Dwingeloo 1: Difference between revisions
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The galaxy was, however, first noted as an unremarkable feature on [[Palomar Sky Survey]] plates earlier in the same year, but was not recognized as such.<ref name=Kraan-Korteweg1994>{{cite doi|10.1038/372077a0}}</ref> It was also independently discovered a few weeks later by another team of astronomers working with [[Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope]].<ref name=Huchtmeier1995/> |
The galaxy was, however, first noted as an unremarkable feature on [[Palomar Sky Survey]] plates earlier in the same year, but was not recognized as such.<ref name=Kraan-Korteweg1994>{{cite doi|10.1038/372077a0}}</ref> It was also independently discovered a few weeks later by another team of astronomers working with [[Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope]].<ref name=Huchtmeier1995/> |
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After the discovery Dwingeloo 1 was classified as a [[barred spiral galaxy]]. The distance to it was found to be approximately 3 Mpc. In its overall size and mass the galaxy is comparable to [[Triangulum Galaxy]].<ref name=Kraan-Korteweg1994/> |
After the discovery Dwingeloo 1 was classified as a [[barred spiral galaxy]]. The distance to it was found to be approximately 3 Mpc(Megaparsecs). In its overall size and mass the galaxy is comparable to [[Triangulum Galaxy]].<ref name=Kraan-Korteweg1994/> |
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Dwingeloo 1 was eventually named after the [[Dwingeloo Radio Observatory|25m radio telescope]] in the [[Netherlands]] that was used in the DOGS survey and first detected it.<ref name=Kraan-Korteweg1994/> |
Dwingeloo 1 was eventually named after the [[Dwingeloo Radio Observatory|25m radio telescope]] in the [[Netherlands]] that was used in the DOGS survey and first detected it.<ref name=Kraan-Korteweg1994/> |
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Revision as of 14:36, 22 June 2012
| Dwingeloo 1 | |
|---|---|
.png) WISE infrared image of Dwingeloo 1 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Cassiopeia |
| Right ascension | 02h 56m 51.9s[1] |
| Declination | +58° 54′ 42″[1] |
| Redshift | ~0.001 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 110.3 ± 0.4 km/s[2] |
| Galactocentric velocity | 257 km/s[2] |
| Distance | ~ 10 Mly (~3 Mpc)[3] |
| Group or cluster | IC 342/Maffei |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.08 (V-band)[4] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SB(s)cd[1] |
| Apparent size (V) | 4′.2 × 0′.34[1] |
| Other designations | |
| LEDA 100170, CAS 2[1] | |
Dwingeloo 1 is a barred spiral galaxy about 10 million light-years away from the Earth,[3] in the constellation Cassiopeia. It lies in the Zone of Avoidance and is heavily obscured by the Milky Way. The size and mass of Dwingeloo 1 are comparable to those of Triangulum Galaxy.
Dwingeloo 1 has two smaller satellite galaxies: Dwingeloo 2 and MB 3 and is a member of the IC 342/Maffei Group of galaxies.
Discovery
The Dwingeloo 1 galaxy was discovered in 1994 by the Dwingeloo Obscured Galaxy Survey (DOGS), which searched for neutral hydrogen (HI) radio emissions at the wavelength of 21 cm from objects in the Zone of Avoidance. In this zone gas and dust in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy block the light from the galaxies lying behind it.[5]
The galaxy was, however, first noted as an unremarkable feature on Palomar Sky Survey plates earlier in the same year, but was not recognized as such.[5] It was also independently discovered a few weeks later by another team of astronomers working with Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope.[6]
After the discovery Dwingeloo 1 was classified as a barred spiral galaxy. The distance to it was found to be approximately 3 Mpc(Megaparsecs). In its overall size and mass the galaxy is comparable to Triangulum Galaxy.[5]
Dwingeloo 1 was eventually named after the 25m radio telescope in the Netherlands that was used in the DOGS survey and first detected it.[5]
Distance and group membership
Dwingeloo 1 is a highly obscured galaxy, which makes distance determination a difficult problem. The initial estimate made soon after the discovery and based on the Tully–Fisher relation was about 3 Mpc.[5] Later it was slightly increased to 3.5–4 Mpc.[7]
In 1999 another estimate was published claiming the distance of more than 5 Mpc. It was based on the infrared Tully–Fisher relation.[8] As of 2011 the most likely distance to Dwingeloo 1 is thought to be approximately 3 Mpc based on its likely membership in the IC 342/Maffei group.[3]
Dwingeloo 1 has two smaller satellite galaxies. The first one known as Dwingeloo 2 is an irregular galaxy[2] and the second MB 3 is likely a dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Dwingeloo 1 is a member of the IC 342/Maffei Group of galaxies.[3]
Properties
As a barred spiral galaxy Dwingeloo 1 has a central bar and two distinct spiral arms beginning from the ends of the bar at nearly right angle and wound counterclockwise. The length of the arms is up to 180°.[5] The disk of the galaxy is inclined with respect to the observer with the inclination angle being 50°. The galaxy recedes from the Milky Way at the speed of about 256 km/s.[7]
The visible radius of Dwingeloo 1 is approximately 4.2', which at the distance of 3 Mpc corresponds to about 4 kpc. The neutral hydrogen is detected as far as 6 kpc (7.5') from the center. The total mass of the galaxy within the latter radius is estimated at 31 billion Solar masses.[2] The total mass of the galaxy is about 1/4 that of the Milky Way, out to the measured distance of 6 kpc.[2]
The distribution of the neutral hydrogen in Dwingeloo 1 is typical one for barred spiral galaxies—it is rather flat with a minimum in the center or along the bar.[2] The total mass of the neutral hydrogen is estimated at 370–450 million Solar masses.[5][6] Dwingeloo 1 is a molecular gas-poor galaxy. The total mass of the molecular hydrogen does not exceed 10% of that of neutral hydrogen.[9] Optical observations detected around 15 H II regions situated mainly along the spiral arms.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Dwingeloo 1. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
- ^ a b c d e f Burton, W.B. (1996). "Neutral hydrogen in the nearby galaxies Dwingeloo 1 and Dwingeloo 2". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 309: 687–701. arXiv:astro-ph/9511020. Bibcode:1996A&A...309..687B.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1086/426368, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1086/426368instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1086/313255, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1086/313255instead. - ^ a b c d e f g Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/372077a0, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1038/372077a0instead. - ^ a b Huchtmeier, W.K. (1995). "Two new possible members of the IC342-Maffei1/2 group of galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 293L: L33–L36. Bibcode:1995A&A...293L..33H.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Loan, A.J. (1996). "Optical observations of Dwingeloo 1, a nearby barred spiral galaxy behind the Milky Way". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 280: 537–549. Bibcode:1996MNRAS.280..537L.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1086/300986, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1086/300986instead. - ^ Kuno, Nario (1996). "CO Observations of a Galaxy behind the Galactic Plane, Dwingeloo 1". Publ. of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 48: 19–22.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
External links