List of Sinhala words of Portuguese origin: Difference between revisions
→The borrowing process: request dab for Hull |
|||
Line 356: | Line 356: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|pīttaya || පීත්තය || Ribbon || fita || Ribbon || Clothing |
|pīttaya || පීත්තය || Ribbon || fita || Ribbon || Clothing |
||
|- |
|||
|poloiyya || || [[Flounce]] || folho || Flounce || Daily |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|pōranuwa || පෝරණුව || Oven, kiln || forno || Oven || Daily |
|pōranuwa || පෝරණුව || Oven, kiln || forno || Oven || Daily |
Revision as of 12:06, 7 July 2012
Note: For information on the transcription used, see National Library at Calcutta romanization. Exception from the standard are the romanization of Sinhala long "ä" ([æː]) as "ää", and the non-marking of prenasalized stops.
Sinhala words of Portuguese origin came about during the period of Portuguese colonial rule in Sri Lanka between 1505–1658. This period saw rapid absorption of many Portuguese words into the local language brought about by the interaction between Portuguese colonials and the Sinhalese people, mainly in the coastal areas of the island. A wide variety of words were adopted from administrative terms to military terms, which reveals several points of contact between the two groups. In addition to influences on language, the Portuguese introduced the Catholic religion to Sri Lanka, various forms of western clothing and also contributed to the formation of Baila, a Sri Lankan form of music.
Types of loanwords
- Borrowings
The words pertaining to the fields of commerce, administration, botany, food and military are the most numerous; this is to be expected because of many new new innovations and goods that reached Sri Lanka via the Portuguese.
However it is important to note that the range of borrowings goes beyond the scope to be expected for a situation where two neighbouring peoples exchange material goods: Firstly, there are many Portuguese loanwords pertaining to everyday and social life (kinship terms, ordinary activities etc.); secondly, many lexical words (nouns, adjectives and verbs) have also been borrowed.
The borrowing process
Portuguese loanwords in Sinhala rarely appear in the same form as the original word, the vast majority of them having undergone naturalization. Usually, a word has undergone some kind of modification to fit into the Sinhala phonological (e.g. bandeja becomes bandesiya because the sound of the Portuguese /j/, does not exist in the Sinhala phoneme inventory) or morphological system (e.g. lenço becomes lensuva because Sinhala inanimate nouns (see grammatical gender) need to end with /a/, [ə], in order to be declineable).
These are the main ways Portuguese words are incorporated into the Sinhala lexicon with different endings:
- With an /ma/ or /na/ or /va/ added to Portuguese words ending in /o/ (e.g. gancho > gāncuva).
- With an /aya/ or /uva/ added to Portuguese words ending in consonants (e.g. lençol > lensōluva).
- With a /ya/ added to words ending in /a/ or /e/ or /i/ (e.g. diamante > diyamantiya).
- With the animate ending /yā/ or /vā/ added to Portuguese words signifying living beings or (e.g. burro > būruvā).
Adjectives that end in vowels are generally preserved in the original form.
There are over 100 words in the following list.
