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Khibiny Mountains: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 67°44′05″N 33°43′34″E / 67.73472°N 33.72611°E / 67.73472; 33.72611
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The '''Khibiny Massif''', '''Khibiny Mountains''', '''Khibinsky Mountains''' or '''Khibins''', '''Khibinsky tundras''', '''Khibiny''' ({{lang-ru|Хиби́ны}} {{IPA-ru|xʲiˈbʲinɨ|}}) is one of the two main [[mountain range]]s of the [[Kola Peninsula]], [[Russia]], within the [[Arctic Circle]], located between Imandra and Umbozero lakes.
The '''Khibiny Massif''', '''Khibiny Mountains''', '''Khibinsky Mountains''' or '''Khibins''', '''Khibinsky tundras''', '''Khibiny''' ({{lang-ru|Хиби́ны}} {{IPA-ru|xʲiˈbʲinɨ|}}) is one of the two main [[mountain range]]s of the [[Kola Peninsula]], [[Russia]], within the [[Arctic Circle]], located between [[Imandra Lake|Imandra]] and [[Umbozero Lake|Umbozero]] lakes.


The massif is of oval shape of about 1,300 km<sup>2</sup>. and occupies the central part of the peninsula at a relative elevation of 900-1000 m above the surrounding plain. The mountains are not particularly high; the two highest peaks are the Yudytchvumtchchorr, which stands {{convert|1201|m|ft}}, and the Chasnachorr, which stands {{convert|1191|m|ft}}.<ref name=khi1>{{cite web|url=http://www.free-lance.ru/users/katrin_hunter/upload/fileZR5Y0a.doc|title=Khibinsky Mountains|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> The average elevation is {{convert|1116|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russiadiscovery.com/russia/5306/6074.html|title=The Khibiny (Khibinsky tundras)|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> The mountains form the shape of a horseshoe topped by a high [[plateau]], drained by a series of deep canyons. The peaks are of [[plateau]] type, with steep slopes, with [[glacier]]s, [[icefield]]s and [[snowfield]]s in some places. The overall terrain is [[alpine tundra]].
The massif is of oval shape of about 1,300 km<sup>2</sup>. and occupies the central part of the peninsula at a relative elevation of 900-1000 m above the surrounding plain. The mountains are not particularly high; the two highest peaks are the [[Yudytchvumtchchorr]], which stands {{convert|1201|m|ft}}, and the [[Chasnachorr]], which stands {{convert|1191|m|ft}}.<ref name=khi1>{{cite web|url=http://www.free-lance.ru/users/katrin_hunter/upload/fileZR5Y0a.doc|title=Khibinsky Mountains|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> The average elevation is {{convert|1116|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russiadiscovery.com/russia/5306/6074.html|title=The Khibiny (Khibinsky tundras)|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> The mountains form the shape of a horseshoe topped by a high [[plateau]], drained by a series of deep canyons. The peaks are of [[plateau]] type, with steep slopes, with [[glacier]]s, [[icefield]]s and [[snowfield]]s in some places. The overall terrain is [[alpine tundra]].


About 5&nbsp;km from the easternmost point of Khibins, the second massif, [[Lovozero Massif]] is situated. They are one of two major mountain ranges, the Khibinsky and [[Lovozero Tundras|Lovozero]], on the peninsula.<ref name=khi2>{{cite web|url=http://microscopeforpolarization.com/microscope-for-polarization/mineral-number-27-4/|title=Mineral Number 27-4|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref>
The second, and similar mountain range of the Kola Peninsula, the [[Lovozero Tundras]], is located about 5&nbsp;km east from the easternmost point of Khibiny.<ref name=khi2>{{cite web|url=http://microscopeforpolarization.com/microscope-for-polarization/mineral-number-27-4/|title=Mineral Number 27-4|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref>


⚫
The Khibiny range is extremely rich in minerals, mainly [[apatite]] and [[nepheline]] ores. 477 valid minerals have been reported and 108 of those are [[Type locality (geology)|type localities]] or minerals first described in the Khibiny.<ref>http://www.mindat.org/loc-2680.html Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia, Mindat.org</ref> The range is also seismically active.
The massif is seismically active.


⚫
Khibiny mountains are mostly uninhabited, except for one of the world's richest mineral quarries. One of the minerals discovered there is reported to have a potential as a nuclear waste radioactivity absorbant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=389x3204624z=view_all&address=389x3204624|title=Safe Nuclear Dump discovered- April 24, 2008|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> By the foot of the massif the cities of [[Apatity]] and [[Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast|Kirovsk]] are situated.
⚫
The massif is extremely rich in various minerals, mainly [[apatite]] and [[nepheline]] ores. 477 valid minerals have been reported and 108 of those are [[Type locality (geology)|type localities]] or minerals first described in the Khibiny.<ref>http://www.mindat.org/loc-2680.html Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia, Mindat.org</ref>

⚫
The Khibinskys are mostly uninhabited, except for one of the world's richest mineral quarries, with approximately 10% of all new minerals discovered there, including one that can potentially absorb radioactivity from nuclear waste.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=389x3204624z=view_all&address=389x3204624|title=Safe Nuclear Dump discovered- April 24, 2008|accessdate=2009-02-16}}</ref> By the foot of the massif the cities of [[Apatity]] and [[Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast|Kirovsk]] are situated.


