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'''Atemi Ju-Jitsu''', in Japanese: [[Atemi]] (当て身) [[Jujutsu]] (柔術), also referred to as Nihon Atemi-Jutsu Ryū, is a [[Gendai Budō]] developed in [[France]] in the 1940s/1950s by the late [[Bernard Pariset]] who studied with [[Mikonosuke Kawaishi]], [[Minoru Mochizuki]] (both students of [[Jigoro Kano]], founder of [[Judo]]), and Shozo Awazu. The Pariset family is sometimes referred to as the 'French [[Gracie]]', after having developed their own self-defense jujitsu style directly inspired from Kano Jujutsu (judo) and older koryū jujutsu systems developed to train [[Samurai]] warriors for the battlefield.<ref>'Judo in France' by Henri Plee, in 'A Complete Guide to Judo: its Story and Practice', Robert W. Smith Editions (2011), ISBN 1258120003</ref>. The term 'Atemi' has been added to 'Ju-Jitsu' to remind the central importance of striking techniques in many traditional Jujutsu styles.
'''Atemi Ju-Jitsu''', in Japanese: [[Atemi]] (当て身) [[Jujutsu]] (柔術), also referred to as Nihon Atemi-Jutsu Ryū or French Jiu-Jitsu), is a [[Gendai Budō]] developed in [[France]] in the 1940s/1950s by the late [[Bernard Pariset]] who studied with [[Mikonosuke Kawaishi]], [[Minoru Mochizuki]] (both students of [[Jigoro Kano]], founder of [[Judo]]), and Shozo Awazu. The Pariset family is sometimes referred to as the 'French [[Gracie]]', after having developed their own self-defense jujitsu style directly inspired from Kano Jujutsu (judo) and older koryū jujutsu systems developed to train [[Samurai]] warriors for the battlefield.<ref>'Judo in France' by Henri Plee, in 'A Complete Guide to Judo: its Story and Practice', Robert W. Smith Editions (2011), ISBN 1258120003</ref>. The term 'Atemi' has been added to 'Ju-Jitsu' to remind the central importance of striking techniques in many traditional Jujutsu styles.


Atemi Ju-Jitsu includes combinations of [[atemi]]-waza (striking techniques), nage-waza (throwing techniques) and [[katame-waza]] (grappling techniques), delivered both standing (tachi-waza) and/or on the ground (ne-waza) through [[kihon]] and [[bunkai]]. Practical applications include intense focus on [[randori]] and [[kumite]] to confront techniques to real-life scenarios and non passive partners. It combines techniques from traditional jujutsu systems of the [[Muromachi]], [[Azuchi-Momoyama]], [[Edo]] and [[Meiji]] periods, along with techniques found in more recent martial arts such as judo, [[karate]], [[aikido]] and [[savate]].
Atemi Ju-Jitsu includes combinations of [[atemi]]-waza (striking techniques), nage-waza (throwing techniques) and [[katame-waza]] (grappling techniques), delivered both standing (tachi-waza) and/or on the ground (ne-waza) through [[kihon]] and [[bunkai]]. Practical applications include intense focus on [[randori]] and [[kumite]] to confront techniques to real-life scenarios and non passive partners. It combines techniques from traditional jujutsu systems of the [[Muromachi]], [[Azuchi-Momoyama]], [[Edo]] and [[Meiji]] periods, along with techniques found in more recent martial arts such as judo, [[karate]], [[aikido]] and [[savate]].

Revision as of 22:10, 26 January 2013

Atemi Ju-Jitsu, in Japanese: Atemi (当て身) Jujutsu (柔術), also referred to as Nihon Atemi-Jutsu Ryū or French Jiu-Jitsu), is a Gendai Budō developed in France in the 1940s/1950s by the late Bernard Pariset who studied with Mikonosuke Kawaishi, Minoru Mochizuki (both students of Jigoro Kano, founder of Judo), and Shozo Awazu. The Pariset family is sometimes referred to as the 'French Gracie', after having developed their own self-defense jujitsu style directly inspired from Kano Jujutsu (judo) and older koryū jujutsu systems developed to train Samurai warriors for the battlefield.[1]. The term 'Atemi' has been added to 'Ju-Jitsu' to remind the central importance of striking techniques in many traditional Jujutsu styles.