Sinhala | සිංහල | Meaning | Portuguese | Meaning | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
āyā | ආයා | Dry nurse | aia | Nurse | Daily |
äbäärtuva | ඇබෑර්තුව | Vacancy | aberto | Open, Vacant | Trade |
äänduru | ඈඳුරු | Dill | endro | Dill | Food |
agōstu | අගෝස්තු | August | Agosto | August | Daily |
akol | අකොල් | akol | álcool | Alcohol | Daily |
alavaṃguva | අලවංගුව | Crow-bar | alavanca | Lever | Daily |
almāriya | අල්මාරිය | Almirah, wardrobe | armário | Wardrobe, Cabinet | Daily |
āmā | ආමා | Wet nurse | ama | Nurse | Daily |
alpenetta | ඇල්පෙනිත්ත | Pin | alfinete | Pin | Daily |
alugōsuvā | අලුගෝසුවා | Executioner | algoz | Executioner | Administration |
amandäl/mandäl | අමන්දැල් | Almond | amêndoa | Almond | Food |
amēsi | අමේසි | Plum | ameixa | Plum | Fruit |
anjuvā | අන්ජුවා | Angel | anjo | Angel | Daily |
annāsi | අන්නාසි | Pineapple | ananás | Pineapple | Fruit |
arumōsam | අරුමෝසම් | Decorative, fancy | armação | Setting, Truss | Daily |
avāna | අවාන | Fan | abano | Fan | Daily |
avel (aeṭaya) | අවෙල් | hazel (nut) | avelã | hazelnut | Food |
bankōtiya | බංකෝතිය | Banquet | banqueta | Banquet | Daily |
bolot | බොලොත් | Acorn | bolota | Acorn | Daily |
bāldiya | බාල්දිය | Bucket | balde | Bucket | Daily |
bambuva | බම්බුව | Bamboo, 'bullcrap' | bambu | Bamboo | Daily |
bankalot | බංකලොත් | Bankruptcy | bancarrota | Bankruptcy | Daily |
baṃkuva | බංකුව | Bench | banco | Bench | Daily |
bandēsiya | බන්දේසිය | Tray | bandeja | Tray | Daily |
bastama | බස්තම | Walking stick | bastão | Stick | Daily |
bāsu | බාසු | Dim | baço | Dim | Daily |
battala | බත්තල | Lighter | batelão | Lighter | Daily |
bayinettuva | බයිනෙත්තුව | Bayonet | baioneta | Bayonet | Military |
bēbaddā, bebeyā | බේබද්දා | Drunkard | bêbado | Drunkard | Daily |
bīraluva | බිරළුව | Bobbin | bilro | Bobbin | Daily |
bispuvā | බිස්පුවා | Bishop | bispo | Drunkard | Daily |
bōnikkā | බෝනික්කා | Doll | boneca | Doll | Daily |
bora | බොර | Dreg | borra | Dreg | Daily |
bōrdaya | බෝර්දය | Border | borda | Brim, Border | Daily |
bostāduva | බොස්තාදුව | Slap | bofetada | Slap | Daily |
bottama | බොත්තම | Button | botão | Button | Daily |
bula | බුල | Bullet | bala | Bullet | Military |
būliya | බූලිය | Round jar | bule | Teapot | Daily |
būruvā | බූරුවා | Donkey | burro | Donkey | Animal |
būsi | බූසි | Wad | bucha | Wad | Military |
cinēlaya | චිනේලය | Slipper | chinela | Slipper | Clothing |
dāduva | දාදුව | Dice | dado | Dice | Daily |
dāta | දාත | Date | data | Date | Daily |
didālaya | දිදාලය | Thimble | dedal | Thimble | Daily |
diyamantiya | දියමන්තිය | Diamond | diamante | Diamond | Daily |
don | දොන් | Sir/Lord | dona | Sir/Lord | Daily |
dōnā | දෝනා | Dame | dona | Dame | Daily |
dōsi | දෝසි | Type of sweet | doce | Sweet | Daily |
dusima | Dozen | duzia | Dozen | Daily | |
emōsiya | එමෝසිය | Emotion | emoção | Emotion | Daily |
ēra | ඒර | Ivy | hera | Ivy | Bottanical |