==Geography==
==Geography==
The Khibinsky Mountains lie within the [[Kolsky Peninsula]], a large [[peninsula]] extending from northern [[Russia]] into the [[Barents Sea|Barents]] and [[White Sea|White]] seas. The total land area of the peninsula is approximately {{convert|100000|km2|mi2}}. It is found to be rich in minerals due to the removal of a layer of soil during the last [[ice age]].<ref name=khi2/>
The Khibiny Mountains lie within the [[Kola Peninsula]], a large [[peninsula]] extending from northern [[Russia]] into the [[Barents Sea|Barents]] and [[White Sea|White]] seas. The total land area of the peninsula is approximately {{convert|100000|km2|mi2}}. It is rich in minerals due to the removal of a layer of soil during the last [[ice age]].<ref name=khi2/>


===Climate===
===Climate===
The Khibinskys have an Arctic-moderate climate, with an average [[winter]] [[temperature]] of −5&nbsp;°C (23&nbsp;°F). However, the temperature can potentially drop to −30&nbsp;°C (−22&nbsp;°F) during the night. The [[Gulf Stream]], which brings warmer water to the Kolsky Peninsula from the north, moderates the climate, making it slightly warmer than other Arctic regions.<ref name=khi1/>
Khibiny have an Arctic-moderate climate, with an average [[winter]] [[temperature]] of −5&nbsp;°C (23&nbsp;°F). However, the temperature can potentially drop to −30&nbsp;°C (−22&nbsp;°F) during the night. The [[Gulf Stream]], which brings warmer water to the Kolsky Peninsula from the north, moderates the climate, making it slightly warmer than other Arctic regions.<ref name=khi1/>


==Toponyms in Khibins==
==Toponyms in Khibins==

Revision as of 15:47, 20 July 2012

For the village on Kola Peninsula, see Khibiny, Murmansk Oblast.

Template:Geobox The Khibiny Massif, Khibiny Mountains, Khibinsky Mountains or Khibins, Khibinsky tundras, Khibiny (Russian: Хиби́ны [xʲiˈbʲinɨ]) is one of the two main mountain ranges of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, within the Arctic Circle, located between Imandra and Umbozero lakes.

The massif is of oval shape of about 1,300 km2. and occupies the central part of the peninsula at a relative elevation of 900-1000 m above the surrounding plain. The mountains are not particularly high; the two highest peaks are the Yudytchvumtchchorr, which stands 1,201 metres (3,940 ft), and the Chasnachorr, which stands 1,191 metres (3,907 ft).[1] The average elevation is 1,116 metres (3,661 ft).[2] The mountains form the shape of a horseshoe topped by a high plateau, drained by a series of deep canyons. The peaks are of plateau type, with steep slopes, with glaciers, icefields and snowfields in some places. The overall terrain is alpine tundra.

The second, and similar mountain range of the Kola Peninsula, the Lovozero Tundras, is located about 5 km east from the easternmost point of Khibiny.[3]

The Khibiny range is extremely rich in minerals, mainly apatite and nepheline ores. 477 valid minerals have been reported and 108 of those are type localities or minerals first described in the Khibiny.[4] The range is also seismically active.

Khibiny mountains are mostly uninhabited, except for one of the world's richest mineral quarries. One of the minerals discovered there is reported to have a potential as a nuclear waste radioactivity absorbant.[5] By the foot of the massif the cities of Apatity and Kirovsk are situated.

Geography

The Khibiny Mountains lie within the Kola Peninsula, a large peninsula extending from northern Russia into the Barents and White seas. The total land area of the peninsula is approximately 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). It is rich in minerals due to the removal of a layer of soil during the last ice age.[3]

Climate

Khibiny have an Arctic-moderate climate, with an average winter temperature of −5 °C (23 °F). However, the temperature can potentially drop to −30 °C (−22 °F) during the night. The Gulf Stream, which brings warmer water to the Kolsky Peninsula from the north, moderates the climate, making it slightly warmer than other Arctic regions.[1]

Toponyms in Khibins

References

  1. ^ a b "Khibinsky Mountains". Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  2. ^ "The Khibiny (Khibinsky tundras)". Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  3. ^ a b "Mineral Number 27-4". Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  4. ^ http://www.mindat.org/loc-2680.html Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia, Mindat.org
  5. ^ "Safe Nuclear Dump discovered- April 24, 2008". Retrieved 2009-02-16.

67°44′05″N 33°43′34″E / 67.73472°N 33.72611°E / 67.73472; 33.72611

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