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==Victims==
==Victims==
As result of the attack and the ensuing two-hour shootout, 9 people were killed, and 72 were wounded.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/09/world/death-toll-rises-9-turkish-airport-attack-fatally-injured-american-woman.html?scp=3&sq=esenboga&st=cse The New York Times, August 9, 1982. Death toll rises to 9 in Turkish airport attack.]</ref> The dead included three Turkish police officers, three Turkish passengers and airport personnel, an American woman, and a West German engineer. The [[US State Department]] confirmed that Jean Bosworth of Falmouth was killed by a bullet in the back and her husband, D.F. Bosworth, was seriously wounded. Ankara hospital officials said both were in their 60s.<ref>[[Boston Globe]], August 9, 1982. Toll 9 dead, 71 wounded in Ankara airport attack.</ref>
As result of the attack and the ensuing two-hour shootout, 9 people were killed, and 72 were wounded.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/09/world/death-toll-rises-9-turkish-airport-attack-fatally-injured-american-woman.html?scp=3&sq=esenboga&st=cse The New York Times, August 9, 1982. Death toll rises to 9 in Turkish airport attack.]</ref> The dead included three Turkish police officers, three Turkish passengers and airport personnel, an American woman, and a West German engineer.


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Revision as of 20:42, 30 June 2012

Esenboğa International Airport attack
LocationEsenboğa International Airport, Ankara, Turkey
Coordinates40°07′41″N 032°59′42″E / 40.12806°N 32.99500°E / 40.12806; 32.99500
Date7 August 1982
16:00 – 19:00 (EEST)
TargetCivilians
Attack type
Bombing, shooting
Deaths9
Injured72
PerpetratorsArmenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia

The Esenboğa International Airport attack was an attack on Esenboğa International Airport in Ankara, Turkey, perpetrated by the "Pierre Gulumian commando" group[1] from the Armenian militant organization ASALA on August 7, 1982.[2]

The bombing killed 9 people and injured some 72.

Background

Esenboğa International Airport is located 28 km (17 mi) northeast of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. It has been operating since 1955.

Attack

The attack was carried out by Zohrab Sarkissian and Levon Ekmekjian (Ekmekdjian, Ekmekçiyan), who exploded a bomb in the middle of the crowded check-in area at Ankara's Esenboğa Airport, and then opened fire with submachine guns on passport-control officers and passengers, going through passport control for a KLM flight. The witnesses said that one of the perpetrators had kept firing at the fleeing passengers while shouting, "More than a million of us died, what does it matter if 25 of you die?"[3]

Then the gunmen ran into the cafeteria, and took 20 people hostage there. Security forces rushed into the cafeteria, killing Sarkissian and wounding and arresting Ekmekjian.

Victims

As result of the attack and the ensuing two-hour shootout, 9 people were killed, and 72 were wounded.[4] The dead included three Turkish police officers, three Turkish passengers and airport personnel, an American woman, and a West German engineer.

Dead by country
Country Dead
 Turkey 7
 West Germany 1
 United States 1
Total 9

Responsibility

ASALA claimed responsibility for the attack in a phone call and a communique delivered to the Associated Press office in Beirut, and said that it was a protest against "the Turkish fascist occupation of our land." The ASALA statement said that the responsibility for "the innocent victims" of the Ankara airport attack was "on the shoulders of the enemies of peaceful peoples: the Turkish Government, NATO and the United States." They also warned of further attacks in various Western countries unless 85 Armenians imprisoned in those countries were freed within seven days.

When Levon Ekmekjian was told by Turkish police that the gunmen had succeeded in killing nine people and wounding 72 others, he cried out furiously, "It wasn't enough!"[5] However, during the trial by Ankara martial law command military court he said: "I came here motivated by a belief. However, after this incident, I understand how ridiculous and wrong that belief was."[6]

Ekmekjian was found guilty of carrying out armed action with the aim of separating the whole or part of the state territory and placing it under the sovereignty of another state and sentenced to death on 7 September 1982.[7]

While in prison, Ekmekjian wrote a letter, in which he expressed his remorse about killing innocent people and admonished other ASALA members to give up violence.[8][9]

His appeal of the sentence was declined, and he was hanged on 29 January 1983.[10][11]

Domestic response

Political

President Kenan Evren issued a decree for the elimination of ASALA, while Prime Minister Bülend Ulusu condemned the attack.

Apolitical

Armenian Patriarch of Istanbul condemned the attack with a declaration.[citation needed]

Artin Penik, a Turk of Armenian descent, set himself on fire in protest of this attack on 10 August 1982 in Taksim Square, Istanbul.[12][13][14][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Contemporary problems of international law, By Georg Schwarzenberger, Bin Cheng, Edward Duncan Brown, 1988, p. 27
  2. ^ United States Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Significant Incidents of Political Violence Against Americans.
  3. ^ The New York Times, August 8, 1982. 6 killed in attack in Ankara airport
  4. ^ The New York Times, August 9, 1982. Death toll rises to 9 in Turkish airport attack.
  5. ^ Time, August 23, 1982. A Cry for Bloody Vengeance
  6. ^ BBC, September 9, 1982. Armenian Terrorist Sentenced to Death.
  7. ^ BBC, September 9, 1982. Armenian Terrorist Sentenced to Death.
  8. ^ Rand Corporation. Trends in International Terrorism, 1982 and 1983.
  9. ^ BBC, September 13, 1982. Armenian Terrorist's Letter: Turks "Not Our Enemies".
  10. ^ BBC, February 2, 1983. Armenian terrorist executed in Turkey.
  11. ^ The New York Times, January 30, 1983. Turkey Executes 5, Including an Armenian.
  12. ^ Oran, Baskın (2006-12-17). "The Reconstruction of Armenian Identity in Turkey and the Weekly Agos (Interview with Hrant Dink)". Nouvelles d'Armenie. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  13. ^ "Armenian Issue: Chronology". Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2007-02-21. [dead link]
  14. ^ "He was an Armenian: Artin Penik". Turkish Journal. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  15. ^ "Armenian Dies from Self-Inflicted Burns". Associated Press. 1982-08-15.
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