esmeri | එස්මෙරි | emery | esmeril | Emery | Daily |
esmuva | එස්මුව | a Guess | esmo | Random | Daily |
espāciya | එස්පාචිය | Corset | espartilho | Corset | Daily |
espētuva | එස්පේතුව | Roasting spit | espeto | Spit | Daily |
espiyā | එස්පියා | Spy | espião | Spy | Daily |
galappattiya | ගලප්පත්තිය | Caulking | Calafetagem | Caulking | Daily |
gāncuva | ගාන්චුව | Hook (of a belt, bracelet) | gancho | Hook | Daily |
garādiya | ගරාදිය | Window grill | grade | Grill | Daily |
gāstuva | ගාස්තුව | Fee | gasto | Expense | Daily |
gääruppuva | ගෑරප්පුව | Fork | garfo | Fork | Daily |
gorōsu | ගොරෝසු | Coarse | grosso | Thick | Descriptive |
gōvaa | ගෝවා | Cabbage | couve | Cabbage, Sprouts | Food |
hōrāva | හෝරාව | Hour | hora | Hour | Daily |
jēmis | ජේමිස් | James | jaime | James | Proper Name |
intēru | ඉන්තේරු | Entire | inteiro | Entire | Daily |
iskōlaya | ඉස්කෝලය | School | escola | School | Daily |
ispāsuva | ඉස්පාසුව | Space | espaço | Space | Daily |
janēlaya | ජනේලය | Window | janela | Window | Construction |
kabāya | කබාය | Coat | capa | Cloak | Daily |
kabuk | Laterite | Cabouco | Laterite | Daily | |
kābuva | කාබුව | Cable | Cabo | Cable | Daily |
kaisa | කයිස | Platform | cais | Platform | Daily |
kaju | කජු | Cashew | caju | Cashew | Food |
kandalēruva | කඳලේරුව | Chandelier | candelabro | Chandelier | Daily |
kaldērama | කල්දේරම | Cauldron | caldeirão | Cauldron | Daily |
kaldu | කල්දු | Broth | caldo | Broth | Food |
kalisama | කලිසම | Pants | calção | Shorts | Clothing |
kamisaya | කමිසය | Shirt | camisa | Shirt | Daily |
kappādu | Castrated | gapado | Gelding | Daily | |
kappittā, kappitiyā, kapiyā | කප්පිත්තා | Captain | Capitão | Captain | Daily |
kāpiri | කාපිරි | African (origin) | cafre | Kaffir | Daily |
kavalāru | කවලාරු | Cavalier | cavaleiro | Cavalier | Food |
karadamungu | කරදමුංගු | Cardamom | cardamomo | Cardamom | Food |
karadāsi, kaḍadaāsi | කරදාසි | Paper | cartaz | Card | Daily |
karattaya | කරත්තය | Carriage, Cart | carreta | Carriage | Daily |
kasādaya | කසාදය | Marriage | casada | Married | Daily |
kasādaya | කසාදය | Marriage | casada | Married | Daily |
kāskuva | කතියා | Hull[disambiguation needed] | casco | Hull | Daily |
katiyā | කතියා | Slave, captive | cativa | Captive | Daily |
kayila | කයිල | Peg | cavilha | Peg | Daily |
kendiya | කෙන්දිය | Candle | candeia | Lamp | Daily |
kēju | කේජු | Cheese | queijo | Cheese | Food |
kēntiya | කේන්තිය | Anger | quente | Hot | Daily |
kīliya | කීලිය | keel | quilha | keel | Daily |
kompāsuva | Compass | compasso | Compass | Daily | |
kōndēsiya | කොන්දේසිය | Condition | condição | Condition | Daily |
kōntaraya | කෝන්තරය | Grudge | contra | Against | Daily |
koral | කොරල් | Coral | coral | Coral | Daily |
kusima | කුසිම | Cushion | coxim | Cushion | Daily |
kosuva | කොසුව | Trough | cocho | Trough | Daily |
kōvaya | කෝවය | Pipe | cova | Pipe | Daily |