Atemi Ju-Jitsu includes combinations of atemi-waza (striking techniques), nage-waza (throwing techniques) and katame-waza (grappling techniques), delivered both standing (tachi-waza) and/or on the ground (ne-waza) through kihon and bunkai. Practical applications include intense focus on randori and kumite to confront techniques to real-life scenarios and non passive partners. It combines techniques from traditional jujutsu systems of the Muromachi, Azuchi-Momoyama, Edo and Meiji periods, along with techniques found in more recent martial arts such as judo, karate, aikido and savate.

History

Jigoro Kano sent many of his students outside of Japan to demonstrate and teach judo. Among these students, Mitsuyo Maeda went to the Americas and Mikonosuke Kawaishi to Europe. After a long trip across the North and South America, Maeda finally settled in Brazil where he started to teach the Gracie family in the late 1910s/early 1920s a form of judo called Kosen Judo which is mainly focused on ne-waza (ground techniques). The Gracie family building on Maeda's legacy developed a system that would later become known as Gracie Jiu-Jitsu (or Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu). After an equally long trip across Europe, the second student (Kawaishi) finally settled in France where he started to teach. Bernard and Daniel Pariset were among his students in the late 1930s/early 1940s. Kawaishi's judo was influenced by traditional jujutsu systems from the Muromachi and Edo periods, which led the Pariset family to develop a jujutsu system not solely focused on ne-waza (unlike the Gracie's) but also incorporating atemi-waza and nage-waza. This system would later become known as Pariset Ju-Jitsu (or Atemi Ju-Jitsu).

Kawaishi founded the French Judo and Jiu-Jitsu Federation (FFJJJ) in 1946.[2] The FFJJJ, re-branded to FFJDA, tasked Bernard Pariset in the 1970s to produce the first official Ju-Jitsu methodology based on Atemi Ju-Jitsu and called 'Self-defence Judo' at the time.[3] With the emergence of competition Judo and Ju-Jitsu, this more traditional combat style became less practised during the 1980s/1990s. The 2000s/2010s saw the revival of Pariset Ju-Jitsu with the emergence of Mixed martial arts (MMA) in the United States and Europe. The Gracie family is performing a similar return to its roots by focusing more and more its teaching on Gracie self-defence as originally practised by Maeda.

Bernard Pariset died in 2004 just before he could be made 10th Dan alongside his long-standing friend and Judo partner Henri Courtine.He was one of the very few non-Japanese to reach the level of 9th Dan and has been officially recognized by the FFJDA (French Judo and Ju-Jitsu Federation) and the IFNB (International Federation Nippon Budo). This title however is not officially recognized by the Kodokan.

The System and its influences

The 'Ju-Jitsu Club Français' was established in 1944 and Bernard Pariset started to teach Judo-Jiu-Jitsu there in parallel to his professional judo career, before becoming its Director until his death.[4] The 'Ju-Jitsu Club Français' was one of many Parisian dojo at the epicentre of the expansion of Japanese martial arts in France and Europe.

It was regularly visited by Japanese instructors, first Kawaishi in the 1930s/1940s/1950s and then Awazu in the 1950s/1960s. Both were world-renowned experts, the former for his nage-waza and standing self-defense techniques[5][6], and the latter for his ne-waza and ground self-defense techniques.[7] Minoru Mochizuki was another direct student of Jigoro Kano, and also Morihei Ueshiba and Gichin Funakoshi, who paid regular visits to the dojo around the same time. Mochizuki, in addition to being a judo instructor, became the first to teach aikido in the West [8][9]. Founder of Yoseikan Budo, he had extensively studied old jujutsu systems. At the same time, karate was making its first steps in Europe under the umbrella of the young French Judo Federation, like in Japan under the umbrella of the Kodokan until the Shotokan was later established. As a consequence, the 'Ju-Jitsu Club Français' also witnessed the development of karate under the leadership of Jacques Delcourt and Henri Plee, as well as the expansion of savate (Boxe Francaise). All were practised at the dojo and all these different martial arts influenced the making of Atemi Ju-Jitsu as a modern martial art with ancient roots, traditions and ethics.

