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{{Infobox person
| image = <!-- Only freely-licensed images may be used to depict living people. See [[WP:NONFREE]]. -->
| image_size = 150px |
| name = Adam Back
| caption =
| birth_name = Adam Back
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|7|20|df=y}}
| nationality = British
| residence = [[Sliema]], [[Malta]]
| known_for = [[hashcash]]
| occupation = [[cryptographer]]
| website = http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/
}}

'''Adam Back''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[cryptographer]] and crypto-hacker.
'''Adam Back''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[cryptographer]] and crypto-hacker.


He is the inventor of [[hashcash]], a [[proof-of-work system]] for protecting against [[email spam]] and other [[denial-of-service]] attacks. He wrote credlib
He is the inventor of [[hashcash]], the [[proof-of-work system]] used by [[Bitcoin]] and the stamp based [[email spam|anti-spam]] mechanism in [[SpamAssassin]] and [[Microsoft]]'s [http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook-help/how-outlook-e-mail-postmarking-helps-reduce-spam-HA010062592.aspx PostMark] and a number of unix mail software packages. Hashcash has also been used for defending against [[denial-of-service]] attacks, combating blog spam, and defending against user namespace pollution.

[http://www.cypherspace.org/credlib], a library that implements the credential systems of [[Stefan Brands]] and [[David Chaum]]. He was the first to formalize the Non-Interactive Forward-Secrecy security property for email and first to observe that any Identity Based Encryption (IBE) can be used to provide Non-Interactive Forward Secrecy [http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/nifs/].
He implemented credlib [http://www.cypherspace.org/credlib], a library that implements the credential systems of [[Stefan Brands]] and [[David Chaum]].

He was the first to formalize the [http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/nifs/ Non-Interactive Forward-Secrecy] security property for email and to observe that any [[ID-based encryption|Identity Based Encryption]] scheme can be used to provide Non-Interactive Forward Secrecy.


He is also known for pioneering the use of ultra-compact code in [[signature file]]s and [[T-shirt]]s to protest the (now relaxed) U.S. cryptography export regulations.{{cn|date=June 2011}}
He is also known for pioneering the use of ultra-compact code in [[signature file]]s and [[T-shirt]]s to protest the (now relaxed) U.S. cryptography export regulations.{{cn|date=June 2011}}

He has a Computer Science [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from [[University of Exeter]].


==External links==
==External links==
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* [[Information privacy]]
* [[Information privacy]]


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Back, Adam
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Back, Adam}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Back, Adam}}
[[Category:British cryptographers]]
[[Category:British cryptographers]]
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[[Category:Cypherpunks]]
[[Category:Cypherpunks]]
[[Category:Anarcho-capitalists]]
[[Category:Anarcho-capitalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[de:Adam Back]]
[[de:Adam Back]]



Revision as of 17:12, 18 October 2012

Adam Back
Born
Adam Back

(1970-07-20) 20 July 1970 (age 54)
NationalityBritish
Occupationcryptographer
Known forhashcash
Websitehttp://www.cypherspace.org/adam/

Adam Back is a British cryptographer and crypto-hacker.

He is the inventor of hashcash, the proof-of-work system used by Bitcoin and the stamp based anti-spam mechanism in SpamAssassin and Microsoft's PostMark and a number of unix mail software packages. Hashcash has also been used for defending against denial-of-service attacks, combating blog spam, and defending against user namespace pollution.

He implemented credlib [1], a library that implements the credential systems of Stefan Brands and David Chaum.

He was the first to formalize the Non-Interactive Forward-Secrecy security property for email and to observe that any Identity Based Encryption scheme can be used to provide Non-Interactive Forward Secrecy.

He is also known for pioneering the use of ultra-compact code in signature files and T-shirts to protest the (now relaxed) U.S. cryptography export regulations.[citation needed]

He has a Computer Science Ph.D. from University of Exeter.

See also