kuluna | කුලුන | column | coluna | Trough | Military |
kūññaya | කූඤ්ඤය | Wedge | cunha | Wedge | Daily |
kurusaya | කුරුසය | Cross | cruz | Cross | Religious |
kussiya | කුස්සිය | Kitchen | cozinha | Kitchen | Daily |
lasariya | ලසරිය | Flourish/ornamentation | laçaria | Flourish | Daily |
landēsi | ලන් | Dutch | Hollandez | Dutch | Administration |
lansaya | ලන්සය | Lance | lança | Lance | Military |
lantääruma | ලන්තෑරුම | Lantern | lanterna | Lantern | Daily |
lāpila | ලාපිල | Lapel | lapela | Lapel | Clothing |
lēndi | ලෙන්ඩි | Nit | lêndea | Nit | Daily |
lensōluva | ලෙන්සෝලුව | Bedsheet | lençol | Bedsheet | Daily |
lēnsuva | ලේන්සුව | Handkerchief | lenço | Handkerchief | Clothing |
lingusa, linguyisa | ලිංගුස | Sausage | lingüiça | Sausage | Food |
lisa | ලිස | List | liça | List | Daily |
liyal | ලියල් | Loyal | leal | Loyal | Daily |
lusa | ලුස | Light | luz | Light | Daily |
lusiya | ලුසියා | Lucy | Lúcia | Lucy | Proper Name |
mantuva | මාන්තුව | Cloak | manto | Mantle | Clothing |
madiriññā | මාදිරිඤ්ඤා | Godmother | Madrinha | Godmother | Daily |
mamol | මමොල් | Marble | mármore | Marble | Daily |
mantaya | Blanket | manta | Blanket | Fruit | |
mantēga | මන්තේග | Butter | manteiga | Butter | Daily |
manyokkā | මන්යෝක්කා | Manioc | Mandioca | manioc | Daily |
mariyā | මරියා | Mary | Maria | Mary | Proper Name |
masan | මසන් | Apple | maçã | Apple | Fruit |
mēs | මේස් | Socks | meias | Socks | Daily |
mēsaya | මේසය | Table | mesa | Table | Daily |
mīsama | Mission | missão | Mission | Daily | |
mūnissama | මූනිස්සම | Munition | munição | Munition | Military |
nābu | නාබු | Turnip | nabo | turnip | Food |
nattala | නත්තල | Christmas | natal | Christmas | Religious |
nōnā | නෝනා | Lady | dona | Lady | Daily |
nōs | නෝස් | Nutmeg | noz | nutmeg | Food |
notīsiya | නොතීසිය | Notice | noticia | Notice | Administration |
olam | ඔලම් | Elm | olmo | Elam | Botannical |
oliva | ඔලිව | Olive | oliva | Olive | Food |
ōlanda | ඕලන්ද | Holland | Hollanda | Holland | Administration |
ostensōriya | Monstrance | Ostensório | Monstrance | daily | |
pādiliyā | පාදිලියා | Father | padre | Father | Daily |
pagāva | පගාව | Pay/Salary | paga | Pay/Salary/Wages | Administration |
pān | පාන් | Bread | pão | Bread | |
paraisuva | පරයිසුව | paradise | paraíso | Paradise | Daily |
pāskuva | පාස්කුව | Easter | Páscoa | Easter | Religious |
pāttayā | පාත්තයා | Goose | pata | duck | Daily |
padiriññā | පාදිරිඤ්ඤා | Godfather | padrinho | Godfather | Daily |
painēruva | පයිනේරුවා | Pioneer | pioneiro | Pioneer | Daily |
pastääla | පස්තෑල | Pie | pastelão | Pastry | Food |
pedarēruvā | පෙදරේරුවා | Mason | pedreiro | Mason | Daily |
penēraya | පෙනේරය | Sieve | peneira | Sieve | Daily |
peragam | පෙරගම් | Banns | proclamas | Banns | Daily |
perakadōruvā | පෙරකදෝරුවා | Proctor | procurador | Proctor | Daily |
perakalāsiya | පෙරකලාසිය | Warrant of Attorney, proxy | procuração | Proxy | Daily |
