritual was a bonding exercise. Sometimes I let her win and other times she let me. This time it appeared that she was determined to be the winner. Slowed by the soft sand caressing our ankles, we raced down the beach, neck-in-neck, until she surged forward in a final sprint, leaving me in her dust clinching my sides in laughter. Only then did I notice we were being watched. A uniformed man standing some distance away called out, “Miss, you cannot have an elephant on the beach.”". Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  4. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g_2hgi_-08, VoiceForTheAnimals, Jan 20, 2009. "Dr Joyce and Carol Buckley speaking on Herpes". Retrieved 2011-11-04
  5. ^ http://www.kerulos.org/about_kerulos/faculty.html#buckley,"Carol Buckley". . Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  6. ^ http://asianelephantstoday.com/2011/03/23/sri-lanka-condensed-%c2%bb-carol-buckley/, "Sri Lanka condensed » Carol Buckley", Mar 23, 2011, Asian Elephants Today Endangerment & Conservation: The Big Picture. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  7. ^ http://www.free-press-release.com/news-carol-buckley-co-founder-of-the-elephant-sanctuary-introduces-international-elephant-aid-and-www-carolbuckley-com-and-heads-to-asia-for-worldwide-el-1271101017.html, "Carol Buckley - Co-Founder of the Elephant Sanctuary Introduces International Elephant Aid and www.CarolBuckley.com and Heads to Asia for Worldwide Elephant Assistance ", April 12, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  8. ^ http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/430368-begging-street-elephants-remain-a-problem, "Begging Street Elephants Remain A Problem mahout charged with assault on foreigners". Originally from but no longer available at, http://chiangmai-mail.com/current/news.shtml#hd11. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  9. ^ http://www.greenchicafe.com/elephant-aid-internation-newly-launched-ngo. "Elephant Aid International – Newly Launched NGO', Tuesday, 9 November 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  10. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/userfiles/file/Thailand%20-%20ENP%202011_COMPRESSED.pdf "Foot Care Report, Thailand". May 1, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  11. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/userfiles/file/Nepal%20-%20report_FINAL_4-2011.pdf "Foot Care Report, Nepal", April 12, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  12. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/carolbuckley.php Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  13. ^ http://www.americanwaymag.com/tarra-carol-buckley-tennessee-scott-blais-author, "The Elephant Sanctuary", by Jack Boulware, Apr 1, 2010, American Way. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
  14. ^ http://ojaihistory.com/tarra-the-rollerskating-elephant/, "Tarra the Roller Skating Elephant", by Craig Walker, November 15, 2011 Retrieved 2011-11-14.
  15. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-05-29/news/0505290315_1_elephant-sanctuary-carol-buckley-lincoln-park-zoo, "Where the elephants roam", by William Mullen, May 29, 2005, Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  16. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/carolbuckley.php
  17. ^ http://www.merrynjose.com/artman/publish/article_420.shtml, "Sanctuary: The Tarra Story", Apr 17, 2005, Merlian News. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  18. ^ http://www.lhj.com/relationships/family/pets/the-way-god-made-them-a-womans-plight-to-save-the-elephant-she-loves/ Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  19. ^ http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/08/16/news/story2.html
  20. ^ http://articles.philly.com/2006-11-26/news/25406598_1_elephant-sanctuary-elephant-exhibit-carol-buckley/3, November 26, 2006, By Julie Stoiber Staff Writer. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  21. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmVbLau90vA
  22. ^ http://failuremag.com/index.php/feature/article/inside_the_elephant_sanctuary/P3/ Written by Kathleen A. Ervin. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  23. ^ http://www.kerulos.org/about_kerulos/faculty.html#buckley" Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  24. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEvNvnsalbQ
  25. ^ http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/08/16/news/story2.html, "Shots killing elephant echo across a decade", Honolulu Star-Bull, Monday, August 16, 2004. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  26. ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FRO/is_n1_v131/ai_20190892/ "The elephants' friend; Carol Buckley runs a unique sanctuary for Asian elephants - founder of Elephant Sanctuary near Hohenwald, Tennessee", by Bill Pryor, FindArticles / Reference / Animals / Jan-Feb, 1998. "Without the heart to turn Barbara away, Buckley welcomed the ailing elephant to the sanctuary that April." Later Carol created "The Save Jenny Trust" to save Jenny. Lota was to be the next elephant to come to the sanctuary. (Unfortunately Lota was not rescued until 2004, 6 months before she died of advanced TB.) Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  27. ^ http://www.friendsoflucy.ca/buckley.html, "Shirley's Tale", by Carol Buckley, July 6, 1999. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  28. ^ http://www.friendsoflucy.ca/shirley.html, "SHIRLEY -Ele-beacon of Hope From the Louisiana Purchase Gardens and Zoo to The Elephant Sanctuary". Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  29. ^ http://www.elephants.com/pdf/bunnyedition.pdf. "AFTER FOUR YEARS OF HOPING, BUNNY IS HERE! A PERSONAL ACCOUNT OF BUNNY", by Carol Buckley, Trunklines, November 1999. "In the four years since I first met Bunny, I, too, could not forget her…She stood only a few feet from the public viewing area, oblivious to the visitors yelling her name."..."As I leaned up against the exhibit railing I hoped that she might notice me. I thought that if I think hard enough she might sense that I am different from the others; that I have big plans for her." Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  30. ^ http://www.anaflora.com/essences/c-studies/case-sissy.html, "Sissy Receives a Terrible Beating Before coming to the Elephant Sanctuary, however Sissy spent a year at the Houston Zoo and then another year at a Zoo in El Paso. Her keepers found her to be antisocial and somewhat aggressive. At one point Sissy was violently abused by her keepers. Their handling of her videotaped for in-house purposes but the film eventually found its way to the media. The video tape showed her handlers hitting Sissy who was tightly chained, repeatedly on the back of her legs with wooden bats and/or ax handles during a violent beating session that lasted several hours. If Sissy did not respond to a given command within a few seconds, the beating began again. Twice she was hit so hard her legs buckled and she fell to the ground."
  31. ^ http://www.elephants.com/sissy/sissyBio.php , "Upon notice that the City of El Paso wished to send Sissy to The Elephant Sanctuary, Carol Buckley, founder and executive director of the Sanctuary, went to El Paso to meet this notorious elephant. What she found was a severely underweight, depressed animal." Retrieved 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  32. ^ http://wmu-sse.tripod.com/dangerous.htm, "Elephant at Henry Vilas Zoo attacks zookeeper and veterinarian while vet checks her chronically sore feet. Zookeeper treated and released from local hospital. After attack, fresh puncture wound observed above elephant's eye. Elephant involved in previous incident 07/09/98. (Wisconsin State Journal)". Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  33. ^ http://www.angelfire.com/wi/vilaselephants/pressconference.html, "Carol Buckley, director of the Elephant Sanctuary, held a press conference in Madison August 3, on the front steps of the City-County Building. " Retrieved 2011-11-03
  34. ^ http://www.elephants.com/tina/tina_articles.php#zoo_seeks_5_19, "I would like to thank The Vancouver Sun, reporters Nicholas Read and Glenn Bohn, members of the Vancouver Humane Society, Zoocheck and local television and radio broadcasters for raising the issue of Tina, the elephant, and for mobilizing such strong support for moving her to Carol Buckley's Elephant Sanctuary near Hohenwald, Tenn. Tina is truly a special friend to all who have worked with her, and her leaving will be a bittersweet occasion for all of us. Although I am not an employee of the zoo, I am the current, contracted veterinarian."
  35. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-11-25/news/0311250229_1_elephant-sanctuary-animal-welfare-act-carol-buckley, "U.S. confiscates ailing elephant", By Jeff Long, Jon Yates contributed to this report, November 25, 2003. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  36. ^ http://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2008/03/13/rip-delhi-the-elephant.aspx, "Delhi was the first elephant confiscation in U.S. history. After an extensive campaign by PETA, the USDA seized Delhi from Hawthorn Corporation and transferred her to The Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee after determining that she was in imminent danger from lack of veterinary care. Delhi had been suffering from abscesses, lesions, osteomyelitis, and severe chemical burns to her feet. " Retrieved 2011-11-03
  37. ^ http://www.mediapeta.com/peta/pdf/Elephant-Incident-List-US-only.pdf, "May 12, 1999/Bethune, South Carolina: Flora, an African elephant with Circus Flora, grabbed a woman with her trunk as she was dismounting from a ride and threw her against a tree three times. The woman was in a body brace for three months with many broken bones and received $468,000 as settlement of a lawsuit."
  38. ^ http://www.all-creatures.org/aip/nl-24dec2002-elephant.html, "Elephant attacks zookeeper" By Jane Sutton MIAMI (Reuters), "A 6,000-pound (2,700 kg) elephant has smashed a rookie zookeeper against a rock pile at Miami's MetroZoo, badly injuring the man in what a zoo spokesman described as an attack to test dominance in the herd....Flora was retired from a circus in 2001. The Miami zoo was caring for her until a sanctuary in South Carolina could take her in early 2003."
  39. ^ http://www.pawsweb.org/surplus.pdf, "FROM ZOO TO CIRCUS: THE STORY OF LOTA", "Elephant keepers know that elephants must be gradually conditioned to do activities, such as loading into a truck, but Lota was given no advance conditioning for the move. Consequently, loading her into the truck that would take her to the Hawthorn facility in Illinois was a disaster. Spectators from the local press related accounts of a chaotic situation in which Lota was beaten into a terrified state and finally, after falling onto her head and trunk more than once, was loaded, bleeding from many wounds, defecating, and urinating blood.", Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  40. ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FRO/is_n1_v131/ai_20190892/, "The elephants' friend; Carol Buckley runs a unique sanctuary for Asian elephants - founder of Elephant Sanctuary near Hohenwald, Tennessee - Profile" by Bill Pryor. "If all goes well, Lota will be able to come to the sanctuary and eventually enjoy the life Tarra, Barbara, and Jenny now have: grazing together, climbing in and out of their creek bed, or peacefully napping in the pasture side by side." Unfortunately it took 6 long years before Lota was rescued. Retrieved 2011-11-04
  41. ^ http://www.jivdaya.org/it_an_elephant_life.html, "http://www.jivdaya.org/it_an_elephant_life.html, "It's an Elephant Life, Lota's Story", Jiv Daya resource Center, "In 1990, zoo officials passed Lota on to the Hawthorn Corporation in Illinois because, like many elephants imprisoned for years, she had become "aggressive." On the day she was forced from the only "home" she had known since infancy, the terrified Lota refused to move and was roped, chained, beaten and dragged from her stall. Witnesses said that blood flowed from the back of the moving truck." Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  42. ^ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-162454.html "USDA Seizes Circus Elephants; Decree Under Animal Welfare Act Settles Charges of Improper Care", BY Marc Kaufman, The Washington Post, March 18, 2004.
  43. ^ http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2008/11/a-second-chance-for-ned-usda-confiscates-emaciated-elephant-from-circus-trainer/, "A Second Chance for Ned: USDA Confiscates Emaciated Elephant From Circus Trainer ", by RaeLeann Smith, November 26, 2008. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  44. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-01-13/news/0501130241_1_elephants-animal-welfare-act-hawthorn-corp . Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  45. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A2956-2004Mar17&notFound=true . "USDA Seizes Circus Elephants Decree Under Animal Welfare Act Settles Charges of Improper Care By Marc Kaufman Washington Post Staff Writer", The Washington Post, Thursday, March 18, 2004; Page A03. "Carol Buckley, the sanctuary's executive director, said she never imagined that the first confiscation would result in stripping Cuneo of his other 16 elephants. 'Nothing like this has happened before,' she said. 'The animal welfare laws here are weak to begin with, and at no other time has USDA actually enforced their laws like this. . . . Clearly, these actions will force elephant owners to be more careful about how they treat their animals.' Although pleased that Cuneo will lose his elephants, Buckley said she is concerned that the USDA will not be able to find new homes for the elephants because at least two of them have tuberculosis. 'Cuneo has made a lot of money on the backs of these animals, and now he's getting rid of them when they're less and less useful to him,' she said. 'Because there is TB in the herd, it's going to be very difficult to find homes for them individually or in some groups. We think they need to remain together as a herd, and that's going to be very hard to do." This article is available for free at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-162454.html Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  46. ^ http://www.mediapeta.com/peta/pdf/Hawthorn-Corporation-pdf.pdf, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Hawthorn Corporation Factsheet – Page 1 of 11 – Updated September 8, 2011 Hawthorn Corporation (Cuneo, John), Summary of each failure to meet minimal federal standards for the care of animals
  47. ^ a b http://www.kerulos.org/about_kerulos/faculty.html#buckley Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  48. ^ http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2008/10/elephants-find-paradise-in-tennessee/ ", Encyclopedia Britannica Advocacy for Animals, Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  49. ^ http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/10/07/Elephant.pdf Retrieved 2011-10-29.