Atemi Ju-Jitsu puts a lot of emphasis on tai sabaki and kuzushi to break the opponent's balance. The use of atemi is particularly important in this system both as a mean to create the kuzushi and strike vital points to neutralize the opponent, before preparing the transition to other techniques such as locks, twists, throws, pins, and chokes/strangulations. This style has been influenced from traditional Nihon jujutsu systems such as Kyushin Ryu, Takenouchi-ryū, Kitō-ryū, Yagyū Shingan-ryū, Yōshin-ryū, Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū, and Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu (most of which were using atemi extensively before judo limited its use during competition).

Education Method and Ethics

Practitioners are asked to maintain a balance between all elements of the system in order to build a complete martial artists able to face multiple situations, multiple opponents and multiple types of weapons. As a result, their training is evenly split between atemi, nage and katame-waza; and between tachi and ne-waza. A strong emphasis is placed on kihon to help students work on complex/dangerous technical sequences while avoiding injuries, and kumite / randori to allow students to practice their techniques in real-life environments both standing and on the ground.

Atemi Ju-Jitsu is practiced in dedicated dojo wearing a Gi (white for students and Blue or Black for instructors) and relies on an established protocol for respect and safety purposes. Techniques are taught using original Japanese names and students follow the colour belt system established in the early 20th century by Mikonusoke Kawaishi. This education method is based on Shin-Si-Tai (Spirit-Technique-Body) and a strong code of ethics originating from the Bushido (Samurai warriors Code of Ethics) inspired by Confucianism. The Bushidō code is typified by seven virtues: Rectitude (義 gi), Courage (勇氣 yūki), Benevolence (仁 jin), Respect (禮 rei), Honesty (誠 makoto), Honour (名誉 meiyo), and Loyalty (忠義 chūgi).

A dedicated Atemi Ju-Jitsu Federation [10] with IFNB affiliation exists and includes all dojo practicing this jujutsu style. Atemi Ju-Jitsu is still actively practiced today in France with the Pariset family's legacy kept alive in Europe by Daniel Pariset (8th Dan) and Eric Pariset (7th Dan), and in the United States by Julien Durand (4th Dan). Regular demonstrations are performed during international events such as the Paris-Bercy World Martial Arts Festival.[11]

References

  1. ^ 'Judo in France' by Henri Plee, in 'A Complete Guide to Judo: its Story and Practice', Robert W. Smith Editions (2011), ISBN 1258120003
  2. ^ http://www.ffjudo.com/ffj/Le-Judo
  3. ^ 'Jiu-Jitsu moderne par l'image : Self-défense Judo d'après la progression officielle française' by Bernard Pariset, 1972
  4. ^ Michel Brousse, Les racines du judo français. Histoire d'une culture sportive, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, n° 401, 2005 — ISBN| 2-867-81368-9
  5. ^ My Method of Self-Defence, Mikonosuke Kawaishi, W. Foulsham - First Edition edition (1957), ASIN: B0007JES02
  6. ^ My Method of Judo, Mikonosuke Kawaishi, W. Foulsham - First Edition edition (1955), ASIN: B0000CJ90I
  7. ^ Shozo Awazu, Méthode de Judo au sol, éditions Publi-Judo, Paris, 1963
  8. ^ Minoru Mochizuki, Nihon-den Jujutsu Kodansha, 1978
  9. ^ Minoru Mochizuki, Ma Methode d'Aikido Jiu-Jitsu, 1957
  10. ^ http://www.atemi-jujitsu.org
  11. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THufPg0U5Vo&feature=endscreen

Bibliography

  • 'Judo : progression officielle française' by Bernard Pariset, published in 1969 and 1984 in French
  • 'Judo - Formes de projections, Nage No Kata' by Bernard Pariset, published in 1970 in French
  • 'Jiu-Jitsu moderne par l'image : Self-défense Judo d'après la progression officielle française' by Bernard Pariset, published in 1972 in French
  • 'Nage no Kata; formes de projections' by Bernard Pariset, published in 1970 in French
  • 'Atemi Ju-Jitsu moderne : self défense - progression officielle française' par ceintures by Bernard Pariset, published in 1982 in French
  • 'Atemi Ju-Jitsu : les 16 techniques et le Goshin-Jitsu' by Bernard Pariset, published in 1991 in French
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