perōla | පෙරෝල | Pearl | Pérola | Pearl | Daily |
pigura | පිගුර | Figure | Figura | Fiver | Daily |
pikama | පිකම | Pickaxe | picão | Pickaxe | Military |
pinu | පිනු | Pine | pinho | Pine | Botannical |
pintāruva | පින්තාරුව | Painting | pintura | Painting, Picture | Daily |
pintūraya | පින්තූරය | Picture | pintura | Painting, Picture | Daily |
pīkudu | පීකුදු | Liver (of animals) | figado | Liver | Daily |
pīppaya | පීප්පය | Cask/Barrel | pipa | Cask | Daily |
pipiññā | පිපිඤ්ඤා | Cucumber | pepino | Cucumber | Food |
pistōlaya | පිස්තෝලය | Pistol | pistola | Pistol | Army |
pīrisiya | පීරිසිය | Saucer | pires | Saucer | Daily |
pīttaya | පීත්තය | Ribbon | fita | Ribbon | Clothing |
poloiyya | Flounce | folho | Flounce | Daily | |
pōranuwa | පෝරණුව | Oven, kiln | forno | Oven | Daily |
pōrtaya | පොර්තය | Porthole | porto | Door | Daily |
prāskuva | ප්රාස්කුව | Flask | frasco | Flask | Daily |
puliya | පුලිය | Pulley | polia | Pulley | Daily |
punīlaya | පුනීලය | Funnel | funil | Funnel | Daily |
rābu | රාබු | Radish | rábano | Radish | Food |
raivaya | රයිවය | Anger | raiva | Anger | Daily |
rancuva | Herd, group | rancho | Daily | ||
rāttala | රාත්තල | Pound (measurement) | arrátel | Pound | Daily |
rēndaya | රේන්දය | Lace | renda | Lace | Clothing |
rōdaya | රෝදය | Wheel | roda | Wheel | Daily |
rōmānu | රෝමානු | Roman | romano | Roman | Daily |
rōsa | රෝස | Rose, Pink | rosa | Rose, Pink | Daily |
rūbiya | රූබිය | Ruby | rubi | Ruby | Daily |
rulan | Semolina | rulao | Semolina | Food | |
rusu | රුසු | Grey | ruço | Grey | Daily |
saban | සබන් | Soap | sabão | Soap | Daily |
sakōla | සී | Satchel | sacola | Satchel | Daily |
sākkuva | සාක්කුව | saco | Sack | Daily | |
salādaya | සලාදය | Salad | salada | Salad | Food |
sāntu | සාන්තු | Holy | santo | Holy | Daily |
santuvāriya | Sanctuary | santuário | Sanctuary | Daily | |
sapatēruvā | සපතේරුවා | Shoemaker | sapateiro | Shoemaker | Food |
sapattuva | සපත්තුව | Shoe | sapato | Shoe | Clothing |
sarampa | සරම්ප | Measles | sarampo | Measles | Daily |
saruvāla | Pyjama | ceroilas | Pants | Daily | |
sātan | Satan | Satan | Satan | Daily | |
setim | සෙතිම් | Satin | cetim | Satin | Clothing |
sāvāla | සාවාල | sável | sabão | Shad | Daily |
sāvōdiya | සවෝදිය | a Toast saude | health | Daily | |
sāya | සාය | Skirt | saia | Skirt | Clothing |
sēda | සේද | silk | seda | silk | Clothing |
senil | සේනිල් | senile | senil | senile | Daily |
sēriyā | සේරියා | mermaid | sereia | mermaid | Daily |
säsiya | සැසිය | session | sessão | session | Daily |
sidādiya | සිදාදිය | City | cidade | City | Administration |
silima | සිලිම | Shilling | xelim | Shilling | Daily |
sinyō | සින්යෝ | Sir | senhor | Sir | Daily |
simenti | සිමෙන්ති | Cement | cimento | Cement | Daily |
sinsēruva | සින්සේරුව | ashtray | cizeiro | ashtray | Daily |
sintuva | සින්තුව | Belt | cinto | belt | Daily |