  50. ^ http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2011/02/elephant-refuge-starts-anew-after-founders-firing-.html. "Buckley ran the place from the beginning, but later disagreed with the board of directors over money matters. She also said in a lawsuit that she was ordered by a board member to delay telling a state wildlife agency that one of the elephants tested positive for tuberculosis. The board, many of whom have been with the sanctuary for years, says that it negotiated with Buckley in hopes she would remain with the sanctuary in another position, but that she wouldn't cooperate. She was fired in March and filed a lawsuit seeking $500,000 in damages and visitation rights to see one of the elephants." Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  51. ^ http://kindredspiritus.wordpress.com/2010/10/07/carol-buckley-files-suit-against-elephant-sanctuary-and-board-members/ "Carol Buckley files suit against Elephant Sanctuary and board members" ,By LIZ POTOCSNAK, October 7, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
  52. ^ http://www.elephants.com/newsStory.php?newsID=1313 Retrieved 2011-10-20
  53. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com/elevisions/, "I went to court for Tarra", Retrieved 2011-10-29
  54. ^ http://www.chiangmai-mail.com/w016/news.shtml#hd14, "The Nature of Elephants", By Shana Kongmun , Chaingmai-Mail, Vol. X No.9, April 18-May 3, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  55. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com, "Catalyst for Change : Elephant Aid International", April, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  56. ^ http://www.greenchicafe.com/elephant-aid-internation-newly-launched-ngo. "“Asia is primed for change but, for now, local leaders are unclear how to proceed,” said EAI President and CEO Carol Buckley. “New legislation in India that bans elephants in circuses and zoos, coupled with the requests that EAI has received to assist with educating mahouts in Thailand and Nepal, provides us the opportunity to directly influence the welfare of elephants.” “Not only will EAI help elephants in need,” she added, “the care centers we develop will be a model for a country struggling to develop solutions for its elephant welfare problems.” Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  57. ^ "http://elephantdreaming.wordpress.com/2011/05/06/o-yim-where-art-tou/", "O Yim, Where Art Tou?", by Karl Cullen, May 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  58. ^ http://www.blesele.org/katherines_journal/?page=8. "Katherine's Journal", 30 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  59. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/projectsDetail.php?recordID=2 Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  60. ^ http://www.blesele.org/katherines_journal/?page=8". Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  61. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-12/flora-fauna/28085722_1_cza-delhi-zoo-recognition-of-zoo-rules. "Elephants to be banished from all zoos", by Neha Lalchandani & Deeksha Chopra, TNN, Nov 12, 2009, 01.08am IST. Retrieved 2011-10-18
  62. ^ http://www.wrrcbangalore.org/projects, "Project Captive Elephant", Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  63. ^ http://helpanimalsindia.org/cupa.php, "An elephant named Menaka". "the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre (WRRC), a sister organization of CUPA dedicated to the welfare of wild animals"..."Menaka's gradual adjustment to a nearly natural life has given CUPA the impetus to negotiate with the government for a rescue/care center for elephants in our state of Karnataka. At such a center, some elephants from the zoos could also be admitted for care and rehabilitation. CUPA hopes their vision soon translates into reality. It would serve as a demonstration project for all of India."
  64. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/projectsDetail.php?recordID=5 Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  65. ^ http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=elephants-never-forget, "Fact or Fiction?: Elephants Never Forget", by James Ritchie, January 12, 2009. Scientific American. Retrieved 2011-10-13
  66. ^ http://www.elephantmanagers.com/EMA%20catalog%20through%202008.pdf p. 9. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  67. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com/carolbuckley.php Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  68. ^ http://www.elephantmanagers.com/EMA%20catalog%20through%202008.pdf, P.17. Buckley wrote the lecture and Scott Blais presented it. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  69. ^ http://www.aza.org/Proceedings/ . These PDFs only go back to the year 2004. Viewed 2011-10-11.
  70. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com/carolbuckley.php Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  71. ^ http://elephanttrust.org/sites/elephanttrust.org/old/news_2003.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-11.br>
  72. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com/carolbuckley.php Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  73. ^ http://www.animalsandsociety.org/content/index.php?pid=71. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  74. ^ http://www.carolbuckley.com/carolbuckley.php Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  75. ^ http://tuftsjournal.tufts.edu/archive/2006/june/people/index.shtml . "Paul Waldau, director of the Center for Animals and Public Policy and assistant professor of environmental and population health at the Cummings School, hosted elephant experts from all over the world at the “Symposium on Captive Elephants: Science and Well-Being” April 18-19. The papers presented at the symposium will now be revised and published in book form...." That promised book morphed into another book: Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  76. ^ Animal Rights: What Everyone Needs to Know By Paul Waldau. Oxford University Press, 2011. pp182-183 Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  77. ^ http://www.elephantaidinternational.org/userfiles/Sauraha_Elephants_Foot_Care_Workshop_Nepal_2010.pdf Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  78. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C61ZskxYG4M Retrieved 2011-11-12.
  79. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWmR3-bz5A0, Uploaded by ElephantAidIntl, Nov 14, 2011, Retrieved 2011-11-15



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