Glomar Challenger: Difference between revisions
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[[File:GlomarChallengerBW.JPG|thumb|Glomar Challenger]] |
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The 120m long '''''Glomar Challenger''''' was a [[deep sea research]] and [[scientific drilling]] vessel for [[oceanography]] and [[marine geology]] studies. It was designed by Global Marine Inc. (now [[Transocean]] Inc.) specifically for a long term contract with the American [[National Science Foundation]] and [[University of California]] [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] and built by [[Levingston Shipbuilding Company]] in [[Orange, Texas]].<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www-odp.tamu.edu/glomar.html Ocean Drilling Program: Glomar Challenger drillship<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Launched on March 23, 1968,<ref name=autogenerated1 /> the vessel was owned and operated by the [[GlobalSantaFe Corporation|Global Marine Inc.]] corporation. The ''Glomar Challenger'' was given its name as a tribute to the accomplishments of the oceanographic survey vessel [[HMS Challenger (1858)|HMS ''Challenger'']]. Glomar is a truncation of '''Glo'''bal '''Mar'''ine. |
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== Accomplishments == |
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Starting from August 1968, the ship embarked on a 15 year-long scientific expedition, the [[Deep Sea Drilling Program]], criss-crossing the [[Mid-Atlantic Ridge]] between [[South America]] and [[Africa]] and drilling core samples at specific locations. When the age of the samples was determined by paleontologic and [[isotopic dating]] studies, this provided conclusive evidence for the [[seafloor spreading]] hypothesis, and, consequently, for [[plate tectonics]]. |
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In 1970, when doing research in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] under the supervision of [[Kenneth Hsu]], geologists aboard the vessel brought up drill cores containing [[gypsum]], [[anhydrite]], rock salt, and various other [[evaporite]] minerals that often form from drying of brine or seawater. These were the first solid evidence for the ancient [[desiccation]] of the [[Mediterranean Sea]], the [[Messinian salinity crisis]]. |
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== Scrapping == |
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After being in operation for fifteen years the ''Glomar Challenger'' was taken out of active duty in November 1983 and was later scrapped. Its successor, the ''[[JOIDES Resolution]]'', was launched in 1985. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Mediterranean Sea]] |
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* [[Scientific drilling]] |
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* [[Continental Drift]] |
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* [[GSF Explorer]], formerly USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193) |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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* [[Kenneth Hsu]], ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of the Glomar Challenger'', Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-02406-5; about the campaign that discovered the salt residues under the Mediterranean. |
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== External links == |
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*[http://www-odp.tamu.edu/glomar.html Glomar Challenger: Drillship of the Deep Sea Drilling Project] |
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*[http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_038600_glomarchalle.htm Ships of the World: Glomar Challenger] |
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*[http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/platforms/html/Glomar_Challenger.html USGS CMG Platform (Glomar Challenger) Data & Metadata] |
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[[Category:Research vessels]] |
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[[ja:グローマー・チャレンジャー号]] |
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Revision as of 03:42, 9 May 2012
The 120m long Glomar Challenger was a deep sea research and scientific drilling vessel for oceanography and marine geology studies. It was designed by Global Marine Inc. (now Transocean Inc.) specifically for a long term contract with the American National Science Foundation and University of California Scripps Institution of Oceanography and built by Levingston Shipbuilding Company in Orange, Texas.[1] Launched on March 23, 1968,[1] the vessel was owned and operated by the Global Marine Inc. corporation. The Glomar Challenger was given its name as a tribute to the accomplishments of the oceanographic survey vessel HMS Challenger. Glomar is a truncation of Global Marine.
Accomplishments
Starting from August 1968, the ship embarked on a 15 year-long scientific expedition, the Deep Sea Drilling Program, criss-crossing the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between South America and Africa and drilling core samples at specific locations. When the age of the samples was determined by paleontologic and isotopic dating studies, this provided conclusive evidence for the seafloor spreading hypothesis, and, consequently, for plate tectonics.
In 1970, when doing research in the Mediterranean Sea under the supervision of Kenneth Hsu, geologists aboard the vessel brought up drill cores containing gypsum, anhydrite, rock salt, and various other evaporite minerals that often form from drying of brine or seawater. These were the first solid evidence for the ancient desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea, the Messinian salinity crisis.
Scrapping
After being in operation for fifteen years the Glomar Challenger was taken out of active duty in November 1983 and was later scrapped. Its successor, the JOIDES Resolution, was launched in 1985.
See also
- Mediterranean Sea
- Scientific drilling
- Continental Drift
- GSF Explorer, formerly USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193)
References
Bibliography
- Kenneth Hsu, The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of the Glomar Challenger, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-02406-5; about the campaign that discovered the salt residues under the Mediterranean.
External links
- Glomar Challenger: Drillship of the Deep Sea Drilling Project
- Ships of the World: Glomar Challenger
- USGS CMG Platform (Glomar Challenger) Data & Metadata
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