sīnuva | සීනුව | Bell | sino | Bell | Daily |
siññō | සිඤ්ඤෝ | Sir | senhor | Sir | Daily |
sitāsi | සිතාසි | Summons | citação | Monition | Administration |
sokolat | Chocolate | Food | |||
soldāduvā | සොල්දාදුවා | Soldier | soldado | Soldier | Military |
stōlaya | Stole | estola | Stole | Daily | |
sumānaya | සුමානය | Week | semana | Week | Daily |
sumāsu | සුමාසු | Padding | chumaço | Wadding | Military |
sukiri | සූකිරි | Sugar | açúcar | Sugar | Food |
tācciya | තාච්චිය | Frying pan | tacho | Pan | Daily |
tambōruwa | තම්බෝරුව | Tambourine | tambor | Drum | Daily |
täbääruma | තැබෑරුම | Tavern | taverna | Tavern | Daily |
tampuva | Envelope | tampo | Cover | Daily | |
tapa | තප | Slap | tapa | Slap | Daily |
täva | තැව | Tower | torre | Tower | Daily |
tapēsiya | තපේසිය | Carpet | tapete | Carpet | Daily |
tasa | තස | Cup | taça | Cup | Daily |
tāppaya | තාප්පය | Parapet wall | taipa | Parapet wall | Daily |
testamēntuva | තෙස්තමේන්තුව | Testament | testamento | Testament | Daily |
tōntuva | තෝන්තුව | dizziness | tonto | dizzy | Daily |
toppiya | තොප්පිය | hat | topo | Cap | Clothing |
tīnta | තීන්ත | Ink, paint | tinta | Ink, paint | Daily |
tiringu | තිරිඟු | Wheat | trigo | Wheat | Food |
tīruva | තීරුව | Customs duty | tiro | Customs | Administration |
tōmbuva | තෝම්බුව | Register | tombo | Register | Administration |
tuvāya | තුවාය | Towel | toalha | Towel | Daily |
vala | වළ | Pit | vala | Ditch | Military |
ventu | වෙන්තු | Windy | vento | Wind | Daily |
vestiya | වෙස්තිය | Waistcoat | vestia | Waistcoat | Daily |
vindima | වින්දිම | Vintage | vindima | Vintage | Daily |
villuda | විල්ලුද | Velvet | veludo | Velvet | Daily |
vinākiri | විනාකිරි | Vinegar | vinagre | Vinegar | Food |
vīduruva | වීදුරුව | Glass | vidro | Glass | Daily |
visita | විසිත | Visit | visita | Visit | Daily |
viskōtuva | විස්කෝතුව | Biscuit | biscoito | Biscuit | Food |
viola | Guitar | violão | Guitar | Music |
Proper Names
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chaminda_Vaas.jpg/220px-Chaminda_Vaas.jpg)
Many Sinhalese adopted Portuguese names, especially surnames. Some are very common (e.g Perera, De Silva). The names, however, do not necessarily denote Portuguese ancestry or religious affiliation, with many Buddhist Sinhalese having Portugese-origin surnames.
Sri Lankan Form | සිංහල | Portuguese |
---|---|---|
Cabral | කබ්රාල් | Cabral |
Corea | කෝරියා | Correia |
Croos | ක්රූස් | Cruz |
De Abrew | ද අබ්රිව් | Abreu |
De Alwis | ද අල්විස් | Alves |
De Mel | ද මෙල් | Melo |
De Saram | Serra | |
De Silva, Silva | ද සිල්වා, සිල්වා | Da Silva |
Dias | දිඅස් | Dias |
Fonseka | ෆොන්සේකා | Fonseca |
Fernando | ප්රනාන්දු | Fernandes |
Gomes | ගෝමෙස් | Gomes |
Gonsalkorale | ගොන්සල් කෝරලේ | Gonçalves |
Mendis | මෙන්ඩිස් | Mendes |
Perera | පෙරේරා | Pereira |
Peiris | පීරිස් | Peres |
Rodrigo | රොද්රිගෝ | Rodrigues |
Vaas | වාස් | Vaz |
See also
External links