John Stith Pemberton: Difference between revisions
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'''John Stith Pemberton''' (July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was a [[Confederate States Army|Confederate veteran]] and an American [[pharmacist]], and is best known for being the of [[Coca-Cola]]. |
'''John Stith Pemberton''' (July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was a [[Confederate States Army|Confederate veteran]] and an American [[pharmacist]], and is best known for being the of [[Coca-Cola]]. |
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==Early life== |
'''''Bold text'''''==Early life== |
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Pemberton was born to James Clifford Pemberton (born 1803 in [[North Carolina]]) and Martha L. Gant (born 1803 in [[Virginia]]), both of English descent.<ref>[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/PEMBERTON/2004-01/1073281384 Ancestry of John Pemberton]</ref> Though born in [[Rome, Georgia]], Pemberton, as a young child, moved with his ''family''.<ref>http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/PEMBERTON/2004-01/1073281384</ref> |
Pemberton was born to James Clifford Pemberton (born 1803 in [[North Carolina]]) and Martha L. Gant (born 1803 in [[Virginia]]), both of English descent.<ref>[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/PEMBERTON/2004-01/1073281384 Ancestry of John Pemberton]</ref> Though born in [[Rome, Georgia]], Pemberton, as a young child, moved with his ''family''.<ref>http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/PEMBERTON/2004-01/1073281384</ref> |
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Revision as of 16:56, 14 December 2012
John Stith Pemberton | |
|---|---|
 John Stith Pemberton | |
| Born | July 8, 1831 |
| Died | August 16, 1888 (aged 57) |
| Resting place | Linwood Cemetery in Columbus, Georgia |
| Nationality | United States |
| Occupation | Chemist |
| Known for | Coca-Cola |
| Spouse | Ann Eliza Clifford Lewis |
| Children | Charles Ney Pemberton |
| Parent(s) | James Clifford Pemberton, Martha L. Gant |
John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was a Confederate veteran and an American pharmacist, and is best known for being the of Coca-Cola.
Bold text==Early life== Pemberton was born to James Clifford Pemberton (born 1803 in North Carolina) and Martha L. Gant (born 1803 in Virginia), both of English descent.[1] Though born in Rome, Georgia, Pemberton, as a young child, moved with his family.[2]
Invention of Coca-Cola
In April 1865, Colonel John Pemberton of the Confederate Army was wounded in the Battle of Columbus, Georgia. He was slashed across his chest and like many wounded veterans, he became addicted to cocaine as a result to ease the pain of his wound. He was a pharmacist and as such searched for a cure to counteract his addiction to morphine, he began experimenting with coca and coca wines, eventually creating his own version of Vin Mariani, containing kola nut and damiana, which he called Pemberton's French Wine Coca.[3][4]
With public concern about drug addiction, depression and alcoholism among veterans, and "neurasthenia" among "highly-strung" Southern women,[5] his medicinal concoction was advertised as being particularly beneficial for "ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration, irregularities of the stomach, bowels and kidneys, who require a nerve tonic and a pure, delightful diffusible stimulant."[6] Some historians debate that had it not been for the Civil War, specifically the Battle of Columbus Georgia that the invention of Coca-Cola would never had happened. Therefore, changing the course of human history, by never having the most popularized soft-drink beverage known to the modern world.
In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County enacted temperance legislation, Pemberton found himself forced to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Wine Coca.[7] Pemberton relied on Atlanta druggist Willis Venable to test and help him perfect the recipe for the beverage, which he formulated by trial and error. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton worked out a set of directions for its preparation that eventually included blending the base syrup with carbonated water by accident when trying to make another glass. Pemberton decided then to sell it as a fountain drink rather than a medicine. Frank Mason Robinson came up with the name "Coca-Cola" for the alliterative sound, which was popular among other wine medicines of the time. Although the name quite clearly refers to the two main ingredients, the controversy over its cocaine content would later prompt The Coca-Cola Company to state that the name was "meaningless but fanciful." Robinson also hand wrote the Spencerian script on the bottles and ads. Pemberton also made many health claims for his product and marketed it as "delicious, refreshing, exhilarating, invigorating" and touted it as a "valuable brain tonic" that would cure headaches, relieve exhaustion and calm nerves.
Asa Candler bought the business in 1887.[7] In 1894, Coke was sold in bottles for the first time. During World War II, bottling plants were set up in Europe, Africa, and the Pacific islands.
John Pemberton in popular culture
The Fallout series of video games feature a beverage called Nuka-Cola, which is based on Coca-Cola. The inventor's name, John Caleb-Bradberton, is based on both Pemberton and Pepsi-Cola inventor Caleb Bradham.
In 2010, the Coca-Cola Company paid tribute to Pemberton as a key character within an advertising campaign called "Secret Formula". Centered on the secret ingredients of Coca-Cola, imagery related to Pemberton was used to make people more aware of Coke’s history and mythology.
The book Heck: Where the Bad Kids Go features a Dr. Pemberton as chemistry teacher; his death said to be due to overcarbonation resulting in an exploded stomach, and addicting children to soda as the reason for punishment in the afterlife.
John Pemberton was also referenced in an installment of Futurama titled "The Deep South."
In May 2010, a Twitter account was created for John Pemberton, which was subsequently "verified" by the website. It is currently active and has more than 78,000 followers as of April 2012.[8]
Spotify[9] is partnered with Coca-Cola, and they produced an ad together using John Pemberton's voice.
Pemberton currently has descendants living in Columbus, Georgia and some in South Carolina.
References
- ^ Ancestry of John Pemberton
- ^ http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/PEMBERTON/2004-01/1073281384
- ^ Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography, Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
- ^ Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), p. 152.
- ^ John Shelton Reed, Minding The South, University of Missouri Press (2099), p.171.
- ^ Mark Pendergrast, For God, Country, and Coca-Cola: The Definitive History of the Great American Soft Drink and the Company that Makes It, Basic Books: enlarged 2nd edition (2000), p.24.
- ^ a b Is This the Real Thing? Coca-Cola's Secret Formula "Discovered"
- ^ John Pemberton's 'Twitter account'
- ^ Spotify
Further reading
- Schoenberg, B S (1988), "Coke's the one: the centennial of the "ideal brain tonic" that became a symbol of America.", South. Med. J., vol. 81, no. 1 (published 1988 Jan), pp. 69–74, doi:10.1097/00007611-198801000-00015, PMID 3276011
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|publication-date=(help) - King, M M (1987), "Dr. John S. Pemberton: originator of Coca-Cola.", Pharmacy in history, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 85–9, PMID 11621277
- Hasegawa, Guy (March 1, 2000), "Pharmacy in the American Civil War.", American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 457–489, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy